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Aging Theories, 1994.
An examination of the biological clock, immunological, DNA damage and other cellular component theories.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Theories of Aging
The aging process may vary considerably both between individuals and among different species. Over the years, innumerable theories have been proposed in an attempt to explain this phenomenon. While none of these theories conclusively defines the physiological mechanisms of aging, many do seem plausible. Of the mammalian species, the human life span is greatest. In fact, in recent decades, entire populations of humans have been increasing in average age. This shift in age distributions has occurred primarily in the world's developed countries. Undoubtedly, such change will one day have implications for health care providers. In nursing, for example, a re.evaluation of health care priorities could become necessary. The term, "senescence," can be defined as a "decline in the..."
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Senile Dementia, 1994.
A definition, psychological and behavioral symptoms, prognosis and psychogeriatric care.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
" enile Dementia
As people have begun to live longer, there has been a corresponding increase in the prevalence of chronic illnesses associated with old age. One disease which occurs among the elderly is dementia. This highly variable syndrome is primarily characterized by mental deterioration. In addition though, it may also present with a concomitant decline in patients' general physical functioning. One particular dementia, senile dementia of the Alzheimer type, mainly involves diminished cognitive capacity. The prognosis for different dementia patients varies depending on numerous factors. Treatment should generally occur through a multidisciplinary, team approach. Such a therapeutic framework facilitates the nurse's ability to deliver effective health care. "
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Suicide among Elderly, 1993.
Looks at incidence, causes, religion, at-risk individuals, family issues, Alzheimer's disease, stress and grief; analyzes the case study of Ernest Hemingway.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 15 sources, $ 119.95
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"INTRODUCTION
The aging process for many includes physical or mental deterioration which can place considerable strain on both the individual and his or her life partner, who now has to contend not only with his or her own diminished function because of aging but also must take on a new role as caretaker. The result for the caretaker-partner is increased tension and stress at a time of life when stress should be reduced, and this stress can itself contribute to the physical and psychological problems of the elderly leading to impaired function, increased deterioration, and even suicide. How well an individual does in his or her new role as the partner deteriorates will depend on that individual's own reserve of inner strength and what sorts of external support they receive from family and community."
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Old Age and Human Development, 1993.
A look at the nature of aging including problems, needs, theories, cultural aspects, gender and heredity.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 9 sources, $ 63.95
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"Human Development and the Elderly
People should not flinch at the words "aging," "elderly," or "old," but in the present American society they do. In actuality, growing older is a fact of life and can be viewed as a time of full flowering, as predictable in its stages of change as that of the infant. Many people are afraid of the final stage of life and tend to avoid dealing with it, but this is wrong, and this modern, clumsy patterned should be changed (Donavin, 1990, p. viii). Some human development theorists have discussed ideas and research concerning the stages of growth in the final era of life, and it is the purpose of this paper to summarize those concepts.
Daniel Levinson's famous work, The Seasons of a Man's Life, summarizes the lives of forty men as they moved through the..."
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Women and Aging, 1993.
A sociological analysis including gender bias, role restrictions, caregiving stereotype, economics and relationships.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 9 sources, $ 47.95
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"Women and Aging: A Sociological Perspective
Women growing old in America today face a variety of issues and challenges. In fact, the needs of today's older woman have received increased attention in the media and in the halls of Congress. Yet, who are today's older women? Is there really a single definition of women growing old today? Are there differences within this group, and how do these differences account for the varying experiences known to old women? It is the purpose of this paper to answer some of these questions and, in particular, to explore ways in which aging women are affected by gender-specific concerns, demographic, economic, and physiological changes in late life.
Some of the experiences of the later stages of life are influenced by gender. According to Lou Glasse, researchers and..."
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Aging and Physical and Mental Deterioration, 1993.
Assesses the factors contributing to the under-utilization of social, health and other types of public centers meant to assist the elderly with their problems.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 9 sources, $ 31.95
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From the Paper
"The process of aging brings with it a variety of physical, emotional, psychological, and social changes with which the individual must cope. There are a number of social, health, and other types of public centers in operation to assist the elderly with their problems, but it is difficult to get people to come to these centers and avail themselves of the services offered. A number of factors can be cited to explain why this is so, from bouts of depression to the inability of certain people to care for themselves because of Alzheimer's or other physical or mental problems.
The aging process for many includes physical or mental deterioration which can place considerable strain on the life partner, who now has to contend not only with his or her own diminished function because of aging but also must take on a new role ..."
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The Aging Brain and Disease, 1993.
Presents effects of aging on the brain, discussing neural loss, neural shrinkage and structural and chemical changes that take place.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 31.95
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"One of the ironies of growing older is that just as one begins to acquire wisdom, senility may also be setting in. Most experts seem to agree that many of us will experience noticeable mental decline by age 65. After age 50 some important areas of the brain lose considerable numbers of neurons (Selkoe, 1992). But it is not clear how such alterations in size and density relate to mental function, or whether these or other organic shifts influence the rate of cognitive decline. However, by the age of 65-74, 3% of the population have some cognitive impairment and by 85, nearly half may be demented (Hachinski, 1992).
Some of the more specific , non-disease, changes in the brain have been studied and summarized by Selkoe (1992). He states that structural and chemical modifications that typify the aging brain become apparent in late middle life, in the 50s and ..."
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Hormone Replacement Therapy, 1992.
Reviews 10 scholarly articles on menopause treatment.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 10 sources, $ 55.95
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"This study will review ten articles on hormone replacement therapy following menopause, which is associated with age-related changes in the reproductive system and efforts to control the effects of those changes.
Robert Berne and Matthew Levy write in "Hormonal Patterns During the Menstrual Cycle" that there are three phases in the menstrual cycle --- the follicular phase, the ovulatory phase, and the luteal phase --- and that these phases and the entire menstrual cycle are regulated by gonadal steroid hormone production.
When menopause sets in, these hormones are not produced in the same way or at the same rate. The question asked by Berne and Levy in the middle of their paper focuses on what causes and regulates the primary "surge" of hormones and the ovulation which ..."
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Defined Benefit vs. Defined Contribution, 1992.
Compares pension plans, advantages and disadvantages, as well as employee and employer views.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Until the late 1800s, employees provided their services to their employers for a fixed wage with little or no other available compensation. Retirement planning was a mixture of savings and dependence on younger family members. By the end of the nineteenth century, that situation was changing. Railroads, banks and utilities began to provide retirement benefits to employees who had worked for the companies for a number of years, and employees began to consider those benefits as part of a larger compensation package. Initially, most employers set up defined benefit plans; the latter half of this century has seen the rise of defined contribution plans, as well. By 1987, more than 40 million American workers were covered by more than 232,000 defined benefit plans with assets of almost 900 billion dollars (Seburn, 16). This research examines the two prominent types ..."
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Discrimination in the Workplace, 1992.
Discusses sexism, racism, anti-gay bias and ageism.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 12 sources, $ 47.95
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"This paper will be concerned with discrimination in the workplace. Work discrimination can take the form of sexism, racism, ageism, or prejudice against gays. The threat of AIDS has caused an increase in anti-gay discrimination in recent years. Nevertheless, progress has also been made toward the elimination of job discrimination in all its forms.
Sexism is one of the most visible forms of discrimination in the workplace. many organizations are aware of this fact and thus try to seek solutions to the problem. Unfortunately, these efforts are often less than successful. For example, although the financial firms on Wall Street have established a recent campaign to "curb office sexism," the professional women who work in that environment must face "subtle discrimination" every day (Cohen, Power & Siconolfi, 1991, p. Al). In this regard, the ..."
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"Living and Dying at Murray Manor" (Jaber F. Gubrium), 1992.
Describes nursing home operations and examines structure, power, labor, staffing, daily life, socialization and expectations.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 1 source, $ 55.95
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"This study will describe "Murray Manor," the nursing home depicted in Jaber F. Gubrium's Living and Dying at Murray Manor, as a society.
The world of Murray Manor is a tightly structured one in its more objective features (power allocation, division of labor, etc.). One of the most important elements of the power exercised by the staff at the home --- especially the top staff---is the power to define reality. Reality in the home is focused on the success or failure of the staff to perform its work effectively.
In other words, when there is a problem with the operation of the home, the fault is never with the system, but with the people. The power that otherwise might be used to change the system, then, is used instead to adjust the human operations in increments, hiring and firing, etc. The basic problems of the ..."
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"Vitality and Aging" by James Frioes and Lawrence Crapo, 1992.
A critical review of the work on major aging issues and the impact on future health care policy.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, $ 47.95
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"As America's population grows older, more and more attention is going to be paid to the aging process. Issues such as prolonging life, quality of life, living wills, forced retirement, and suicide are now being confronted and debated in relation to how best to age in today's world. In addition, the search for the "fountain of youth" will keep research laboratories, psychics and other fringe elements working at a frenzied pace to be the first to bottle the magic potion. Authors and physicians James F. Fries and Lawrence M. Crapo in Vitality and Aging tackle the subject of aging in a new and different approach, presenting not only conclusive evidence of man's fixed life span but visions of a future society built around the "rectangular curve" of aging and dying. The purpose of this paper will be to review Fries' and Crapo's book..."
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Depression and Suicide of the Elderly, 1992.
A look at the definitions, causes (ageism, physical problems, sexuality, isolation) and treatment.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 11 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Introduction
The purpose of this paper is to examine the literature on depression and suicide in elderly populations. To this end, the review defines depression and discusses contributive factors that can lead to suicide. Incidence rates are reported and treatment interventions are discussed.
Depression and Suicide in Elderly Populations
Dworetzky (1985) defines depression as:
A feeling of sadness and sometimes total apathy. Guilt or inability to cope with problems, frustrations, or conflict is often behind depression. It may be influenced by chemical imbalances in the brain as well. (p.470)
In DSM III (1980), the American Psychiatric Association..."
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Geriatric Nutrition, 1991.
This paper discusses geriatric nutrition, age-related changes and dietary needs: Adequate intake, proteins, carbohydrates, fats/lipids, vitamins/minerals, water/fiber and diabetics.
4,725 words (approx. 18.9 pages), 18 sources, $ 135.95
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"There have been many researchers who have indicated that nutritional practices among the elderly both affect the aging process and are, in turn, affected by same. ... reports that nutrition may interact with the aging process in three important ways. Foremost is that most tissue functions tend to decrease during adult life, with nutrition and other intervening variables tending to somewhat ameliorate this age-related loss of tissue substance and function. Second, the frequency of many chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer, increases with advancing age and evidences the highest frequency for those aged individuals falling between 50 and 90."
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Marketing and The Elderly, 1991.
This paper examines selected demographic and marketing information on the elderly population in the United States: Income, assets, population and spending. Tables.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"This research develops selected demographic and marketing information on the elderly population in the United States. For purposes of this research, elderly is defined as age 50 and older; however, the principal focus, where possible, is on the 65-74 year old age group.
Income
With respect to income levels of the elderly, the areas of interest are (1) household income, and (2) individual disposable income. Data pertaining to these factors are presented in the discussions which follow.
Household Income
Household income data for those persons aged 50 and older ... "
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