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Terminal Dehydration, 2002.
This paper reviews the article "Voluntary Death: A Comparison of Terminal Dehydration and Physician-Assisted Suicide" by Franklin G. Miller and Diane E. Meier.
940 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper presents the pro's and con's of terminal dehydration, the total withdrawal of food, water and treatment methods from the patient that hastens his death. The author points out that terminal dehydration may prove to be a stressful and excruciating experience for the patient as well as the caregivers because death by terminal dehydration can take as much as 3 to 4 weeks and is crueler than physician-assisted suicide. The author believes that whatever the reasoning we still cannot justify terminal dehydration or any other form of foregoing life as an acceptable clinical practice and stresses the importance of palliative care based on love and a sense of collective responsibility of taking care of the incapacitated elders.
From the Paper
"Since it is within the legitimate rights of the patient to either refuse or accept treatment, terminal dehydration is legally admissible. Hence, there are no real legal conflicts or controversies involved in terminal dehydration. On the other hand, it is a breach of the fundamental rights of the patient and a compromise on his autonomy to coerce him to undergo painful, restrictive and intrusive treatment methods. However, we have to understand that the absence of legal restrictions does not suggest an automatic approval of terminal dehydration as an acceptable clinical practice. In other words, terminal dehydration is not absolved of the ethical and moral controversies which surround other active forms of euthanasia."
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Women and Retirement, 2002.
Examines the growing fiscal health problem many women face upon retirement.
3,775 words (approx. 15.1 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 103.95
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Abstract
Recent reports highlight how the gender gap in wages affects women's retirement as well. According to a report from the Women's Institute for a Secure Retirement (WISER), older women are twice as likely as men to be poor after retiring. Compared to their male counterparts, older women have to make do with less Social Security benefits, fewer and smaller pensions and less individual savings. This paper examines the growing fiscal health problem many women face upon retirement. Instead of having a nest egg to live upon, many women face the real possibility of poverty, even after retiring from a lifetime of hard work.
The first part of the paper presents a general picture of the fiscal resources available to and problems faced by women upon their retirement. In addition to this general picture, the paper pays special attention to the problems faced by minorities like Hispanic and African-American women. The next part of the paper looks at the factors behind these problems, such as divorce, widowhood and women's care- giving duties. The main factor behind many women's inability to save for retirement, however, remains the gender gap that continues to plague much of the working world. The third part of the paper thus explores the effects of gender on the pay scales of men and women across disparate fields, from academia to management to blue-collar operations. It also looks at how these unequal pay scales continue, despite legislation that mandates equity in pay. The fourth part of the paper examines the link between the gender gap in wages to the phenomenon of women's poverty upon retirement. It shows how pay inequity means that women work more, earn less and as a result, often have less money for their retirement. Finally, the paper looks at the steps women can take to address these issues and prepare for their retirement.
From the Paper
"In a study of wage differentials across the service professions, Margaret Gibelman found that the median salary for both sexes is higher in service occupations that are predominantly male, such as construction and surveying. Conversely, the mean wages for both sexes is significantly lower in occupations where women comprise more than 75 percent of the workforce, such as nursing and receptionists (Gibelman). Gibelman's study implies that women suffer from two forms of discrimination in the service and sales industries. First is discrimination on an individual level, where women get paid less than their male counterparts for the same work. Second, there is a marked discrimination against occupations that have a large female employee base and could therefore be labeled as "women's occupations." It is difficult to make comparisons between occupations like cashiers, 90 percent of whom are women, and janitors, 70 percent of whom are men. However, the fact remains that even male-dominated professions that utilize unskilled labor generally still command higher median incomes."
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Depression in Old-Age, 2002.
Discusses the myth that most elderly individuals suffer from depression, disillusionment and lack of well-being.
1,588 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
While it is true that a greater proportion of individuals in nursing homes have depression than the general population, the majority of these individuals are over 80 and experience chronic illness and pain. In addition, many of them have lost their loved ones and are alone most of the day. This paper discusses the factors which lead to the popular belief that depression and lack of well-being affect anybody over the age of 65. Some of the factors discussed include media attention on the negative aspects of aging, the focus on youth and beauty and general stereotyping. The paper also looks at several studies done on the myth about a clear-cut link between growing old and losing one's sense of well-being. The paper concludes that depression and despondency are not preset characteristics of all aging individuals. Rather, they are symptoms of other problems such as boredom, economic or social disadvantage or chronic illness.
From the Paper
"Lucille B. Bearon, Ph.D. recommends that a two-tiered approach to defining successful aging (one for healthy older adults and one for the frail) more accurately fits the realities of aging. As the older population increases in diversity, the concept of successful aging may become even more difficult to define without expanding the number of models. One solution may be to return to an earlier theme that successful aging is in the eye of the beholder. In this case, successful aging is measured by indicators of subjective well-being such as life satisfaction, happiness, morale, perceived quality of life or other related measures of negativity such as depression, anxiety, etc."
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Employee Retention, 2002.
Examines the problem of employee retention in a long-term care facility.
5,133 words (approx. 20.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 128.95
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Abstract
Using the example of Silver Falls Long-Term Care Facility, the paper discusses what can be done to reduce the alarming statistic for the annual turnover of nursing aides which is above 100%. The paper examines the facility and its management staff and gives an overview of the job description of a nursing aide. The paper then details some of the reasons for the high turnover percentage, including lack of mental stimulation, long hours, low pay and personal conflicts within the work-place. Finally, the paper offers solutions for this problem such as benefit packages, tuition reimbursement plans and higher wages.
From the Paper
"Onsite training both helps and hurts the retention in the facility, as we are not allowed to require nursing assistants to work for us for any amount of time based on the completion of the course work. For this, reason our facility as well as the other facilities. are often seen as a first step into the industry rather than a place to continue employment. Yet, the benefits of direct training outweigh any cost associated with loss of employees. The goal is to develop the education program to such a degree that it offers real answers to the real challenge of the industry and expresses the commitment of the organization to employee retention and benefits."
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Female Sexuality, 2002.
Examines many of the aspects of female sexuality including female sexual identity, sexuality and aging and female sexual dysfunction.
2,950 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 25 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews several articles discussing female sexuality. It reviews articles on what female sexuality is, what is involved in the sexuality of females, what helps aide in feminine sexuality and what hinders a women's sexuality. The paper looks at some of the problems associated with women's sexuality and whether these are perceived, physical, or medical problems. Finally,it examine how women see their own sexuality.
From the Paper
"Before the advent of the "sexual revolution" in the 1960s the subject of female sexuality was considered taboo in so called polite society. Discussion of sexuality by females was viewed as an aberration. Women were taught and told that the normal reaction of women towards sexual intercourse was that they generally did not feel any physical or emotional pleasure from it. Sex was a means to an end; by performing their wifely duty to please their mates women were subjugated to the role of baby maker. This severe repression of female sexuality and its total submission to reproductive functions determined the limits of knowledge for untold generations of women (Gomex 1995)."
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Financing Long Term Care, 2002.
This paper discusses that the United States most develop an adequate system for long-term care to meet the long-term care needs of an aging population.
2,735 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper states that concerns about anticipated demographic changes are escalating the financing problem of long-term care for the elderly. The author relates that nursing home care costs can average approximately fifty-five thousand dollars annually per person with many nursing home residents paying the bulk of the rates out of their own pockets. The author believes that a legitimate solution to resolve the problem is to go to a single payer national health insurance program, a single government fund within each state, which pays hospitals, physicians and other health care providers.
From the Paper
"Some alternative financing options for long-term care financing can emerge from homeownership but the financial industry has to agree that there is a viable reason in pursuing these options. For example, the public in recent years has pursued the home equity conversions but banks have made these instruments remain limited. In the case of fixed-term reverse mortgages, which I discussed earlier, the lending institutions have shown a reluctance to enter into these nontraditional relationships. "The banking industry may have considered the fact that in the situation of where the elderly live longer than expected, it may force the financial institutions to foreclose or postpone claiming their assets. Banks do not like waiting to be repaid, and foreclosing on elderly widows conjures up the worst image of bankers. Neither option is attractive to the financial community." "
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Aging, 2002.
This paper points out the many problems of the aging population.
835 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper states that the United States will be seeing a dramatic increase in the elderly population as the "baby boomer" generation reaches retirement age. The paper explains that there is no evidence to show that the brain begins to show signs of wear in old age thus resulting in mental illness. The author concludes that the cost of medical care is a major problem for most older people.
From the Paper
"Not all people age at the same rate. While living 65 years or longer may give a person a greater probability of contracting a debilitating, chronic disease, old age does not cause chronic illness. Living a great number of years just increases the probability of contracting one. It is necessary to distinguish what can be considered normal wear and tear on the body, or the natural result of aging."
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"Number Our Days" by Barbara Myerhoff, 2002.
This paper looks at the book "Number Our Days", a work the writer describes as an example of urban anthropology.
1,023 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the book which was written by a participant-observer of the culture surrounding a Jewish Senior Citizen Center in California. The paper shows that the novel depicts life in the Jewish ghetto for the men and women, most of them in their eighties or nineties.
From the Paper
"The Center is located near the beach in an urban California area. At one time it was in the heart of a thriving Jewish community, but the neighborhood has changed drastically, particularly in the last ten years before the research for the book was begun. Because of the age and physical condition of the members, as well as the downward trend in the socioeconomic status of the surrounding area, the Center is constantly threatened with extinction. This is one of the reasons that the author was so anxious to do this particular fieldwork."
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Alzheimer's Disease: Not Just Loss of Memory, 2002.
This paper looks at Alzheimer's disease, discussing the history, symptoms, diagnosis and hopes of a cure for the disorder.
2,055 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This disease produces a full blown dementia in its patients and affects millions of people and their families. The paper looks closely at the disease and the ways in which individuals and the medical establishment are treating it. Finally, the writer looks at the current research that is looking into fighting the debilitating effects of the disease.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
History
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Current Research
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The progression of the disease is classified into three phases: forgetfulness, confusional and dementia. The forgetfulness phase is the first stage and is characterized by a loss of short term memory. Patients in the phase will often have trouble remembering names of well known people and misplace items on a regular basis. This stage also may include behavioral changes. A loss of spontaneity and social withdrawal often occur as the individual begins to be aware that there is something inherently wrong. Speech problems and difficulty with comprehension may also appear. Cleary, it is difficult to distinguish this patient from normal everyday people or people with other disorders."
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The Case Against Medicare Prescription Coverage, 2002.
This paper looks at Medicare from its inception and studies the trouble it faces today.
1,618 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
Medicare was established to provide health insurance to Americans 65 years or older. The paper looks at the way in which it was created and the ways in which it is suffering. The writer uses sources to argue that congressional budget cuts are leaving Medicare with little hope of providing the necessary service to its target population.
From the Paper
"Health insurance was made more available and more affordable due to governmental tax credits given employers providing this benefit to their employees. While this subsidy increased availability, it also drove up the cost of medical care for everyone. It was at this time that the plight of the elderly, the least able to bear increases in an area that impacted them more than any other group in the society, was brought to the forefront."
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Psychotherapy with Elder Patients, 2002.
Examining the effectiveness of psychotherapy in elderly patients.
1,951 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an examination of psychotherapy with elderly patients in nursing homes. The writer explores the issues of confidentiality, cognitive understanding and the benefits of therapy for the elderly. It asks whether this form of treatment is necessary and effective and if the age of the patients presents a barrier.
From the Paper
"Advances in medical science now allow people to live longer than ever before. With the longevity however, comes a higher incidence of several things including the need for nursing home care, the need for mental health services and the need for a combination of them both. Nationwide, nursing homes are filled to and beyond capacity, which often translates to understaffing of employees. The elderly population of the United States, particularly those in nursing homes is often overlooked when it comes to mental health issues. Many times symptoms are attributed to the aging process, if they are noticed at all by a harried staff member who takes a cursory sweep through the patient's inpatient records and compares them to the patient's present state of mind. The need for psychotherapy in the elderly population has historically been ignored or overlooked. However, recent studies had attention have place a focus on the need for mental health care in the elderly, including those who reside in nursing homes."
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Healthy Lifestyles, 2002.
A discussion of why health, behavior and a good working knowledge of both are essential to our ability to live and be fulfilled.
720 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the necessity of balancing work life and striving toward harmony between the body, mind and spirit in order to fulfil our destiny. It evaluates how people from all spectrums of life experience and need to have stimulated: intellectual health, physical health, spiritual health, social health and emotional health, all of which are unifying human factors that bring us all closer together and force us to be who we are. It looks at some of these factors and shows how a healthy lifestyle leads to happiness, longevity and freedom from disease.
From the Paper
"Our lives are, at best, a confusing mess of change, reaction, need, elation, excitement, and every other emotional shift and experience we can imagine. Some lives are relatively stable, others ride rollercoasters so large they make participants in the X-Games seem like they're jumping rope. There are things, however, that people from both spectrums of life experience and need to have stimulated: intellectual health, physical health, spiritual health, social health, and emotional health. These are unifying human factors that bring us all closer together and force us to be who we are. All of us, regardless of how apathetic, engage in activities that on one level or another satisfy the needs in these arenas."
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The Abuse of the Elderly, 2002.
A paper which takes a look at one of society's ugliest problems, the abuse of the elderly by health care workers.
2,117 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the many forms of abuse which take place against the some of the most vulnerable members of society - the elderly. It discusses the issues of neglect, physical and sexual abuse, as well as violation of basic rights such as proper healthcare and nutrition. The paper explores solutions for these types of abuse such as prevention and rest home quality management in the form of risk management/control teams whose jobs it will be to keep track and attempt to prevent all forms of abuse.
From the Paper
"Another large chunk of abuse cases arise from self-neglect. As stated earlier, as much as 50% of abuse cases are cases of self neglect. There are several tricky issues with this case. For example, if an elder adult is capable of making the decision not to take care of himself/herself, is it really neglect. People have the right to refuse treatments, and pretty much do whatever they want to do in terms of care for their own bodies. How should the staff deal with this? The first step is to report the problem to joint personnel. Documenting the problems, informing family and friends of the problems, etc, can save the hospital from liability. More importantly, perhaps a friend or a family member can talk the elder into taking better care of himself/herself. It also needs to be determined if the person is indeed capable of making such decisions for himself/herself. Again, many people come into play here, like the psychiatric department and the pharmaceutical department, under the heading of the risk management, to determine the general health of the patient, and what can be done."
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Professional and Personal Growth, 2002.
This paper is a descriptive essay discussing the author's professional and personal growth.
2,280 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the author's decision to return to college in middle age. The essay looks at the brand new start at college, the process of learning and personal, professional and educational goals. The author describes his reasons behinds each decision and how these decisions have affected him.
From the Paper
"Returning to college was a big decision. There were many challenges ahead. One needed to plan all carefully in the goal-setting paper. Most of all, the struggle throughout the personal search during the program was a big obligation to perform.
Just like someone who decided to make a turn on a drive route, taking a second chance in the education might not be everyone's choice to make a leap for the future. It applied especially for one who was in the senior age, who had gone through the best and the worst part of life and was supposed to do harvesting from his or her early workforce day."
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Alzheimer's Disease, 2002.
A study of the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and congestive heart failure.
1,270 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the major points in understanding the link between Alzheimer's disease and congestive heart failure. The paper describes the discovery and prognosis of both diseases separately and then illustrates the correlation between the two. It describes the common risk factors of hypertension and dementia.
Table of Contents:
About Alzheimer 's Disease
About Congestive Heart Failure
Correlation between Alzheimer's and CHD
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Alzheimer's disease progresses at various different rates. The duration of the illness could vary from 3 to 20 years. The areas of the brain that control memory and thinking skills are hindered first, but as the disease gets worse, cell die in other regions of the brain. Eventually, most Alzheimer's victims will need complete care. Even if an individual has no other serious illness, the loss of brain function on its own will cause death."
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