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Sponsorship, 2002.
Discusses the sponsorship strategies of the two soft drink giants, Coca-Cola and Pepsi.
2,501 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that it comes as no surprise that in the run up to (as well as during) the World Cup in 2002, Pepsi was found exhibiting very aggressive promotional behavior. Its approach was an unapologetic attempt to blunt the effect of the Coca-Cola marketing plan in Japan and South Korea. For this reason, it proves an interesting, individual study (for section one of this paper) in the use of 'ambush marketing' through sponsorship agreement. However, the cola wars have been going on for some time now, and this particular event was but one small battle in the greater struggle for soft-drink-dominance. So, in addition to an appraisal of the problems encountered by the two firms during the 2002 World Cup, this paper also shows how the issue goes back a long way. Sponsorship, after all, has been and still is vital to both company's marketing strategies.
From the Paper
"In contrast to this official sponsorship, Pepsi was forced to adopt a more indirect approach to maintaining and upholding the recognition of its brand name. They were not able to hang banners within the stadiums and receive television coverage that way so they "ran advertisements featuring a David Beckham [well-known UK soccer player] led soccer team competing against a soccer team of Japanese Sumo wrestlers." ("World Cup," 2002). Also, before the World Cup had even begun, advertisements in Argentina were run "featuring top international soccer players under a banner that read 'Tokyo 2002.'" The goal of this was to imply that Pepsi had some kind of a sponsorship with the 2002 World Cup to be held later in the year in Japan (Bikoff & Jones, 2002). Further attempts using television commercials by Pepsi were found in Ecuador and even the United States."
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The Importance of Physical Education, 2002.
Promotes the importance of school curriculum that includes physical education.
4,615 words (approx. 18.5 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 119.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the history, the implementation and defense of physical education. It starts from the premise that a well-rounded child has a good understanding of his or her own body and understands what it takes to keep that body healthy and active.
History of Physical Education
Goals of Physical Education
Childhood Health Crisis - Inactivity and Obesity
School Sports
Cuts and Inequality in Physical Education
From the Paper
"The history of sports and physical activity is a tremendously engaging story starting with the early Greeks and the first Olympics, to soldiers and warriors throughout history. Indeed, an argument can be made that modern physical education was the result of war worries in and of itself. Like many other major achievements in the United States, the promotion of physical education was a byproduct of the Cold War."
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"Friday Night Lights", 2002.
Critically analyzes "Friday Night Lights: A Town, a Team and a Dream" by H.G. Bissinger a book about community football.
1,894 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces and analyzes the book "Friday Night Lights: A Town, a Team and a Dream" by H.G. Bissinger. Specifically, it discusses the philosophical, psychological, social and ethical views from the book, in regards to life, sports, coaching and the students/players. Football in Odessa is the only reason most people live, and "Friday Night Lights" vividly shows the petty small town bigotry, small mindedness and mentalities that create a culture out of football and create life or death drama over winning or losing.
From the Paper
"Psychologically, the people of Odessa seem not only extremely simple minded, they obsess over the games as if they were life and death. One prominent businessman says, "'Life really wouldn't be worth livin' if you didn't have a high school football team to support'" (Bissinger 20). It would be funny if it were not so sad. These people, even those who are happy and successful, seem to have nothing else in their lives but these Friday night games. What causes them to lead such empty and superficial lives that football is the only entertainment? Admittedly, Odessa is a "wretched" place to live, and there seems to be little else to do there to keep society interested and involved."
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Terminal Ballistics, 2002.
This paper examines a category of ballistic science known as terminal ballistics, the study of how a projectile penetrates solids and thus is the mechanism of incapacitation.
1,505 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the penetration and "stopping power" of a bullet can be measured using the kinetic energy and Taylor Index equations. The paper reveals that wound ballistics is concerned with the motions and interactions of the projectile with tissue. The author believes that, through understanding of the physics behind bullet impacts and penetration, the criminologist more fully understands how different types of projectiles react when striking flesh or other resistant mediums and can lead to better a understanding of the whys and hows of a crime. Formulas included.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Physics behind the Bullet
Wound Ballistics
Conclusion
From the Paper
"To get the bullet in a vital area you need penetration. As a rule of thumb, velocity times sectional density is equal to relative bullet penetration. This is valid for bullets of similar composition. In good hunting bullets, expansion is consistently in the neighborhood of double the diameter and we assume the bullet will retain its weight. If the bullet goes to pieces, losing weight and consequently its sectional density, you might as well forget about it. The heavier bullet has a higher sectional density and will maintain the higher sectional density when it has expanded to double its diameter. In addition, the heavier bullets tend to have lower velocity. At lower velocity the resistance and consequently crushing force on the bullet nose, is lower, so expansion is delayed. This is why heavy bullets have delayed expansion, and do not show the same tendency to blow up on the surface as light bullets even though they have identical impact energy. It is how a given bullet interacts with tissue that determines its lethality."
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Mia Hamm, 2002.
A first person account of being a fan of soccer giant Mia Hamm.
1,358 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a fictionalized view of soccer great Mia Hamm that has been drawn from factual evidence. The writer uses first person narratives and creates a fictional setting from which to display the wonders of the soccer champion's abilities. The writer uses factual evidence to provide the fictional account.
From the Paper
"I have never been a soccer fan. Well let me change that, I was never a soccer fan because I never knew anything about the game. When I was small I played for one season and I remember everybody running around in the sun chasing a ball until the whistle blew. It did not seem like something I could get into and I signed up for basketball the following year. Because I have never been a soccer fan I was quite surprised when a friend invited me to go to the world cup game with her. It was the day my view on soccer, and my love of the game was born. I know now I had never been a fan before because I had never had the opportunity to watch Mia Hamm perform."
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"The Vegetarian Sports Nutrition Guide", 2002.
Book review of "The Vegetarian Sports Nutrition Guide: Peak Performance for Everyone from Beginners to Gold Medalists" by Lisa Dorfman.
1,144 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 0 sources, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper explains how in "The Vegetarian Sports Nutrition Guide", author Lisa Dorfman outlines the basics of a nutrition plan geared towards turning your body into a "plant-based sports machine." Dorfman firmly believes that athletes can develop both strength and endurance on a vegetarian diet. It shows how she believes that people do not need to eat meat to develop strong, healthy bodies and to help a reader make the transition, she has written chapters devoted to calculating energy needs and recommendations for carbohydrate, protein, fat, fluids, vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals and dietary supplements.
From the Paper
"Dorfman herself is living proof of what she writes about. Known as the "Running Nutritionist," Dorfman is an elite marathoner and triathlete, in addition to being a registered dietician with a Master's degree in Nutrition. A vegetarian since her teens, Dorfman credits her lifestyle as the major factor in her second place finish in the Olympic Marathons in Atlanta, as well as her top finishes in marathons and triathlons around the world."
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Advertising Sports Wear, 2002.
A comparison of the advertising strategies of Fila, Adidas and Nike.
1,526 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at in turn three of the biggest sportswear companies, Fila, Adidas and Nike located in three different countries, Italy, Germany and America. For each company it examines the importance of its location, its primary advertising campaigns and its suitability for the global market.
From the Paper
"The Adidas campaign focuses on elite sports stars but also has an emphasis on sport as a fun activity. The pictures of sports stars shown are not ones emphasizing the challenge of sport, but show the sports stars looking happy, including many of the photos showing the sports stars in poses and not in action. The football/soccer section shows David Beckham posing. The Anna Kournikova sections shows the sport stars in action, while also including more model-like head shots. In each of these cases, the emphasis is on the sports star looking good."
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The Psychological Effects in Sports, 2002.
A discussion on the decline in the number of middle and junior high schools implementing intramural sports programs, and what affect this might have on the students.
1,524 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses both the positive and negative aspects of competitive sports on teenagers. It shows that many positive benefits for young adolescents may result from participation in sports which can enhance their self-esteem and increase their interest in sports. However, the writer also discusses that when young adolescent needs and interests become secondary to pressures and unreasonable expectations from coaches, parents, the community, and even themselves, sports often have the opposite effect.
From the Paper
"Over the last two decades, there has been a steady decline in the number of middle and junior high schools implementing intramural sports programs. Data from a 1993 national survey of 1,798 middle schools reported 63% of schools offered intramural sports programs for sixth graders, a decrease of 5% in 5 years. The decline was even more pronounced at the seventh grade level, where 58% of grade 7 in middle schools had intramural sports programs as compared with 67% in 1988, a decrease of 9% in five years (Sports in Middle Grades, 2001). Similar decreases were found at the eighth grade level (McEwin, Dickinson, & Jenkins, 1996). The same study found the higher the middle grade, the less likely students were to have access to intramural programs. The general trend seems to be toward smaller percentages of schools offering intramural programs. Given the high percentage of schools that offer interscholastic programs, especially at the senior high level, but also at the middle school level -- why the trend to get rid of intramural sports programs?"
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American Sports, 2002.
A brief paper on the huge effect sport has on American culture and society.
818 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the benefits of sport for the American people. As well as the obvious fitness benefits, the writer believes there are developmental benefits of sport which provide the American society with an integral part of their culture. Other topics discussed include the economic benefits of sport as well as the history of sport in American society.
From the Paper
"In American history, sports figure as an important institution that has always determined the American popular culture. America's history is not complete without a detailed depiction of the lifestyle and living conditions of its people, which is often determined through the activities that people involve themselves in. These activities are often associated physical and mental in nature, which requires an individual's physiological faculties to function appropriately. These activities are identified as sports activities, wherein people interact with each other and develop themselves personally through physical and mental exercise."
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The Augusta National Controversy, 2002.
Discusses the media war between the National Council of Women's Organizations and the Augusta National Golf Club over the club's policy of excluding women.
2,890 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses why the prestigious Augusta National Golf Club excludes women from its membership roles. It discusses whether it is legal and, moreover, ethical, for a private club to exclude an American citizen based on gender. The paper focuses on the public relations battle which took place between the club's chairman, Hootie Johnson, and chairperson of the National Council of Women's Organizations, Martha Burk, over the club's exclusion of women from the club and the Masters Tournament which takes place each year. The paper explores Augusta National's public image following the confrontation and looks at how Burk threatened to turn one of America's most esteemed sporting events into a public relations nightmare for its sponsors. The paper looks at how successful her very public made-for-media strategy to challenge corporate America's commercial support of The Masters Tournament really was.
From the Paper
"Meanwhile, in the past few months, everyone of any stature in golf (Tiger Woods was most prominent among opinions expressed; he declined to take sides), in civil rights (Jesse Jackson announced he would lead the charge against the discrimination of women), and it seems, in the media, had an opinion on Augusta's refusal to admit women. Sandy Grady, writing in USA Today, noted that Augusta's power elite were "...so petrified that feminists will infiltrate their boys club, they announced this rule, according to the Augusta Chronicle: 'Patrons will be asked to return to their cars and remove buttons, hats, or T-shirts that express any opinion, pro or con, on a social or political basis'." That would appear to be unconstitutional at the worst, and, at the least, blatant paranoia."
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Sports Psychology, 2002.
Explores the growing popularity of sports psychology, which contributes to an athlete's success.
4,230 words (approx. 16.9 pages), 31 sources, APA, $ 112.95
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Abstract
The science of sports psychology rests uncomfortably between pure science, theory and hype. But, as athletes make their way up successive levels from amateur to semi-professional, from pro to world- class, the physical aspects of the game stay the same. The paper shows that an athlete can only digest so much nutrition, burn so many calories in the weight room and endure a relatively fixed amount of physical training before ready to perform at a peak level. The hypothesis is that the factor which separates one level of athlete from the next, and what often prevents an athlete with much "potential" from reaching his or her goals is the mental game. The paper shows that, although this idea sounds simple, at upper levels of performance the athlete's own body can become one of the opponents on the playing field which must also be conquered. Toward this end, the 'science' of sports psychology, including hypnosis, self hypnosis, guided imagery and bio-feedback have come into the sports marketplace in the last 30 years, and have proven that at the levels of performance which test the athletes total ability, conquering the mind game is the cornerstone to victory on the playing field.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
History
Sports Psychology and Hypnosis
Desire: the First Requirement
Hypnosis, Self Hypnosis, Biofeedback
Examples of Biofeedback
Guided Imagery
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"An associative attentional focus concentrates one's awareness on bodily states, self-perceptions, and pacing or rhythm related to an activity. Conversely, a dissociative attentional focus or distraction diverts attention away from bodily self-awareness and self-perceptions and towards external stimuli or factors not related to an activity (e.g., words of a song, other people exercising). Studies have found conflicting results as to whether association or dissociation is a more effective strategy for improving performance."
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Nutrition, 2002.
Compares the daily nutritional intake of an athlete to that of a non-athlete.
997 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This comparison of the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) needs of an amateur marathon runner and a "normal" non-athlete or sedentary person illustrates the difference in the quantities of nutrients each need to maintain a healthy and well functioning body. It also shows the consequence of continued consumption of such a diet to the marathon runner if the athlete becomes a non-athlete.
From the Paper
"Once established, the calorie requirement per day will illustrate the difference in needs between the athlete and non-athlete. The normal sedentary adult requires .40 grams per pound of body weight per day of protein to stay within RDA guidelines. The adult competitive athlete requires .90 grams per pound of body weight per day, more than twice the number of the non-athlete. (Parsons, 2003)"
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Michael Jordan, 2002.
A paper on the life of Michael Jordan, focusing on his excellent leadership skills.
3,738 words (approx. 15.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the leadership qualities of Michael Jordan. It gives a detailed list of characteristics that are part and parcel of being a true leader. Some examples and facts have also been listed which the writer believes show Michael Jordan as a true leader who always lead by example and courage.
Contents:
Michael Jordan - the figure
True Leadership Elements found in Michael Jordan
Knowledge
Trust
Vision
Essentials
Integrity
Experience
Positive Attitude
Self-confidence
Empathy
Judgment
Reflection in Today's Environment
From the Paper
"There have been many a number of individuals who have had exceptional talents, both in the field of sports and any other. These people have ascended on the ladder of success with sheer hard work and commitment, which in its essence, is the key to attain and achieve success and fame. There have been great players, and much greater than them as well but there are certainly those amongst these who can be bracketed alongside the very best. One such name is the American National Basket Ball Association Player, Michael Jordan. There is yet to be born a greater basket ball athlete than him."
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Baseball, 2002.
An overview of the history of this game and how it ties into American history.
1,666 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
The game of baseball has been the calling card of American sports almost since its inception as a team game. This paper looks at the history of baseball, from its beginnings as a casual game called rounders, through its establishment as a game with rules by Alexander Cartwright in 1845 until the first official game in 1846 between the "New York Nine" and the "Knickerbockers". The paper discusses the leagues, teams and clubs which grew in response to the growing popularity of the sport. Finally, the paper shows how baseball has evolved and changed within American history.
From the Paper
"What Spaulding had to say reminds the American historian that the game became a proving ground for national heroes as it went through changes and developments that coincided with the national agenda and culture. It went through WWII when there were few male players around to play and to fill in the fan base the women's league was started and toured the country to a growing fan base. (AAGPBL website 1996) Baseball went through the civil rights era and could be one of the first places where blacks were publicly integrated with whites. (White 1995) Even today baseball continues to evolve as it begins to change to meet the new fan base of today's America."
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African-Americans and Sports, 2002.
An examination of African-American obsession and modern superiority regarding sports.
1,621 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how sports are significant in many ways to any individual of the society. Sports have often been considered as a missionary tool of liberation, as anti-hegemonic. It focuses on the obsession of black Americans with sports and how media, poverty and a search for identity lure blacks into it. It also analyzes the reasons and their consequences for sports fixation. It highlights the study made by Jonathan Kozol on the inequalities faced by blacks from the very basic level of their lives and the opinions about black American sports fixation by John Hoberman.
From the Paper
"The scenario of Blacks occupying every sport more than the Whites is sometimes seen as a contemporary issue. Much commentary has been fabricated on the topic, whether sports are bad for Blacks. In February 1997 German scholar John Hoberman published Darwin's Athletes: How Sports has damaged Black America And Preserved the Myth of Race. In his story Hoberman made an analogy that sports is a form of slavery and unsubtle political and economic persecution. This analogy is used to describe the unseen side of sports i.e. how audience is attracted into it as false production and how white male autonomy controls black players both physically and mentally and their passage to the market worth their talent. The other countenance of the Black America damaged by Sports is that Black Americans are considered as laborers or as inferior beings. Hoberman claims that black over investment in sports is both the cause and result of black anti-intellectualism, itself the result of virulent white racism, meant to confine blacks to certain occupations (Gerald Early, Performance And Reality Race, Sports and the Modern World)."
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