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The NASA Challenger Disaster.
This paper discusses the problems and organizational dysfunction that contributed to the NASA Challenger Disaster.
1,710 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that organizational behavior focuses on the study of behavior within the organizational construct, concentrating on how an individual, group, and structure affect the behavior within the organization. The author points outs that learning from the Challenger Disaster required the NASA organization to look carefully at (1) forces contributing to the flawed decision, (2) reasons for the decisions and behavior that contributed to them, and (3) organizational shortcomings that affected the outcome. The paper stresses that communication can lead to misunderstanding, but so does lack of action; people within the chain of command at NASA did not act upon information that may have changed the outcome.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The NASA Challenger Disaster
Recommendations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In exploring the history behind the Challenger disaster, one discovers, as the Presidential Commission did, that information threatened the "can-do" ideology of the space agency was routinely suppressed by managers at the agency's Marshall Space Flight Center. When Thiokol's engineers raised their concerns a full six months before the disaster, the information they provided was distorted as it made its way up the organizational chain of command, primarily to suit the career interests of Center managers eager to please NASA headquarters. Bosses were told what they wanted to hear and not what they needed to know. Ultimately, Thiokol's engineers were told, in effect, to "sit down and shut up" the night before the launch because the final decision would be made by management."
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Marketing Commercial Aviation, 2004.
An analysis of the challenges facing the marketing of the commercial aviation industry.
1,230 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the airline industry, the hardest hit by the 9/11 terrorist attacks. The paper presents the status of the industry and examines the marketing challenges facing commercial carriers. The paper briefly explores various marketing strategies and focuses on the high/low strategy as the most successful for this industry. Examples of this strategy are provided in the paper.
Contents
1) Status of the Industry
2) Marketing Problems Facing Carriers
3) Different Strategies
4) Description of High/Low Marketing Strategy
5) Why High/Low Strategy Is the Best Marketing Strategy
6) Examples of High/Low Marketing Strategy
7) Conclusion
8) Bibliography
From the Paper
"These industry ailments have forced several new marketing problems and exacerbated the old ones. The critical problem facing the industry, though, is the new revelation - in the post 9/11 era - that price is the overwhelming determining factor in airline choice. If two airlines offer even remotely similar routes, the choice that a business or pleasure traveler will make is rarely based on the number of stops or even on the airport - travelers are more than willing to smaller to a smaller, more distant airport today to save money - and definitely not on the reputation or size of the airline; and certainly not on the frills or amenities offered on board the flight."
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USAir Flight 5050, 2004.
An analysis of the crash of USAir Flight 5050.
939 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper details the aborted takeoff of USAir Flight 5050 and the subsequent crash. The paper describes what happened during the attempted takeoff and explains that, due to the wet condition of the runway, the aircraft could not stop in time. The paper presents the investigative findings of the crash, which included examination of flight data and communications, such as the flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder.
From the Paper
"USAir Flight 5050 was scheduled to depart from New York's LaGuardia Airport and scheduled to arrive at Charlotte, North Carolina on September 20, 1989. Fifty-seven passengers and four flight attendants were aboard. On board the flight deck of the Boeing 737 were Captain Micheal Martin and First Officer Constantine Kleissas. The crew had a long layover in New York and was forced to wait for approximately one and a half hours due to the cold and wet weather. Finally at about 11:30 pm, the aircraft was cleared for takeoff with Kleissas at the controls."
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Air Warfare in World War I, 2004.
An analysis of the development of air warfare in World War I.
1,630 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the development of the air conflict in the First World War, claiming that it was closely linked to technical developments in aircraft design. The paper explains that the necessities and the competition engendered by the conflict also motivated technological developments. The First World War was neither won nor lost by the air warfare. The paper discusses what the war did for military aircraft design and development by opening up new possibilities of warfare.
From the Paper
"The development and direction of aircraft design was largely determined by the necessities and requirements of the war. Firstly, the war necessitated that the aircraft be designed to be as easy to fly as possible as there was only a limited amount of time for training of the pilots. Some pilots began flying after with as little as 4 hour's actual flying time. (ibid) This also necessitated that the planes be designed to be as stable as possible. This requirement was to change as the momentum of the air warfare accelerated and maneuverability became a more dominant requirement."
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Virgin Atlantic Airways, 2004.
A marketing analysis of the business class service of Virgin Atlantic Airways.
1,436 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Virgin Atlantic Airways markets its business class service. The paper explains how Virgin Atlantic ensures that its premium paying passengers get full value for their money, beginning with the pre-flight experience, which includes courtesy limo transfers, a hassle-free and short check-in process, and use of luxury lounges, branded the "Clubhouse".
From the Paper
"A testimony to Virgin Atlantic having succeeded in developing a superlative business class product lies in the fact that its "Upper Class Suite" is often seen as equivalent to the first class service on other long haul airlines. For instance, Valhouli (2004, para 13) is almost apologetic over the fact that Virgin Atlantic could not be included in Forbes' list of Best First Class section on airlines since technically, its "Upper Class Suite" is business class. Valhouli's comment is perhaps best explained through a description of the innovative "Upper Class Suite" product and service."
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Aviation Safety, 2004.
An analysis of aviation safety, with a focus on fire issues.
1,698 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper examines what the most important fire issue is in aviation and explores how it is handled. In addition, the paper compares the ways that a specific fire issue is handled. The paper presents a focus on insulation and other fire-retardant measures in cabin safety and what kind of changes these have undergone throughout aviation history.
From the Paper
"Fire issues in aviation have long been a problem as those that work with them look for new and better ways to make aviation safer for all. This is not always easy, however, as there are only certain types of chemicals and other items that can be used in aviation due to the nature of the field. Because of this, discussing what should be used and why when it comes to fire safety and fire issues is often of the utmost importance for the aviation industry and those that create products for it. The main problem with this issue is that fire issues are something that must be dealt with in a specific way when it comes to aviation due to the complex nature of the field. For fire issues, much study must be done into what is acceptable because weight, size, and other factors play a part in airliners."
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Air Cargo, 2004.
An analysis of the history of air cargo.
3,547 words (approx. 14.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 99.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an overview of aviation and air cargo development in past two centuries, outlining the most important and interesting events from the historical point of view that contribute to the modern concept of air cargo. The paper examines the development of air cargo as an economics sector in the United States and provides basic facts about the company that is associated with modern civil aviation and remains to be its leader for more than 50 years, Boeing. The paper presents recent air cargo statistics, describes the situation in this industry in other countries, and offers some facts about the most powerful air freights of modern time produced by America's main competitor, the former Soviet Union.
From the Paper
"In the era of globalization we can not imagine life without goods exchange, freight traffic and communication. Transportation and communication means guarantee the development of economics, its interaction with the rest of economical world community and simply form a part of modern civilization's infrastructure. Such progress was achieved only because of rapid technological and industrial growth which started only two centuries ago. The development of air cargo is tightly connected with the development of aviation as technology and as industry. Air cargo is one of the most popular applications of aviation achievements in modern world. That's why history of early air cargo is also related to history of aviation as moving objects by air was one of the oldest dreams of humanity."
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Air Canada vs. WestJet, 2004.
A strategic analysis and comparison between Air Canada and WestJet.
2,554 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
Two airlines, Air Canada and WestJet, are in a fierce battle for domestic market share. By analyzing their strategies, this paper seeks to answer the question of whether middle positioning is really a hindrance to growth within the industry. To this end, an overview of each company is presented. In addition, SWOT, PESTEL, and Porter's Five Forces analyses are provided for each company to help determine their strategic advantages and the choices they have made.
From the Paper
"Air Canada is known as the national airline of Canada. It is the dominant carrier in the country, serving approximately 150 destinations, primarily in Canada and the United States. Air Canada has a fleet of nearly 350 planes, which includes 130 regional aircraft ("Overview - ACE", 2005). The airline's expansion has come due to several strategies. Most importantly was its purchase of domestic rival, Canadian Airlines. In addition, it combined it numerous regional airlines: Air Nova, Air Ontario, AirBC, and Canadian Regional Airlines, to form one large regional carrier, Air Canada Jazz. In addition, Air Canada added two of its budget startups, Tango and ZIP, into its main operations. Lastly, in 2004, Air Canada emerged from bankruptcy protection, and created the new holding company structure, under ACE Aviation Holdings, Inc. ("Overview - ACE", 2005). Air Canada's direct competitors include: WestJet, AMR Corporation, British Airways, Air France, Alaska Air, Cathay Pacific, Continental Airlines, Delta Air, Japan Airlines, KLM, Korean Air, Northwest Airlines, SkyWest, and US Airways ("Competitors - ACE", 2005)."
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Air Safety Measures, 2004.
An analysis of the air disaster at Kegworth, United Kingdom.
734 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the air disaster when the British Midlands Flight 92, a Boeing 737-400, crashed on to the MI motorway, resulting in many deaths, injuries, and damage. The paper examines the subsequent evaluation of the disaster and the injuries sustained by the passengers, explaining that this led to an official compilation of 31 additional safety measures for aircraft and passenger safety.
From the Paper
"The air disaster at Kegworth, UK, occurred on January 8, 1989, at Leicestershire, close to Kegworth. What happened was that the British Midlands Flight 92, a Boeing 737-400, owned by Midland, crashed on to the MI Motorway, close to 'Kegworth'. There were 118 passengers aboard the flight, and 47 people died on the very spot of the crash, and 18 people died later at various hospitals. The eight crewmembers miraculously survived, and of the survivors, that numbered 79, about 5 people suffered minor injuries, while 74 persons were seriously injured, and fortunately, nobody who was on the motorway was hurt or even injured, and no vehicles were damaged. What happened was this: after the flight had taken off from Heathrow Airport, the plane was ascending to 28,000 feet when one engine of the plane suffered a 'turbine blade detachment', and the crew members mistakenly identified the engine number two as having suffered the damages, and not engine number one, and when the flight was diverted to East Midlands, it was assumed, quite naturally, that the it would be able to fly on the single undamaged engine until safety."
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Aircraft and Warfare, 2005.
A look at how aviation technology transformed the way warfare is conducted.
1,427 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper details the history and evolution of aviation and looks at how and why aviation technology was able to transform the way human warfare is conducted.
From the Paper
"In 1783 in Lyon, France, the Montgolfer brothers designed the first hot air balloon. Not initially designed for warfare purposes, the balloon nevertheless quickly made an impact on the French military and the ambitions of the government in demonstrating French military dominance, especially over their British enemies. Ten years after the Montgolfer brothers designed theirs, "L'Entrapremant" was launched, the first balloon used for military purposes. L'Entrapremant was initially used for observation only, but fascination with the new technology led to the eventual development of what was probably the world's first air force: the Compagnie d'Aeronautiers (French Aerostatic Corps) in March of 1794. The balloon corps proved to be far more than just an attractive, futuristic novelty. French victory at the Battle of Fleurus set the stage for what would become an all-out battle for aerial supremacy more than a century later. Before that, though, the Grand Armee of France used balloons to traverse the English Channel and intimidate their rivals using increasingly sophisticated military balloons named Celeste, Hercule, and Intrepide. Napoleon was for some reason not enamored with aviation technology and elected to dismantle the budding French air force, which would remain dormant for decades (Martin)."
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Frequent Flier Mileage Programs, 2005.
A look at the accounting issue regarding frequent flier mileage experienced at United Airlines.
1,573 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This essay involves collecting and summarizing research in regard to a specific company or industry that has experienced an accounting issue. The focus of the essay is United Airlines, but it could have been applied to any other major airline. The main research comes from the December 1991 story by Charles W. Taylor entitled, "Airline Accounting: AICPA versus FASB," which was in the December "CPA Journal Online". The paper incorporates an analysis of the company, industry, and the account issue with the author's personal opinion of the subject matter. A large portion of the paper focuses on the impact on investors and other stakeholders and also presents insights into the opinions of the article's author.
From the Paper
"One solution that has made investors and stakeholders very happy was for the airlines to offer frequent flier miles and other reduced fairs. United's frequent-flier program, Mileage Plus, grew significantly, due to the continued success of partnerships such as First USA Mileage Plus Visa and Master Card, MCI WorldCom and E*TRADE. Revenue from third-party mileage sales reached $107 million during the first quarter, representing an 18 percent increase over the same period last year. Recently, United and Safeway launched Grocery Miles -- the largest partnership between a national grocer and an airline -- which allows customers at nearly 1,300 U.S. stores to earn frequent-flier miles in United's Mileage Plus program for their grocery purchases. (PR News Wire, 2000) As bankruptcy looms, frequent flier miles have become a major topic of discussion. But these frequent flier miles were an accounting problem as far back as 1990 and 1991."
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United States Aviation Security, 2005.
Discusses the efforts made to improve aviation security since the 9/11 attacks and which areas still need improvement.
1,423 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the improved security measures that have been implemented in aviation security since the 9/11 terrorist attacks, as well as the unresolved security issues that remain regarding passenger safety and privacy. In particular, the paper looks at employee training, scanner accuracy, intrusiveness of scanners and human screeners, and the use of air marshals. The paper also includes suggestions for measures that would improve aviation security.
From the Paper
"A recent report by the United States Department for Homeland Security (Stone) argues that staff who operate airport security screening devices are not receiving sufficient training. The report also states that operators are not being trained to handle deadly weapons and are not trained on passenger rights. Screeners are not trained on how to read airline tickets, when to pat down passengers and how to search animals and their cages. Furthermore, a study by McCarley and colleagues showed that screeners identify more contraband items with greater experience (McCarley et al.), which further demonstrates the magnitude of this problem. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) is responsible for training airport security screeners. The TSA is currently examining employee training and states that modifications will soon follow."
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The Airline Industry and African-Americans, 2004.
This paper discusses the outlook within the airline industry regarding the job prospects for African-Americans and the overall future of the airline industry.
1,965 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses two problems that the airline industry faces: the lack of representation of African-Americans within the air industry and the shrinking overall outlook for the industry as a whole. The author stresses that the airline industry must turn to groups representing minority interests within the industry, such as the Organization of Black Airline Pilots (OBAP), which remains committed to increasing the representation of blacks in all spheres of the aviation industry, federal and commercial, and in management as well. The paper suggests that, even though there are objections, greater government intervention may be necessary to re-regulate the industry by instituting price controls, rationing fuel at airports, controlling the airports, and bringing in the Equal Opportunity Commission.
Table of Contents
Introduction and Project Objectives
Methodology for Addressing Problem
Strategy for Obtaining Input and Support
Project Plan with Timelines and Deliverables
From the Paper
"In the past, ?Fly the friendly skies,? the famous and infamous Delta Airlines advertisement used to proclaim to viewers everywhere. But friendly to whom, African American job seekers and consumers could have demanded of the smiling Delta personnel on the ground and in the air, as depicted in the ads when they first ran in the 1970s and 1980s. The customers and the airline personnel alike in the advertisements were largely white, middle-class, and homogeneous in their appearances and depicted lifestyles. If women appeared in these ads in a professional capacity, they appeared as smiling and attractive stewardesses. This was, sadly reflective of the real-life airline industry in general at the time."
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The "Challenger" Launch Decision, 2004.
This paper evaluates, by reviewing individual journal articles, the correctness of Joe Kilminster?s decision to launch the ?Challenger? space ship on its mission, which ended in disaster.
2,745 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that NASA managers were informed, adequately and promptly, about the unsuitability of the approved design of shuttle rocket boosters when used under temperatures below 40 F per the contract signed with Morton-Thiokol; but NASA authorities were subject to severe economic and political pressures and schedule backlogs. The author states that, instead of upholding his superior?s decision, his fellow professionals? technical findings and recommendations, and observing his profession?s code of ethics, Joe Kilminster subjected himself to the pressure of NASA and recommended the launch, despite the negative input of his engineers. The paper concludes that Kilminster is morally accountable and culpable for the disaster, directly risking the lives of seven persons by ignoring his own knowledge as an expert engineer and the strong recommendations of his subordinate professionals
Table of Contents
Introduction
Review of Literature
M. M. Jennings, ?Summary of the Challenger Episode?
Gordon Stubley, ?Engineer and Integrity?
Diane Vaughan, ?The Challenger Launch Decision?
National Society of Professional Engineers, ?Code of Ethics for Engineers?
Texas A & M University, Departments of Philosophy and of Mechanical Engineering, ?The Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster?
Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations
From the Paper
"Joe Kilminster, an engineer, and the Vice President or Space Booster Programs at Thiokol, was one of four management signatories who approved the launch and the author of the written recommendation that it was all right for the shuttle to fly. Thiokol?s contract with the NASA provided that shuttles with boosters, like the Challenger, would function properly only within the range of 40 to 90 F. Its engineers also formalized their objection to such launch the day before the disaster."
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Airline Pilots and Retirement, 2005.
A discussion of the issue of commercial airline pilots and mandatory retirement.
3,078 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the aviation industry forces its pilots to retire at a certain age because of the belief that older pilots will be less able to do the job well. This paper investigates the validity of these claims. The writer asks the following questions: Are commercial airline pilots really a special case? Are these highly trained professionals really so afflicted with issues of ill health and poor performance as they enter their "golden years?" If this is so, then there must be facts and figures to support the case. If not, then we are dealing simply with a matter of a prejudice that must be combated.
Outline
Introduction
Literature Review
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The commercial aviation industry's current mandatory retirement age of sixty is based directly on FAA regulations. The FAA, like so many other government agencies, has as its primary purpose ensuring the safety and well-being of the general public. Its regulations are supposed to be based on clear, scientific evidence. If the FAA says it is not allowed, then one can assume that there is sufficient data to support the position that such and such an action would be dangerous. Yet in the case of the mandatory retirement requirement, the situation is not so simple. In fact it may even be said, that the current regulation, which was promulgated in 1959, was the result not of careful scientific inquiry, but of corporate pressure."
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