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Athletic Trainers, 2004.
Presents an overview of the career of an athletic trainer.
700 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the career of an athletic trainer, including the background necessary for the career, the necessary education, and job opportunities for athletic trainers. It examines how athletic trainers form a necessary backbone of most professional sports organizations and many private organizations and how a professional athletic trainer can make the difference between a life-changing injury or returning to the game. It also looks at how athletic trainers are an essential and integral part of modern sports medicine, and as sports and athletics increase in importance in our society, they will continue to play an important part in our healthy lives.
From the Paper
"The education necessary for this job is usually completed as an undergraduate, and is offered by several colleges and universities across the nation. The most respected and accepted educational facilities are accredited according to standards created by the Commission on Accreditation for Allied Health Education (CAAHEP), a division of the American Medical Association (Hibberts). Many students major in exercise science with a specialty in athletic training. In most cases, they also need to obtain a state license or National Athletic Trainers Association (NATA) certification in order to work as an athletic trainer and "to become certified, trainers must complete 1500 hours of athletic training, and pass the National Athletic Trainers Association (NATA) certification exam" (AHEC)."
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Collective Bargaining and Baseball, 2004.
This paper examines the role labor unions and collective bargaining agreements have played in major league baseball.
2,075 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the history of labor relations in the field of baseball from John Montgomery Ward's first attempt to form a players' union in 1885 to the 32-day lockout during spring training in 1990. The author points out that the 2002 collective bargaining agreement was successfully negotiated with significant compromises on both sides and without a work stoppage. The paper concludes that this agreement ensures the continued fiscal health of America's favorite pastime.
Table of Contents
Labor History
1994-1995
2002 Collective Bargaining Agreement
From the Paper
"In addition to higher ticket sales, an estimated 40 percent of this revenue came from the sale of broadcasting rights. Each team received around $18.6 million from national broadcasting revenue. Local broadcasting rights generated additional earnings, although this figure differed widely between cities. The New York Yankees, for instance, received $52 million in local broadcasting revenue while other franchises got less than one-tenth of that figure (Verducci 2002). In any case, a strike and the subsequent loss of broadcasting revenue would represent a significant income loss for both the owners."
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Effect of Commercialization on Sporting Events, 2004.
A review of the extreme commercialization of sports in America.
1,973 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an overview of sports in the U.S. and how sports has become a commercial industry in itself. The paper explains that America seems to commercialize everything, and with the overwhelming support for national sports, this too has become a vibrant and profitable sector of the consumer economy. The paper looks at the monetary value of sports in the U.S. and explores the benefits and down-side to mass-produced commercial sporting entities.
From the Paper
"Most professional team sports play a series of games instead of one to decide the championship. For this reason, the Super Bowl is unique in American professional sports. Football has typically been viewed as the toughest team sport with large men playing a full contact sport that makes the entertainment value extremely high for sports fans. These factors make the Super Bowl a unique and powerful entertainment package that appeals to sports fans like no other championship game can. For this reason, the Super Bowl is the most commercialized event in sports. The commercialization of the Super Bowl makes it a grandiose event. People who are not even football fans watch the Super Bowl for the creative commercial broadcasting. As a result, the Super Bowl generates the creative commercialization process that increases fervor for material things and greatly influences pop culture."
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Athletic Stadium Advertising and Signage, 2004.
A look at the current trends in the sports stadium advertising and signage industry.
2,785 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the kinds of leading-edge signage found in today's major league sports, the information that signage offers beyond mere branding, and the trends in stadium and home-viewer sports advertising.
From the Paper
"In the book, Ballparks (Von Goeben, 2001), there is a black and white photo of the Polo Grounds in New York, taken around 1911, with only two billboards prominently displayed - the billboards advertised "ESCO Hosiery" and "Adlers Gloves" - that probably cost less than a hundred dollars each. That was a lot of money back then. But by 1952, in another photo in the Ballparks depicting a World Series game at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn, signage was taking up most of the interior walls of the stadium. Thirteen billboards at ground level - approximately 30-40 feet wide each - were visible from the left field corner to the scoreboard in right center. And one wonders how much those billboards brought in for the teams. Not very much, in today's dollar terms. But whatever the pittance was, it is dwarfed millions of times over by the $10 million a year Reliant Energy pays in 2003 to be the "sponsor" of the NFL's Houston Texans stadium, or the $7.6 million FedEx pays annually to get its logo - and name - on the Washington Redskins' football field."
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Baseball Bats, 2004.
Looks at the history and development of baseball bats.
2,725 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 22 sources, APA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the evolution of the baseball bat. It looks at the different types of bats made, the material from which they are constructed, the effectiveness of the bats, generally noted advantages and disadvantages of the different bat types ,and safety issues regarding bat types. The paper ends with a brief summary of the features that the different bats have in common.
From the Paper
"Baseball bats today come in many different varieties, from the standard $20 wooden bat to a state-of-the-art, $300 aluminum model (Sports-werd.com, 2002). Each type of bat has its own advantages and disadvantages, and each has a unique feel and sound. On both the college level and professional levels of baseball, the types of bats allowed vary in material. Yet, while the baseball bats may differ, there are still many similarities that make both aluminum and wooden bats comparable in the world of baseball."
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Kobe Bryant and Nike, 2004.
Proposes how to deal with the problem of Kobe Bryant's negative image in his role as Nike's celebrity representative.
1,007 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
Nike hired Kobe Bryant, a popular Laker's basketball player, to promote its products due to his modest, low-key style, contrasting with his team's extraordinary athletic success. However, the recent allegations regarding sexual assault made about Bryant in the media and through the judicial system have completely altered Bryant's image. This paper offers a proposal on what to do when the celebrity spokesperson, hired by a company executive, undergoes a rapid and unexpected change of image in the context of the modern media because of circumstances beyond company control.
From the Paper
"The 'data' accrued in such a case is difficult to pinpoint in a graphic format. Since the evidence regarding the night in question and the woman who is making the allegations varies from day to day, it is difficult to quantify what sort of an impact these allegations can and would have on future sales of Nike. What is clear, however, is that Bryant is no longer the man whom Nike hired. Sadly said, even if completely innocent of the allegations, the new data disseminated in the media shows him to be either a complicated martyr figure at best or at worst, a guilty man of a horrific assault. The fact that Nike also has a substantial line of clothing specifically targeted at women, usually making use of powerful and athletic women in its promotional material, makes the sexual nature of the allegations a particular concern."
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High School Sports, 2004.
A thorough overview of the issue of high school sports and their advantages and disadvantages.
15,486 words (approx. 61.9 pages), 45 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
High school sports are, for some students, a fond memory, and for other students, the golden ticket to the land of opportunity. For most students, it is an extracurricular activity. High school sports has transitioned from a core basis in family values, ethics, and participation to big money sponsorships, televised games, recruiters, and scholarships. It's no wonder controversy surrounds the ideas of benefits and drawbacks, and it's no wonder that some are attempting to regulate participation. This paper examines present trends, current issues, data, and initiatives surrounding the provision of high school sports. It surveys a sample from a typical Georgia public high school to receive feedback on student values and opinions with regard to athletics, academics, and sources of support and sources of stress. Ultimately, it develops some recommendations to retain the caliber of high school sports and ensure their availability to future student athletes.
Abstract
Chapter One: The Problem
Problem Background
Literature Review
The Professional Student Athlete
The Raw Numbers
Eligibility
Advantages of Sport
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions or Research Hypotheses
Limitations/Delimitations
Definitions
Importance of the Study
Research Design
Selection of Subjects
Instrumentation
Assumptions or Limitations
Procedures
Data Processing and Analysis
Chapter Four: Findings
Summary
Conclusions
Implications for Practice
Questions related to Support and Pressure
Implications for Practice
Implications for Research and Resultant Recommendations
References
From the Paper
"High school athletics programs complement academic progress. Research supports this theory in a number of ways, and points to the importance of high school athletic programs to the social, emotional and physical development of the student. The level of benefit varies subtly by demographic typing. At the core of the debate is whether academics are viewed as part of or outside of the academic curriculum. There are conflicting schools of thought regarding the benefits of athletic programs to students at the high school level. Some contend that the focus on sports is too commercialized, and that funds spent can overshadow the realities of budget cuts and financial realities in other areas of academics, particularly when the focus is on sports as a profession and academic scholarships. Further, these same people feel that athletes can receive preferential treatment, particularly with regard to the college admissions process."
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Running, 2004.
Discussion regarding the positive effects of a regular running program.
1,668 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the beneficial aspects of running on the cardiovascular and nervous systems. It does so by first looking at the different types of running and then by explaining the biomechanics of running.
From the Paper
"From a sports professional point of view running is of three different types namely sprinting, middle distance and long distance or (marathon). Sprinting events are those races that are up to 400m. During the sprinting activity the muscles' metabolic pathways supply the required energy at a rate which is several times higher than the regular aerobic systems. This is verified by the decrease in PCr (phosphocreatine) by 67%, muscle glycogen by around 32% and ATP by 28%. Furthermore anaerobic glycolysis increases muscle lactate level by 20 fold. For sprinting, the thrust during the propelling period is very important and sports scientists have reported that the maximum force that a muscle can generate is directly proportional to its cross sectional area. This implies that good Sprinters usually are more muscular compared to marathon racers. For middle distance and marathon running the oxidative systems are the chief energy suppliers and there is a predominance of slow twitch muscle fibres."
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Italy's Serie A Football Team, 2004.
A history and overview of Italy's Serie A football team.
7,419 words (approx. 29.7 pages), 30 sources, MLA, $ 163.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the Italian Football League, or "Lega Calcio", dates back to 1946 and describes what comprises the teams of Serie A in Italian football. It identifies the business drivers for the sport, the characteristics of the teams, the motivation of sponsors, and the formula for revenue. It also looks at how the business model has changed over time from a customer-centered model to a shareholder-driven one and how nowhere was this more evident than during the postponement of the 2002-2003 season because of pay-per-view contract issues.
Outline
Italy's Serie A Football League: A Brief History
Italian Serie A and B
The Business of Football
Sponsorship
Shirt Sponsorships
Player Contracts
Wages
Revenues
Conclusion
Bibliography
Appendix A - Sports Classifications
From the Paper
"With the advent of television, a venue for was created for pro football players to showcase commercial products. In 1951 Stanley Matthews (the first pro football player to be knighted) received L20 a week from CWS (Co operative society) for sporting football boots. At this time, however, most players were tied to their clubs, bound to a maximum wage and abiding by the retain-and-transfer contract system, necessitating that they keep their "day" jobs. When England hosted the World Cup Finals in 1966, the ceiling for the maximum wage was lifted. It was at this time a mascot entered the fray, the tournament was effectively 'branded', and the first superstar, George Best was born. (Critcher, 1991) An official song was created for the tournament, replica 'World Cup Willy' Lions were sold, and approximately 400 million people world wide watched the TV coverage."
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Mexico City: 2012 Olympics, 2002.
Overview of Mexico City's and Mexico's economic condition and how the economic conditions make Mexico City a viable choice for the 2012 Olympic Games.
1,438 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes a report, prepared by Mexico City's Olympic Economics Committee, that was written with the intention of showing that Mexico City should indeed be a candidate to host the 2012 Summer Olympic Games. The paper presents evidence of Mexico City's robust and growing economy by looking at such economic factors as GDP, jobs and industries, economic outlook, and the Olympic budget.
Economic Overview
GDP
What are primary jobs and industries?
How developed is Mexico City?
What about available workers, total population, etc.?
Currency
Economic Outlook
Infrastructure
Olympic Budget
Benefits for Mexico City
From the Paper
"Mexico City has come a long way from its colonial economy that was based mostly on mining, particularly silver. Today it boasts an economy that is diverse. The economy today includes strong agriculture, petroleum and industry sectors. With this diversification, Mexico City is not only the largest city in the world, with approximately 20 million inhabitants, but the city is considered the second strongest economy in all of Latin America (Mexico: Mexico City)."
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Sports Management, 2002.
Looks at the different types of careers and opportunities available in sports management.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper is a positive assessment of sports management as a career choice. It outlines and describes the career opportunities available in the field of sports management, the education, training, and skills required, job prospects, and potential salaries.
From the Paper
"I am determined to pursue a sports related career preferably in sports management. The reason for my decision is my love for sports in general and Ice hockey in particular. I know that a career in sports cannot be just taken for granted because of the intense competition in the field that is fueled by the desire in countless other young people to enter a similar career path. The reason for such a trend is not hard to find: there is an in-born desire in a majority of young people to play and enjoy sports. With professional sports having achieved the status of a burgeoning industry, there are several sports-related jobs that can be adopted as full time careers these days and there is nothing more satisfying than doing the thing that we love for a living. In this essay I shall describe the different occupations that are included in sports management, the education, training and skills required for the profession, job prospects in the field and the kind of salary one can expect in sports management."
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Women's Participation in Sports, 2002.
Reviews four articles concerning the gradual increase of women performing and participating in exercise and sports activities.
1,361 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes and discusses four articles written about the increasing trend towards active performance of women in the world of sports. An emphasis is placed on the sociological issues and health concerns surrounding this trend. The articles reviewed discuss the positive psychological and physiological benefits derived from a women's active participation in sports. They also discuss the detrimental effects women may experience from excessive physical activity and the social barriers women often encounter in the athletic arena.
From the Paper
"While the Women's Sports Foundation article (discussed earlier) had outlined the sociological, psychological, and physical benefits of engaging in sports, two articles regarding women's physical health in sports discuss the problems that women face nowadays in order to be physically fit and attain their ideal 'body figure/form,' which is the thin figure. The first article, entitled, "Women's Health and Sports," is a research study by Drs. Stephen and Amelia Pribut, wherein the different physical problems that commonly afflict women as a result of sports and exercise participation are discussed. It cited the famous "Female Athlete Triad," which is a tripartite "relationship of three (3) health problems" common among female athletes. This topic is also discussed in the second article, entitled, "The Female Athlete Triad" (Women's Sports Foundation 2001). These three common health problems are eating disorders, amenorrhea (loss of monthly period), and osteoporosis (bone loss)."
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The Life and Career of Todd McFarlane, 2002.
Looks at the background and successful career of businessman and comic book, artist Todd McFarlane.
1,421 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the background and early life of comic book artist, entertainer, publisher, and successful businessman, Todd McFarlane. The paper explores the reasons behind his phenomenal success and the motivations that drove him to get where he is now. Also discussed are his accomplishments and how they have impacted our lives.
From the Paper
"Meanwhile Todd continued to draw comic book characters and was determined to find a job in the industry. After countless rejections, he got his first break when Marvel/ Epic comics offered him a job in March 1984. From there onwards Todd continued to develop as a comic book artist and eventually became the number # artist at Marvel. His innovative penciling and covers for the Amazing Spider Man made it the number one title at Marvel Comics. Recognizing his talents, the company eventually gave him the opportunity to write, pencil and ink his own title-Spider Man. Todd had always had a passion for producing high-quality products. When given an opportunity to display his talents, he availed it with both hands and proceeded to produce the first copy of the Spider Man that hit the stands September 1990. It was an immediate hit and became the best-selling comic book of all times-selling 2.5 million copies."
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Drugs and Sports, 2002.
This paper reviews the history and problems of drugs and alcohol by participants in sports, including golf.
1,985 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that drug use by athletes has been a problem from the Olympic Games of 668 BC to present time. The author reviews problems of alcohol use by professional golfers. The paper concludes that not all athletes may take drugs, but the author assures that the majority has considered it in order to get an edge.
From the Paper
"Not surprisingly, many common medicines contain banned drugs or substances so an athlete would have to be responsible for checking with a doctor or coach prior to taking anything. But many athletes know they are taking enhancers. They take the substances because they feel they need a boost to enhance their athletic prowess. But, unlike dried figs, the performance enhancing substances can lead to many severe side effects and even death."
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Wrestling, 2002.
An introduction, discussion, and analysis of professional wrestling in America today and its effect on children.
1,965 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the question: Does pro-wrestling cause violence in children? The paper presents both sides of the debate and cites sources and legal cases that support the arguments. A conclusion is drawn that finds that most of the evidence, although still debatable, indicates an increase in violent behavior in children who watch professional wrestling.
From the Paper
"While many educators and parents seem to think watching televised wrestling matches creates more violence in their children, many others find their children are mature enough to recognize the difference between the reality of violence and the fantasy portrayed during wrestling matches. Michael Cunningham, a professor and father of two young sons said, "'Some young people are able to recognize the distinction between entertainment in wrestling and what is permissible behavior in specific locations and real life'" (Billups 2). Children have more sense than we often give them credit for, and most understand that violence is society is unacceptable, while violence in a controlled setting, such as a wrestling ring, is quite another thing."
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