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Language Disabilities, 2003.
Discusses the importance of language to child development.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 19 sources, $ 47.95
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Abstract
Examines the classification of language disabilities under problems relating to oral communication. Discusses symptom patterns and the multiple causes, which range from unknown cause to autism, mental retardation, cerebral palsy, and hearing loss.
From the Paper
"Language, as a symbolic tool and coping strategy, is an important factor of any child's overall development, and its acquisition by children has been studied by many researchers. There are many different theories of how language is acquired..."
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Reading and Writing, 2003.
Examines the connections between the spoken and written language.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 16 sources, $ 119.95
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Abstract
This paper recommends an integrated approach to the development of the key skills of reading and writing in order to challenge and motivate students. Discusses the act of engaged reading and content area courses.
From the Paper
"The relationship between reading and writing is seen as one of great intimacy. The connections between spoken and written language are well established in that spoken language provides the ..."
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Phonological Awareness (PA), 2003.
Examines acquisition of the sound structure of language.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, $ 55.95
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Abstract
Discusses general trends, individual variability in children's phonological development, PA as a precursor to literacy, both reading and writing, and the Reading Recovery Program.
From the Paper
"Phonological Awareness: A Precursor to Literacy
Phonological awareness (PA) is defined by Cupples and Iacono (2000) as the ability to focus consciously on the sound structure of language. It is assessed in tasks that involve the manipulation of the ..."
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Language Use, 2003.
Discusses the difference between prescriptive and descriptive language.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 31.95
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Abstract
Discusses how words are used, the emphasis on grammar, not acceptance of new words. Looks at Simon Winchester's account of how the "Oxford English Dictionary" (OED) came into being. Discusses Samuel Johnson's dictionary.
From the Paper
"This research takes the form of an informative essay on the subject of the distinction between prescriptive and descriptive language use. The topic of research was chosen based on Winchester's account of how the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) came into ..."
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The English Language in Hong Kong, 2003.
Studies English language usage in Hong Kong.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, $ 55.95
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Abstract
Discusses Chinese and English as official co-languages, Hong Kong's trilingual and biliterate population, pre-colonial Hong Kong and the development of "Pidgin" English, and Britain's goals in colonial Hong Kong.
From the Paper
"In 1990, Hong Kong was selected as one of the 15 centers around the world to have its English language studied. As explained on its cultural website, The International Corpus of English (ICE) explains..."
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Sign Language, 2003.
Discusses the development of sign language competency and communication skills in children.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 8 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
Presents conflicting approaches to education of deaf children or children with vocal language impairments. Discusses educational philosophy and American Sign Language (ASL).
From the Paper
"While sign languages are generally regarded as languages that are most useful for individuals with hearing or verbal communication impairments, research suggests that such languages are also useful in other contexts ..."
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Phonology, 2003.
Examines communication difficulties in young children.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 39.95
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Abstract
Discusses disorders of expressive phonology (the speech-sound system), identifies key aspects of assessment of clinical intervention targeting children with phonological deficits, and the identification of children with speech problems.
From the Paper
"Disorders of expressive phonology (i.e., disorders of the speech-sound system) have been identified by Lewis, Freebairn, and Taylor (2000) as the most prevalent communication difficulty observed in young children. "
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Cleft Palate, 2003.
Discusses phonological and communicative disorders.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 10 sources, $ 63.95
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Abstract
Describes the birth defect known as cleft palate, the problem it presents, and its treatment. Discusses difficulties experienced by infants born with cleft lips or palates, reconstructive surgery, and orthodontic surgery.
From the Paper
'A cleft is a birth defect that occurs when the tissues of the lip and/or palate of a fetus do not properly fuse early in the pregnancy. A cleft palate, in which the roof of the mouth abnormally opens into the floor...'
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Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, 2002.
A discussion of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, an influential theory of anthropolgy and linguistics.
2,553 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by explaining that the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is one of the most interesting and influential theories in the field of linguistics and anthropology. The idea that language actually forced people to think in different ways is both fascinating and controversial. The paper shows the ways that this hypothesis opens our understanding of the link between culture and knowledge. The paper includes direct quotes from the hypothesis which it then explains and expands upon.
From the Paper
"The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis "postulated that language not only provided a means of communication but also shaped peoples' perceptions of the world" (McGee and Warms 2000: 370). The hypothesis drew heavily from the ideas and techniques used by linguists, with the methodological concepts developed by the Prague School of Linguistics in the 1920's providing valuable insights into the importance of understanding the conceptual frameworks formed by, and expressed through, the native language (McGee and Warms 2000: 369). The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis was the most influential anthropological adaptation of these linguistic principles, the hypothesis having an enormous impact on anthropology providing a methodological framework emphasising cultural and linguistic relativity, and influencing several schools of anthropological thought."
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Brain's Cognition of Language, Space, and Face, 2002.
A brief paper examining the brain's functioning.
812 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper asks how the brain processes language, space, and faces; and how do the structures of the brain faculties that handle these processes compare and contrast.
From the Paper
"Language is handled by a very intricate and involved system that takes up a large portion of the brain's resources. Incoming language is fed through a linear processing pathway of three parts. First, it enters the sound processor. Linguistic qualities of the sounds are identified such as voicing, velar pronunciation, and accents. The resulting output is then given to the string-maker. This function eliminates uninterpretable sounds and constructs understandable words and phrases out of the "annotated" sounds. Lastly, the interpretation function completes the final understanding of the language spoken. This process of sequential functions achieves the final interpretation."
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Vernacular in "Their Eyes Were Watching God", 2002.
A study of Black vernacular speech used by Janie in Zora Neal Hurston's "Their Eyes Were Watching God".
1,158 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a couple of passages out of "Their Eyes Were Watching God" and examines the text. It shows how Hurston creates a voice marked by weaving Black vernacular and standard American English to create a steady, flowing narration. This use of free, indirect discourse is used throughout the narrative.
From the Paper
"The New Historian critical approach to text investigates how power is distributed and draws on the works of American cultural anthropologist, Clifford Geertz. Anthropologists have used the works of Clifford Geertz to " illuminate the integrative significance of cultural symbols with particular communities" ( Lears,1985,p.573) in the belief that certain subordinate groups participate in their own domination through the work of cultural symbolism. Not unlike Geertz, German-American anthropologist, Franz Boas emphasized the importance of environment in the evaluation of individual capabilities. Boas also accentuated the magnitude of linguistic analysis from internal linguistic structure and pointed out that language is a fundamental aspect of culture. (Rassman. 1999,personal communication). Author Zora Neal Hurston studied anthropology with Franz Boas at Barnard College when she was about 35 years old (Gates,1990, p. 212). Boas' influence on the importance of language as cultural collateral is evident in Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God by virtue of her use of free indirect discourse and signifying."
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Power, Language, Culture and 'Me', 2003.
Paper concerning the construction of identity in the postmodern world through power, language constructs and cultural forces.
1,999 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the notion of identity through various viewpoints in contemporary modernity. This paper explores the way language, power and culture shapes the concept of the I by examining Foucaldian concepts, lingual construction and cultural studies.
From the Paper
"With the impending future of global culture, the way in which the concept of the "I" is constructed through an inter-connective culture becomes more obvious, since it affects the process through which the world consistently enriches itself through individual interaction with contemporary society. The concept of 'I' as an identity, fuelled by a wide range of philosophical, lingual and cultural discourses, can be seen as an interactive system inseparable with subjectivity, or, as Giddens proposes, a narrative which is able to build up a consistency of biographical continuity (1991; 75). In these terms is possible to view identity as a personal collective project, influenced by the light of circumstance, self-reflexivity and interaction. These elements, inherently produced through the social facets of power, language and culture, form the basis to the perception of 'me' as both socially as well as privately constructed. To comprehend this nature of identity as a construction of these facets, then, it is crucial to analyze the way in which power, language and culture interact and serve as the sociological truism in which the 'I' is understood, through social roles, discourses and disciplines exploring the perception of the self as a cultural product."
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Language Planning, 2001.
This essay is a discussion of the main issues of language planning. The discussion is illustrated with two examples of recent language planning attempts.
1,811 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This essay provides an outline of what language planning involves - a deliberate attempt to modify and change the linguistic behavior of a society. It looks at the reasons behind it and the organizations and groups involved in it. It then proceeds to illustrate the discussion using cases from Finland and Norway.
From the Paper
"The reasons behind language planning are complex and plentiful, ranging from large-scale modifications to more modest issues. It can be used to provide solutions to complex social problems, to develop national and official languages, and to standardise particular dialects. Language planners can make linguistic modifications so that subgroups of a particular population speaking different varieties of that language are united as a nation. As technology advances, language can be modified in order to address these developments. The reformation of spelling systems, lexical modernisation, and stylistic simplification are examples of language planning. More modest decisions such as which languages are to be used on signposts or which are to be used for educational purposes also involve deliberate modification. However, linguists and others involved in language planning are not always faced with the task of changing a language. There are circumstances in which the revival or preservation of a language involves deliberate attempts to prevent changes from occurring."
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Language, Culture and Communications, 2002.
This paper analyzes the problems associated with cross-cultural communications
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
Although many professionals and business entities appear to have developed a knack for cross-cultural communication, the truth is that successful communication is the result of a well thought-out strategy without which significant trouble may occur resulting in loss of revenue and credibility of organizations and their products.
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Language and Others, 2002.
How the language used by others has power to shape ourselves and others.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This six-page undergraduate paper demonstrates that language has the power to shape us. Both the person's and the group's social status is determined by language. It is through language that society is structured, and therefore language must be changed and renewed.
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