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A Dialectological Study, 2007.
This paper is a dialectological study of the Peel Region, Southern Ontario, a mainly suburban area of Toronto with many new Canadians from around the world.
1,010 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that a dialectological study of the Peel region first seemed impossible due to the high ethnic diversity of the region; however, the research revealed that Peel does feature an idiom different from that of Toronto. The author points out that some verification was possible when contrasting what was heard of the English spoken by diverse Torontonians on public transit as compared to the English that new Canadians acquired if they both lived and worked in Peel. The paper stresses that this research underscores that it is not true that globalization has created a world of uniform speakers of American-English. The author concludes that this preliminary research produced the thesis that the rise of local economies that absorb people who might otherwise commute to work elsewhere promises a degree of insularity to encourage certain forms of expression. It also seemed that the first language spoken mattered less than the kind of English one learned or adopted in Canada.
Table of Contents:
Telling Remarks
Discussion
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"A man born in Punjab, a Canadian for 25 years, stated that there could be no Peel dialect due to a diverse population and the influence of TV that had made North American accents quite similar. At the same time, he used to syllable of "eh" and also happened to use another bit of rural jargon in referring to having gone "down" to Kingston recently when most certainly he meant across. A total of 10 subjects agreed with his opinion that there was no Peel accent or dialect but said that they found the English spoken in Toronto very halting, as if it was assumed that no stranger had English as the first language or a good command of it."
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Legalization of Drugs, 2008.
An analysis of methods to decrease illegal drug use in Canada and whether prohibited drugs should become legal.
1,992 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the problems of illegal drug use in Canada and other industrialized countries. It looks at harm reduction frameworks and how they are applied to injection drugs. It particularly discusses the harm of the reduction technique at an individual level, particularly of the safe injection sites (SIS) and whether they have achieved their aims or not. It finally discusses whether illegal drugs should continue to be prohibited or not.
Table of Contents:
Introduction: Drug problems in Canadian and Industrialized Societies
True Harm Reduction?
For Or Against Continued Prohibition Of Illegal Drugs?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Illegalizing drug use indicates that policy-makers believe that drug problems are not a health issue, but a moral issue. Such legislation links criminality with drug use - that those who use drugs "are destroying, in some manner, the social fabric of our country and communities" (Boyd, 2005, pp. 48). The Canadian government, on the other hand, argues that criminalization is a health issue - that prohibition of marijuana, cocaine and other drugs is, in fact, the result of concern over the mental and physical health of Canadian citizens. Criminalization of illicit drugs is also justified by policy-makers in terms of protection against the perceived risks of dependence, both psychological and physical. However, this mentality does not correlate with current drug legislation. Though tobacco is freely available and marijuana is illegal in most countries, the former is much, much more addictive than the latter - in fact, tobacco is even more addictive than heroin (ibid, p. 49). Also, tobacco has far worse consequences for public health than does marijuana. So how can the government justify illegalizing marijuana and other drugs, whilst tobacco, a damaging drug, is freely available? And how can the government continue to pump money and attention into enforcing prohibition of drugs such as marijuana when all evidence suggests that the drug's very availability decreases its use?"
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A Review of Tomoko Makabe's Book "Picture Brides", 2008.
A summary and review of "Picture Brides" by Tomoko Makabe, which chronicles the lives of five Canadian-Japanese women.
1,408 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper critically reviews "Picture Brides" by Tomoko Makabe, a Japanese woman living in Canada, who became fascinated by the fact that women would go overseas to marry men they did not know. The author of this paper feels that, while the book is interesting to read, a person aware of Japan's 19th and 20th century history, and the longer story of the Japanese in North America will find little that is so 'amazing' in the experience of the five women informing Makabe's work.
From the Paper
"Also, the phenomenon to which Makabe gave her attention involved a range of factors to which she seems not to have given ample thought led by the extreme gaps in Japanese social classes in the 19th and 20th centuries. Young women choosing to marry abroad, as ever, were often people with few or no alternative prospects. Makabe seems not to have considered a number of factors of the kind. For instance, a somewhat irritating aspect of Picture Brides is the author's repeated reference to how courageous the picture brides were, in a manner showing that the author has failed to imagine the turn of the 20th century and the courage that all men and women without prospects in Japan, or anywhere else, needed in order to simply survive. Makabe's informants had come to Canada as picture brides in the 1920s, by which time many Japanese women had undertaken the same sorts of journeys, going to join a settled and working man of whom their families were apt to know little or nothing. In addition to traditional family methods of locating spouses, brokers were often involved, a woman taking some risk as ever in terms of how her husband across the world turned out to be but she went abroad with the approval of her family having settled a daughter and sometimes expecting remittance funds.
As an Oral History volume, Picture Brides would be better if the author had managed a shorter introduction on herself and tried for a briefer introduction to 100 years of Japanese in Canada. More weight should have been placed on events in Japan in the later 19th and early 20th centuries that made becoming a picture bride of appeal. For instance, Makabe notes that the women were from village backgrounds and notes how a newly industrializing Japan had few waged opportunities for women that most could not work beyond the home. She seems not to see either that as elsewhere in Asia, marriage was a necessity for poorer families, and that embarking across the world as a picture bride could solve various family problems. Becoming a picture bride was probably more strategic or simply straightforward than courageous or heroic. One gains the impression that the author was fairly sheltered or had not reflected on social reality of the time in either Japan or Canada when beginning research with the assistance of the Multicultural History Society of Ontario."
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Urban Sprawl, 2008.
This paper addresses the issue of urban sprawl in Toronto and Ontario.
1,116 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the urban areas of Ontario and Toronto are experiencing urban sprawl. The paper describes the characteristics of urban sprawl and how it can be measured. The paper looks at urban sprawl's negative impacts on the environment, taxpayers and on the population's cultural and social life. The paper offers recommendations for future land-use development that will sustainably manage growth and discourage urban sprawl.
Outline:
Issue
Analysis
Recommendations
From the Paper
"Urban sprawl is not easy to define. "To paraphrase the United States Supreme Court's long-ago ruling on pornography, most people can't define sprawl--but they know it when they see it" (Fulton et al, 2001). Urban sprawl is a phenomenon that occurs around metropolitan areas, usually represented by suburbs, and it involved the spread of cities and the urbanization or areas around it previously undeveloped, used for agriculture or green fields and forests.
"There are several characteristics of urban sprawl by which it can be recognized. First, the land-use is segregated and usually entails single use zoning. This means that residential, commercial and industrial areas are separated from one another. Often there are large undeveloped, empty areas between them. Because these areas are separated, traveling from one to the other can only be done with a car."
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The Decriminalization of Prostitution in Toronto, 2008.
An argument in support of the decriminalization of prostitution in Toronto.
2,975 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the decriminalization of prostitution in Toronto may be advantageous for sex workers. It states that although women are supposedly equal in Canada, somehow thousands of Canadian women still end up in sex work - a line of work in which they are at risk of violence, diseases and death. The paper argues that laws meant to protect society actually victimize people who are already at the bottom rung of society - marginalized, poor women - as well as a smaller group of male and transsexual prostitutes, and even some children. Law enforcers and the public frequently launch campaigns aimed at removing sex workers altogether - such as closing brothels and massage parlors. This does not remove sex workers - it merely makes them less safe. The paper concludes that protecting the rights of sex workers and decriminalizing prostitution will help to protect their safety and welfare.
From the Paper
"The lives of sex workers are fraught with risks and threats. For example, by the very nature of their work, they are at risk of contracting a range of sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV, which is usually terminal. One might argue that sex workers should protect themselves by practicing safe sex. However, the reality is that these people are in a very disempowered position in society, and consequently, they are very often not in a position to insist on safe sex practices. A key part of their disempowerment is that they have little recourse to the law. In other words, if they are forced to have unsafe sex, they do not feel safe in laying a charge with the police. This is because their line of work is circumscribed by laws that aim to end prostitution, and therefore they do not feel safe phoning the police. Thus, one of the key reasons why the legal system pertaining to sex work should be changed is that this would facilitate equal rights to police protection for sex workers - who desperately need such protection."
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Nurse Practitioner Role in Canada, 2008.
An analysis of the nurse practitioner's role and how it can be implemented in the health care system in Ontario.
1,802 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the implementation of the nurse practitioner's role in Canada. It discusses the expanded authority that the nurse practitioner has in relation to prescribing medications. The paper also looks at the health compliance of the nurse practitioner's patients compared to the physician's patients. The paper goes on to discusses a national perspective for the health system and nurse practitioners. Finally, it looks at how to fully utilize nurse practitioners in Ontario.
From the Paper
"One barrier to nurse practitioner utilization would be implementing new organizational arrangements and re-allocating roles among medical and other health professionals. Another barrier consists of a lack of options for nurses and inadequate recognition of nursing knowledge and skills (CNA, 2001). For example, the role of nurse practitioners is restricted under existing nursing legislation, protocols or medical directives (Worster & Sarco, 2005). One problem opposing utilization of nurse practitioners in Canada relates to discrepancies in legislation, educational requirements, and clinical and legal responsibilities, all of which prevent implementation of the nurse practitioner role in many areas since the title of nurse practitioner has no universal definition (Worster & Sarco, 2005)."
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Trans-Border Pollution, 2008.
This paper examines the policies of Canada and the United States vis-a-vis trans-border air pollution.
1,730 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the 1991 Air Quality Agreement between the two nations and the 2000 Ozone Annex. The paper briefly discusses some of the key measures implemented and to what extent each country is guilty of reneging on its environmental commitments. The paper concludes that both nations are pushing ahead, but shows how the pace of change could and should be increased.
From the Paper
"To start with, both Canada and the United States have worked cooperatively to reduce trans-border or trans-boundary pollution. To wit, as early as 1991 the two countries signed an agreement - the Canada-US Air Quality Agreement - wherein each pledged to reduce trans-boundary air pollution contributing to acid rain. Specifically, both nations agreed to implement measures reducing emissions of sulphur dioxide as well as nitrogen oxides. Both nations agreed to work together as well to develop the scientific and technical tools necessary for eliminating (or at least greatly reducing) acid rain levels in North America (Environment Canada, 2006). A little more than 9 years later, in December of 2000, the two countries also came together and signed an Ozone Annex that established benchmarks for reducing the "trans-boundary flow" of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, as well as reducing the flow and production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (Environment Canada, 2006). Understandably, both of these measures deserve to be looked at more closely insofar as they appear to constitute the foundations of both countries' approach to trans-boundary air pollution."
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Supervised Injection Sites, 2008.
This paper explores the arguments for and against the drug policy of supervised injection sites (SIS).
2,793 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses sanctioned supervised injection sites (SIS) in Canada where people may inject intravenous drugs under the supervision of trained medical staff, with clean syringes available for their use. The paper explores the reasoning behind this site and the ongoing arguments for and against its continuing operation. The paper supports the belief that drug use will continue and that at least users can be spared the harm inflicted by sharing non-sterile settings in a non-sanitary setting. The paper therefore concludes that the SIS is a sound, pragmatic drug policy that should be continued and developed further.
From the Paper
"In the case of SIS, the reasoning is that drug addicts are going to inject themselves with illegal drugs anyway, so why not make the actual process safer? Especially given that much of the health damage associated with intravenous drug use derives from factors other than the drugs. For example, non-sterile needles cause death through infection, and shared needles cause diseases and death by passing on Hepatitis C, AIDS, etc. As Ezard (2001) points out, the discovery that HIV transmission is linked to injectable drugs "arguably spearheaded the harm reduction movement for illicit drug use" (p. 208). Moreover, many drug deaths are due to overdoses, and those who accidentally overdose in a SIS will be given medical assistance more promptly, and are thus more likely to survive."
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The Steven Truscott Case: Justice, Culture and Social Order, 2008.
An analysis of the Steven Truscott case and its impact on the criminal justice system in Canada.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the legal issues emerging from the Steven Truscott case of the late 1950s, a case that broke new ground in shaping and shaking popular understandings of the Canadian criminal justice system. Particular attention is focused on social and cultural factors - especially attitudes towards sexuality and media pressure contributing to a rush to convict - as contributing elements to this case. Comparisons are drawn to a similar case in the United States at this time - the Sam Sheppard trial - to illustrate how this situation is not limited to Canadian law but, in fact, reflects wider social and cultural realities. Increasing anti-institutional sentiments in both Canada and the United States have contributed to a revisiting of both cases, sentiments that both cases also played a role in shaping.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Culture and Sexuality
Tunnel Vision and the Issue of Disclosure
The Sheppard Case, Media and Authority
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One of the major legal problems to emerge from the Truscott trial was one of disclosure or discovery. As the Daum story reveals, the culture of the 1950s - which placed much more faith in the honesty and integrity of law enforcement officials than today -allowed law enforcement officials to effectively bury evidence that may have been of assistance to the Truscott defense. Indeed, it may be argued that cases such as Truscott contributed to an evolution in criminal law in such matters: "Rules of evidence today oblige the Crown and the police to disclose all the relevant information they turn up in the course of their investigations" (Sher 299)."
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Is Canada being Americanized?, 2008.
An argument that Canada is not becoming Americanized, but is still an individual nation with keen nationalism.
2,862 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses whether Canada is suffering from the phenomenon of Americanization and if the Canadian national identity is, in fact, dead. The paper cites evidence to suggest that Canada is still primarily an individual nation identified by a special Canadian nationalism and that Canada maintains a sense of pride in its nation's culture, heritage, values and traditions.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Basic Evidence Of Separate Societies
Canada: A Bi-Cultural Nation Of English And French
The Commonwealth Connection And A Different Federal Government
Canada's Liberal Sensitivities - The Envy Of Many Americans
A Richly Diverse Multicultural Make-Up And Un-American Migration Laws
Naysayers
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The abovementioned arguments each provide ample evidence that Canada has not been Americanized but in fact is a unique, admirable culture living fairly peacefully alongside American culture. Canada is the bearer of a proud national culture and heritage, with values and traditions which contrast sharply to those of America's. One need only observe the personal opinions of both the American and Canadian peoples, the governmental structure of each nation, cultural attitudes towards humanity, democracy, and liberalism, and perspectives on healthcare, crime and sexual orientation to observe a blatant difference between American and Canadian sentiment. Further evidence of Canada's resistance towards Americanization is the nation's bi-cultural English-French nature, its Commonwealth federal government, liberality and opinions on immigration, all factors which sets the nation apart from its southern neighbor."
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"The Banana Boys" Book Review, 2008.
A review of Terry Woo's book, "The Banana Boys", as a reflection of the Chinese-Canadian experience.
760 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Terry Woo's "The Banana Boys", a fiction book about Chinese born Canadian youths. The derogatory term, 'banana boy', refers to the fact that they are 'yellow' (that is, Chinese) on the outside, but 'white' (that is, Canadian) inside. The paper discusses how each of the boys has a distinct way of dealing with his identity of a 'banana boy', implying that there is no single Asian-Canadian experience. Finally, the paper adds that the book is relevant not only to the Chinese community in Canada but to the larger Canadian community as well, made up, to a large extent, of immigrants and their children.
From the Paper
"This book is of great relevance both to the Chinese-Canadian and to all other Canadians too. It is a unique work of literature that tells a story of the Chinese Canadians in present time, and their attempts to carve a unique identity for themselves, each of the boys in his own way. They may have tried hard to fit in with the "Chinese" identity or the "Canadian" identity, but there will never be a distinct group for them to fit in completely and fully belong. The "Chinese" and the "Canadians" do not quite claim them as their own, so they search for their own unique identity in pop culture. Many Asian Canadians who have been born in this country or who group up here may find that the 'banana boys' resemble them in many ways, and that the experiences of the 'banana boys' with racism, culture, work, etc. are also their own experiences. Furthermore, other Canadians who are also coming from different cultures may find that the book appeals to them too. The children of immigrants are often faced with identity questions much like the characters of "Banana Boys", and the silent cultural clash is something many experience."
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Regent Park Housing, 2008.
This paper discusses the history of the Regent Park housing project in Toronto and looks at its early success.
5,055 words (approx. 20.2 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 127.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the Regent Park housing project is recognized as an area of crime, prostitution and low income housing that is in need of severe attention. The writer looks at the history of the project, noting that in the 1940's when the area was first being developed, it was seen as clean, healthy and a safe place to live for low-income families. The writer discusses that Regent Park was developed at a time when low-rental housing was in extreme demand, and when planners felt that to be successful meant the wider society should be blocked out. The writer concludes that this plan worked well and enabled Regent Park to remain successful for the first twenty years of operation, however, the area has fallen back into slum conditions and new construction plans will soon destroy this piece of history. The writer notes that it will be interesting to see what the outcome of the new housing will be and how effective it may become in the future.
Outline:
Slum Clearance
Construction of Regent Park Low Income Housing
Tenants in Regent Park
Community Relationships
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Before dwelling upon more recent occurrences which sparked the rise of today's Regent Park, a few final items must be added to what has already been mentioned about the turbulent 1930s in English-speaking Canada's largest city. Most notably, those men (and women) troubled by what was taking place in the poor neighborhoods of the metropolis surely knew that, until some kind of affordable housing and some kind of revamped urban renewal process were both unfurled in Toronto, the city would be forced to deal with issues of the most unsettling variety. Not least of all, over-crowding and an absence of indoor plumbing inevitably raised sanitation concerns and also concerns about the spread of disease. It is an unlovely image, but neighborhoods in which large segments of the population are bereft of indoor plumbing are neighborhoods in which the issue of human waste and where it is being deposited become acute matters of importance to everyone. Likewise, the spread of disease brought about by poor sanitation becomes a fearsome problem even for those who do not live in such environs. After all, a metropolitan setting is a metropolitan setting, and - however socially reified 1930s Toronto may have been - interaction and contact between peoples from all walks of life was fairly unavoidable. Thus, an outbreak in one part of the city had obvious health ramifications for another part of the city - leaving aside the fact that disease outbreaks among the poor compelled the use of finite medical resources which might be required by other members of the community. Needless to say, finding a way to make Toronto's poor neighborhoods more salubrious and sanitary was in the interests of all Torontonians."
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The Canadian Italian Migration, 2007.
This paper describes various stages of the migration of Italians into Canada.
2,660 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Italian immigrants migrated in various waves of various sizes throughout the last century. The author points out that the early wave of Italian immigration, mostly crossing from the U.S., virtually ceased at the start of World War I and did not pick up again until the late 1920s. The paper relates that, during the 1920s, Italian immigration to Canada expanded so rapidly that Mussolini, the fascist dictator in Italy, attempted to halt immigration completely. The author states that, just prior to World War II, Canada began to curtail or even roll back immigration. The paper stated that, following Italy's entry into World War II, hundreds of Italian men were interned in camps while their families were left to fend for themselves. The author concludes that, continuing after WWII, the large number of Italian immigrants was largely responsible for providing Canada with the necessary labor and tax pool it required to re-establish its economic activity.
From the Paper
"The result was that by the 1960s Italian culture and heritage, sometimes with the assistance of Hollywood in America, became vogue to some degree. This period of consolidation allowed a new era of commerce where Italian markets, delis, and stores flowered across Toronto, Quebec and other regions where the Italian population was significant. One important factor during this era of consolidation was that Italian immigration virtually reached a standstill by the late 1960s. Italy had managed to substantially rebuild its post-War economy and the mass immigration out of the country ceased with the rebirth of its own robust economic growth in tandem with a healthy tourism industry."
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Women's Suffrage Movement in Canada, 2007.
An analysis of the role of Canadian women in the social reform movement from 1870 to 1921.
2,688 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the role of Canadian women in the social reform movement during the time period 1870-1921. The paper focuses on the role that Canadian women played in achieving social reform with regard to winning the vote for women. It explains that suffrage is the focus of the paper, because, it is argued, once women had a political voice, other social reforms for women (such as the right to work, or the right to work for equal pay) could more easily follow. The writer then looks at how suffrage may be seen as the fundamental social reform that paved the way for the continuing reform of social conditions, and more especially for the continuing reform of social conditions for women. The writer also strongly asserts that it is also important to see it within the context of what women saw as important aspects of social reform, such as combating problems associated with industrialization and urbanization. The writer notes that while the suffrage movement was impacted by larger historical factors, such as the First World War, ordinary Canadian women played an important role in the fight for votes for women.
From the Paper
"These missionary groupings were the most common alliances in the 1870s and 1880s, but these decades also saw the rise of somewhat more secular organizations, such as The Woman's Christian Temperance Union. These organizations have been described as "testaments to women's growing awareness of social, and particularly urban, problems" (Strong-Boag 89). Women hoped to work within these organizations to rehabilitate the degenerate and the poor - reflecting the common assumption that women were the morally superior sex (Strong-Boag). Indeed, many historians agree that the suffragists justified their fight to penetrate the public sphere by the argument that as women were morally superior, their presence in the public sphere would benefit society, due to the fact that the public sphere would be improved by the influence of what were seen as women's traditional virtues (Bacchi)."
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Oppression, 2008.
A discussion of the forms that oppression can take and how it affects those who are oppressed.
1,239 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses issues of oppression, such as marginalization and violence. It looks briefly at the example of Jews in Nazi Germany and the oppression that they faced. The paper then discusses the forms of oppression that are found today in Canadian society and how it impacts the people who are oppressed. Lastly, the paper looks at the issues of oppression with regards to nursing and the writer discusses her own experiences with the problem.
From the Paper
"The first essential point of being able to distinguish the various forms of oppression is to be able to identify oppression. In the case of nurses, for example, it can be very difficult to realize that oppression is taking place at first because it is subtle and it systemic (Young 34). Systemic oppression is not easily identified; with Native people, their present marginalization can be interpreted in terms of the way society is structured or the status quo. Among many groups such as nurses, their experience of oppression is not reported because they are uncertain that they are even being treated unjustly. In order for feminists to effectively deal with the issue of oppression and to eradicate it, they must know where the barriers and institutional forces are located that cause oppression. Not all groups are affected to the same degree or in the same way by oppression."
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