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Women's Sports Literature, 2005.
A study of the intersection of literature and women's sport experience.
3,941 words (approx. 15.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 107.95
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Abstract
This paper is a study about how sports in literature reflects a dominant male perspective and why women's experiences in sport should be included in the curriculum of schools.
From the Paper
"When I first read the call for papers about literature as a force for understanding or equipment for living, I recalled my own intersection with literature. For isn't the reader experience with text the initial sounding board? The ground zero for literature experience? And isn't our experience with literature a method of transference? So I couldn't help but wonder how influential my interpretation of what I read when I was young led to real life experiences, indeed life-altering experiences, as I grew up. Was I enacting my favorite characters or was I re-inventing myself, or is there a difference? Does what we read shape our vision of who we might become? If that is the case, then there is strong rationale for including sports stories about girls and women in school curriculum."
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Drug Use Among Athletes, 2005.
This is a persuasive essay on the controversial issue pertaining to performance-enhancing drug use among athletes.
1,500 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper looks upon key issues society faces with the issue of athletes using performance-enhancing drugs. The paper argues that it is cheating when an athlete uses shortcuts to achievement when using performance-enhancers. It concludes that the wrong message is sent to our youth.
From the Paper
"What if an athlete could ingest a chemical that would help him or her win an Olympic medal? There may or may not be a lot of responses to this question. Put it in another way maybe there would be more response. What if one of your classmates could brew up a concoction that would allow him or her to come up with academic papers with little or no work involved? Would this be fair? What kind of academic example would this be setting? Athletes who use performance-enhancing drugs are not only cheating, they are being bad examples."
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James Naismith and The History of Basketball, 2005.
Traces the creation of the game basketball through the life story of its founder, Dr. James Naismith.
5,050 words (approx. 20.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 127.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed look as to how Dr. James Naismith, Canadian theologian and teacher, created the game of basketball. The paper examines the influence he got from the game as a young child up until him experimenting with the early game in his capacity as gym teacher in the early 1900's.
From the Paper
"After the practice, the captain approached James and asked if he would play in the team's next game against Queen's University. James accepted and for seven years James played without missing a single game. Even though, at that time, football was viewed as a tool of the devil, Dr. Naismith enjoyed it enough to block negative feelings expressed by fellow theology students."
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Athletes and Performance-Enhancing Drugs, 2004.
Shows that many athletes take performance-enhancing drugs to have an unfair advantage and examines how this effects their younger fans.
1,443 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that by glamorizing professional and amateur sports-people and their achievements or abilities, the media directly affects children and encourages performance-enhancing drug use. The paper shows that authorities need to encourage sufficient funding to enable research and provide testing in all regulated sports in order to put fair play back into sports.
From the Paper
"According to Tokish, Kocher and Hawkins (2004), there is a "potent marketing influence" on athletes to use performance-enhancing drugs. Whether or not they really work is not important - if there's a possibility that they'll work, that's a good enough reason for many athletes to take them. If by chance they are dangerous to take, and at this point in time the research just does not exist to refute the possibility, that is a chance they will take."
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Nike's Acquisition of Converse, 2003.
Examines why Nike's recent acquisition of Converse strengthens their competition against the likes of Reebok, Adidas, and Puma.
1,680 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This essay shows that Nike's acquisition of Converse increases Nike's competitiveness as they increase their overall market share through entering the 'retro'-style sports fashion market segment with an established brand, Converse, without damaging the positioning of Nike as an ultramodern technology sports brand. The paper explains that compared to Adidas, Reebok and Puma which may weaken their core positioning by their brand extension strategy, Nike will keep leadership in sports without leaving the 'retro' shoe market to their competitors.
1. Introduction
2. Why Does Nike's Recent Acquisition of Converse Strengthens its Competition?
2.1 Market Segmentation
2.2 Brand Strategy
3. Risks
4. Conclusion
5. Reference List
From the Paper
"Nike is the largest sports goods manufacturer in the world. For reason of simplification this essay concentrates on the sports shoe market only. The word "Nike" is used for both, the "Nike company" as well as for the "Nike brand".
Nike, as market leader, is especially known for its ultramodern, technology driven sports shoes serving under its corporate brand "Nike" the various sports categories: e.g. "Nike Basketball, Nike Running, Nike Tennis, Nike Golf" (Nike.com, 2003) with the 'best for athletes' image. This strategy is underlined by Nike's top sport star endorsements such as Tiger Woods, Andre Agassi, James LeBron etc.
The main competitors in sports shoes as well as in the other sports goods categories of Nike are Adidas, Reebok and Puma.
Converse, a relatively small sports shoe manufacturer, however with a long, 90 years' tradition is particularly famous for its 'Chuck Taylor Allstar', the first basketball shoe ever."
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College Athletes, 2005.
An analysis of whether college athletes should be paid to play their sports.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of whether college athletes should be paid to play their sports. Included in this paper are interviews from numerous college athletes. The paper contends that college athletes should not be paid to play their respective sport for the simple reason that their current incentive package is more than enough payment for the job that they do. Scholarships, housing, plus the potential income that comes with a college degree are more than adequate payment for college athletes.
From the Paper
"It seems that with every new year comes a plethora of new hot topics which overrun the news and dominate the print media. This year being no different, college athletes have become the target of many an ambitious sports analyst and have become the object of affection for numbers of respected penmen. With the recent explosion in the popularity of intercollegiate athletics, the question is being raised over whether or not the actual athletes who participate in these high stakes contests should receive a piece of the profit. High revenue athletes at the college level receive a scholarship, an opportunity, and so much more. To suggest that what they receive is not enough would be pure lunacy."
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Problem Solving in Public Administration, 2005.
A look at how to solve the stadium subsidies issue between owners and the local government.
2,744 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using taxpayer money for non-public purposes such as the construction of sporting facilities by for-profit franchises and organizations. It examines how professional team owners and local governments can potentially work together to build stadiums without burdening the taxpayers.
Outline
Introduction to Issue
Fact Finding
Problem Finding
Idea Finding
Solution Finding Acceptance Finding
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"All over the country sports teams are lobbying local governments and their constituents for tax dollars to build new stadiums. In return, the owners are promising better teams and additional revenue for the city based on higher ticket sales by bringing a championship to town. This issue has been hotly debated with no overwhelming conclusion that the stadiums benefit a community in any way. But does this mean we should not build new stadiums? The problem is that professional sports have become very big business, with the costs of franchises increasing and a corresponding need to position a team in a stadium that is state-of-the-art in terms of size, amenities, and profit maximization via skybox sales. "
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A New Football Stadium for Guildford, 2005.
A contemporary planning issue for Guildford, England and a proposal for a new football stadium.
2,421 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the wider issues of interaction between public, planning and politics and views the interaction of the three within the context a controversial development proposal - plans for a new football stadium in Guildford. The main inputs from politicians, the people and the planning system are discussed at various stages at the planning process.
From the Paper
"Guildford is a town that has seen the relative decline of its football abilities. The application was made as a direct response to the wish of AFC Guildford to progress to the Nationwide Conference League. The club currently play on the pitch at the centre of the running track at the Spectrum Leisure Centre. The track however is not capable of being upgraded to the requirements of the Conference football league. There is an area of green land adjacent to the Spectrum Leisure Centre, which it was felt could possibly accommodate better facilities. With these historical and practical issues in mind the planning application for a new stadium was submitted in February 2004. The stadium would be built by the Trinity Investment Co. Ltd on behalf of AFC Guildford. Such a large scale and controversial issue could not be decided within the normal eight week deadline. The application was concluded in January 2005."
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Joe Louis and Mohammed Ali, 2003.
A comparative analysis of the lives of two American idols: Joe Louis and Mohammed Ali.
1,079 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
According to Maya Angelou's "Champion of the World," Joe Louis became an icon because he changed the concept of what it meant to be an American and for many he represented the American Dream. Similarly, Mohammed Ali achieved greatness and managed to overcome many of the obstacles facing him during this uneasy and turbulent period in American history to become such an American icon. This paper provides an analysis and a comparison of these two individuals and what factors contributed to their success and the part they played in providing role models for American children. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion.
From the Paper
"The period during which Joe Louis and Mohammed Ali rose to fame was a difficult time for blacks in general (Stone 2000:100). During this period in American history, many white Americans actually believed that "separate but equal" facilities for African-Americans were appropriate and equitable. In this America, African-Americans were not only different, they were not entitled to use the same restrooms, the same drinking fountains, indeed the same schools as whites because they were inferior to whites. However, Joe Louis and Mohammed Ali served as clear examples that this was simply not the case."
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Football in Canada and the U.S., 2005.
A look at the Canadian Football League (CFL) compared to the American's National Football League (NFL).
815 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The differences between American football and Canadian football differ in all areas almost making them completely different games. It explains that the CFL has been misinterpreted as not on the same level as the NFL. In Canada, the CFL is highly regarded and considered a much better game to watch than the NFL. The writer compares certain rules and formats which highlight these differences. It shows that with the differences in play and the rules highlighted, the NFL format seems to be the easier of the two to play.
From the Paper
"If the offensive team loses a ball during play or fumbles the ball, the last team to posses the ball before going out of bounds gains possession in the NFL whereas the last team to touch the ball before it goes out of bounds gains possession in the CFL. A touchdown is scored when any player enters the end zone with the football. If the offensive team chooses, they can get close to the end zone and kick the ball for a field goal. A missed field goal in the CFL is considered live and if the ball is not returned out of the end zone the kicking team receives a point called "rouge" <http://www.football.com/rulesdiff/index.shtml>. The team coming out of the end zone with the missed field goal attempt can return the ball all the way for a touchdown or take possession where the player was downed."
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Football Morals, 2005.
A look at fair play and cheating in football with direct reference to Arsenal Vs Manchester United, 25th November 2004.
2,229 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper examines two major incidents that had a profound and negative effect on the football match Arsenal vs. Manchester United, 25th November 2004 and its outcome. It looks a how the first is the continuous intentional rule violations that the Manchester United players were guilty of, which dramatically reduced the footballing standard of the game. It also discusses the manner in which the game was won, a penalty decision.
From the Paper
"When we advance our investigation into intentional rule violations further, we find that some forms of it are classified as cheating. According to Loland "cheating is an attempt to gain an advantage by violating the shared interpretation of the basic rules of the parties engaged without being caught and held responsible for it. The goal of the cheater is that the advantage gained is not eliminated or compensated for". Most commentators find cheating both logically and morally completely unacceptable since it is an exploitation of those who are competing in good faith by intentionally trying to gain an illicit advantage. The incompatibility thesis states that it is logically impossible to win games if you cheat."
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Steroids in Baseball, 2005.
A look at the effects of steroids on the game of baseball and its players.
3,617 words (approx. 14.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
This comprehensive paper examines the effects of steroids on baseball. It looks at the problems that major league baseball has had, states the effects of steroids, shows the changes in the numbers of the games, and finds major fault with major league baseball's testing policy in contrast with Olympic testing. Furthermore, the paper gives evidence of student athletes who have died because of the steroid 'nandrolone decanoate' and presents evidence to support the theory that rich players, such as Barry Bonds, will never be caught because the current policy does not take into account masking agents.
From the Paper
"Major League Baseball is testing. However, its testing like much of the legal system in the United States of America is both arbitrary and capricious. The current policy hones in on the poor steroid users if you will. It catches the young players who are trying to make it to the big leagues, the ones who do not have the money to afford expensive creams. The prime examples of this are the numerous players from the Seattle Mariners farm system who got caught using steroids. Are these minor leaguers, these men who are not chasing any records but whom are trying to make it to the big show, are these the only players in all of Baseball using steroids? Probably not, but at thirty thousand dollars a year its pretty hard to buy those expensive creams that can not be detected."
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Performance-Enhancing Drugs, 2005.
An examination of the issues concerning steroid use in sports, with a focus on baseball.
1,455 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how performance-enhancing drugs, such as steroids, should be banned in professional baseball for many reasons. It contends that, besides the devastating damage and effects they impose upon the human body, steroids should be banned because they diminish the glory of the real baseball heroes.
From the Paper
"Steroids, especially the anabolic type, impose devastating effects and damage to the human body. Anabolic steroids are the steroids that are most widely used to enhance performance. They are called "anabolic" because they are the synthetic version of the naturally occurring hormone, testosterone and are built up into complex living tissue (Shapen, 2005). The adverse effects of anabolic steroids are countless. One expert, Dr. Enrique Beckmann states that, "androgenic anabolic steroids cause hypertension, heart attacks, sudden cardiac death... liver tumors, jaundice... enlarged prostate, depression, aggression, and hostility" (Chico, 2005)."
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Ethical Issues in Sports, 2005.
Use of performance-enhancing drugs by athletes in professional sports.
1,728 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper offers a critical examination of ethical issues in professional sports, using theories and ideas from well-known experts in the field. After a brief look at the role of sports throughout history, the paper focuses on the importance of winning and the use of performance-enhancing drugs by athletes. It questions the widespread use of drugs in the pursuit of victory and critically examines the reasons that this practice is forbidden.
From the Paper
"Avid interest in sports affects the entire world, from soccer in Europe to ice hockey in Russia. Sports were important in ancient times to the Greeks and Romans, and to Native American cultures as well. Robert Simon points out in his book Fair Play: The Ethics of Sport that "participation in sports, and the related activity of play, are characteristic of most, if not all, human societies" (2)."
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Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate, 2001.
Examines this nutritional supplement and explores its use.
3,163 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
HMB (beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate) is a patented amino acid metabolite that was discovered at Iowa State University. Supplemental HMB increases lean muscle mass, strength, and VO2 Max, while increasing fat loss. This paper examines the scholarly and peer-reviewed literature and relevant online sources to determine just what HMB is, how it works, and who should or should not use it. A summary of the research and salient findings are provided in the conclusion. The paper includes an appendix, "Comparison of Daily Costs of Various Nutrition Supplements Used by Athletes," which is not included in the word count
From the Paper
"HMB is produced naturally by the human body and can also be found in foods like catfish and grapefruit; however, it may not be practical or advantageous for athletes to consume these foods on a regular basis (Armsey & Green, June 1997, 9). HMB is used in order to boost strength levels, enhance muscle gains in size and prevent muscle tissue breakdown which can occur during periods of intensive exercising because scientists believe that HMB aids in the body's attempt to minimize protein breakdown. By minimizing the breakdown, HMB helps the body recover faster from exercise and leads to quicker strength and muscle gains. In sports and body building circles, HMB is known for its ability to promote fat loss and enhance muscle growth. HMB appears to upgrade the body's natural potential to build muscle and burn body fat by minimizing the muscle tissue breakdown that occurs after intense exercise sessions."
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