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Death Penalty on Juveniles, 2007.
An analysis of the history and effectiveness of juvenile capital punishment.
3,310 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of juvenile death penalties. The writer explores the issues of the past and the recently handed down Supreme Court mandate declaring the death penalty for juveniles as unconstitutional. The writer proposes research through the use of literature reviews and concludes that the death penalty is not an effective method of punishment for juveniles that commit capital crimes.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
History
Literature
Juvenile Death Penalty in Context
Methodology
Data Collection
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The case that was the eye of the execution of minors storm was 17-year-old Christopher Simmons. Simmons admittedly planned and executed the murder of an area woman just to see what it would feel like. He and his friends broke into her home, tied her up with duct tape, took her to a bridge and threw her over the side to let her drown. She died and they were arrested for the crime. The victim had recognized Simmons which was why Simmons said the final decision to murder her came, however, he had talked openly to friends before the incident of wondering what it would be like to murder someone. He would brag to others that if he wanted to commit a murder he would not be given the death penalty because he was a juvenile."
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Victimization, 2007.
This paper discusses the issue of victimization within the criminal justice system.
2,318 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the issues confronting the various entities involved in the criminal justice system, especially with regard to the culture of victims, both inside and outside of the penal system. The writer notes that it must be kept in mind that when discussing victims, the victims of a crime are not the only "victims" involved. The writer points out that additionally, witnesses who hold important information about the incident, falsely accused suspects who may be subject to racial or economic biases in the judicial system, and even convicted offenders who are abused and subjected to cruel behavior within the corrections system can be construed as victims. Finally, the writer concludes that the issues facing the legal system that concern "victims" are wide-ranging and broad in scope, and will require a significant level of attention both at a national and local level to sufficiently address and remedy.
Outline:
Legal system
Police
Prosecutors
Defense Attorneys
Judges
Probation
Corrections Department
Parole Authorities
From the Paper
"A problem with this analysis is the fact that some 911 calls are pranks, some are made by unharmed but bitter individuals who want to make trouble for spouses or roommates, and in some 911 calls the accusations that are voiced are exaggerated or even completely false. These faults with the nature of 911 calls are valid; additionally, some of the calls are made by persons whose testimony would not be considered ordinarily legally binding, such as people who are drunk or drug-influenced. Opponents of admitting 911 calls as evidence noted that they could impede the right to a fair trial, which includes the right to confront one's accuser (making them eligible to be cross-examined)."
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Criminal Identification Procedures, 2007.
This paper discusses the many new technologies used by law enforcement agents and prosecutors to identify and properly prosecute a criminal suspect.
1,585 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the advantages and disadvantages of many of new law enforcement technologies, including DNA analysis, biometric identification, wire tapping and intra-agency databases for reviewing DNA. The paper then assesses the impact each of these technologies has on the constitutional rights of those involved in the criminal investigations. The author points out that surveillance technology, including DNA analysis, database compilation and wire tapping, may prevent major criminal disasters or alert law enforcement agents to potential threats, including terrorist threats, at a stage where early intervention may protect human lives; however, multiple costs, such as increasing paranoia and impeding the public's ability to maintain their privacy and anonymity, are associated with the implementation of such technological advances. The paper stresses that law enforcement agents need to educate better the public about the potential advantages of certain technologies, including offering the public information about crime fighting statistics in relation to this technology.
Table of Contents
New Technologies and Criminal Justice
Recommendations
From the Paper
"Those in favor of new technologies claim that much of technology including DNA databases are used for identification purposes only and to enhance the efficiency and efficacy of crime fighters at work. Such information databases may prove very beneficial for example in supporting law enforcement agents interested in early interaction and intervention to help defend the population from serious threats including terrorism. Such practices however may go too far when they include surveying the population at large with little regard for privacy or respect."
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Police Pursuits, 2007.
This paper discusses the issue of police pursuits and the related risk to public safety.
1,737 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer takes the reader on an exploratory journey in which pursuit problems are examined. The writer discusses the controversy surrounding the issue of police pursuits. The writer then argues that it is time for agencies to eliminate all but the extremely necessary pursuits. The writer concludes that while society supports the idea of police pursuits in the case of serious offenders, it wants public safety to be first and foremost in the decision-making process about who to chase. Further, the writer points out that as the nation moves into the future, it will become even more important to use available technology for the purpose of reducing police pursuits and instead using different methods to apprehend suspects.
Outline:
Introduction
What the Research Indicates
Possible Resolutions
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Because of the critical problems that police pursuits currently pose it is vital that police department officials design and implement standardized protocol when it comes to police pursuits.
Each policy must balance the need to apprehend suspects and offenders with the safety importance of society. Police are often left with the decision to pursue or not to pursue. The decision may center on how potentially violent or dangerous the suspect is at the time of the pursuit question.
Some who went on a shooting rampage in a grocery store needs to be pursued before he choose another target location, but the teenager who was seen with a beer in the vehicle may not be worth the consequences that can result from a police pursuit. It is a case by case decision that must be guided by protocol that all members of law enforcement abide by."
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Methodology-Sex Offenders, 2006.
This paper provides a three-sequenced intervention for the treatment of sex offenders.
2,335 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer discusses a quantitative, qualitative methodology and analysis for the treatment of sex offenders. This research study attempts to provide a general profile of the sex offender who is most likely to commit acts and behavior of re-offense. The writer seeks to uncover the different concepts regarding sex offense and sex offender treatment, which are hooked with the study's objectives. The primary concern considered by the writer is the creation of a sample that attempts to accomplish maximum variation sampling. The writer uses three different stages of data collection in this study which are then followed by analysis.
Table of Contents:
Phase 1: Letter-Reading
Procedure and Instrument
Analysis
Phase 2: Video-Taped Message/Interview of the Victim
Procedure and Instrument
Analysis
Phase 3: Direct Interaction with the Victim through Group Discussion
From the Paper
"Many considerations have been evaluated in creating the methodology for this study. The primary concern that the researcher considered was the creation of a sample that attempts to accomplish maximum variation sampling. Literature reflected the need for greater comparative analysis of sex offender attitudes, empathy, and communication skills across different profiles, that is, according to history of sex offending, substance abuse, race/ethnic membership, mental stability, personality profile, failure rate of previous enrolment to intervention/treatment programs, risk level of re-offense, and enrolment in a previous sex offender treatment program, among others.
For this study, it is proposed that the sample of the study will be divided into two groups: the first group will be rapists and pedophiles, while the second group will be comprised of child molesters and exhibitionists."
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Cocaine Abuse and Violent Crime, 2007.
A research proposal to find a correlation between cocaine abuse and violent crime in Dallas and Fort Worth, Texas.
8,796 words (approx. 35.2 pages), 23 sources, MLA, $ 184.95
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Abstract
This research proposal suggests the conduction of a quantitative research study through cluster sampling, in the Dallas-Fort Worth area of the state of Texas, specifically related to testing correlation between the factors of the adult abuser of cocaine and violent crimes in the area. The literature review in this work provides an overview of the drug trade environment in the Dallas-Fort Worth area as well as statistical data for factors in the cocaine drug business and the lives of those who abuse cocaine in that area. Recommendations of this study are that more research should be conducted relating to the links between violent crimes and adult cocaine abuse in Dallas-Fort-Worth Texas.
Outline:
Abstract
Objective
I. Introduction
Background of the Study
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions and Hypotheses
Purpose of the Study
Rationale
Significance of the Study
Study Variables
Definition of Terms
Assumptions and Limitations
II. Literature Review
Precise Pharmacology of Cocaine as Related to Violence
Review of the Literature of this Study
Summary of Literature
III. Methodology
Population and Sampling
Gathering of Data
Instruments to be Used in the Gathering of Data
Data Analysis
Statement of Consent of Permission
Recommendations
Appendixes
Bibliography
From the Paper
"AADAC reports in Developments Vol. 18 Issue 9 Cocaine that: "Over the last 10 years, AADAC has seen a gradual, steady rise in the proportion of clients who name cocaine as their primary drug of concern. In 1997-98, over 3,600 AADAC clients (11.1%) said cocaine was the drug they used most frequently during the previous year." (Developments, 1999) The AADAC reports that: "Cocaine is a fast-acting drug with effects of short duration. It has a half-time for elimination of about one hour (the body has lost half of it an hour after administration). While most drugs are broken down by the liver, cocaine is broken down in the blood. Breakdown by the liver happens gradually: only about 15% of the blood passes through the liver each time the heart beats, thus the remainder of the blood still carries the unmetabolized drug. In contrast, breakdown in the blood happens constantly. This means that cocaine is quickly converted to an inactive form." (Developments, 1999)"
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Human Trafficking: A New Era of Slavery, 2007.
A look at human trafficking, a modern day version of traditional slavery.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of human trafficking, focusing primarily on the issue of prostitution. According to the paper, this is just a modern day version of slavery as many are transported and sold against their will or without their knowledge, believing various false reasons for their movement. Many of the victims of human trafficking are underage minors.
From the Paper
"The human trafficking of women for the vice trades, mainly forced prostitution in a multitude of countries is a problem so monumental that most officials see no end to the problem. Resources are poor for the destruction of even the most large-scale offenders and most are under the false impression that the women arrive voluntarily, knowing the life they will follow when they arrive. It is a way to excuse the fact that all but the illegal immigration issues are perfectly acceptable and legal to many of the governments in the locations where the women end up. (Askew 328) Here are just a few statements from women who have been victims of human trafficking and forced prostitution."
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Punishment and Its Effects, 2007.
An analysis of inflicting pain, as a form of punishment, and the effects this has on both the person being tortured as well as the torturer.
2,139 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the topic of punishment. The paper discusses the physical, emotional, and mental effects of each example. The paper explores how many diverse and deviant forms of punishment and torture have been used throughout the ages for intelligence, retribution, and even sexual pleasure. The paper further analyzes how pain, and the avoidance of pain, are two of the most motivating factors in human history. The paper examines how forms of punishment that do not inflict permanent injury may not leave scars, but they are still effective ways to dominate, subjugate, and humiliate the victim.
From the Paper
"In many cultures and sub-cultures, punishment and torture are unavoidable. Another study indicates, "In cultures in which torture is condoned and practiced widely by many persons and organizational groups, it simply becomes no one's responsibility to stop the practice" ("Understanding Torture and Torturers"). Perhaps the most notable example is Saddam Hussein's regime of terror in Iraq. Brutal torture was among his favorite weapons, and it kept the people under his tight control. A people who live in fear of harsh punishment rarely speak out against those with power and weapons of torture. Another place where punishment and torture are encouraged is in the deviant lifestyles of those into bondage, sado-masochism and other deviant lifestyles."
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Prostitution, 2007.
An in-depth discussion regarding the issue of prostitution.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, of all the criminally deviant behaviors, few are as widespread, occur as routinely or possess as long a history as prostitution. According to the paper, some view prostitutes as victims of a situation and/or society. The paper goes on to discuss the arguments for and against legally protecting prostitutes.
From the Paper
"By contrast, the standpoint of evolutionary psychology would inevitably indicate that certain individuals, upon birth, are more prone to become child abusers than others. Although socialization and social controls may exist, the evolutionary psychologist would be weary of contending that social controls do anything more than inhibit behavior; they fail to eliminate innate human drives: "Because evolved mechanisms were adaptive to ancestral environments, they are not always adaptive for contemporary people," (Bjorklund 1687). So while it may be possible, from this point of view, for an individual possessing a genetic predisposition towards sexual aggression to never act upon these impulses, this may tell us very little about precisely who is likely to abuse children. But despite the possible accuracy of the evolutionary psychology theory regarding child abuse, it is very limited in being able to provide information about why child abuse occurs--their answer would be simply that it is innate. Accordingly, if it is innate, then society has no justification for prosecuting pedophiles or violent parents; it was the way they were born."
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Qualitative vs. Quantitative Approaches to Theory, 2007.
An analysis of D. Center and D, Kemp's work, "Troubled Children Grown Up: Antisocial Behavior in Young Adult Criminals" as it relates to qualitative vs. quantitative approaches to theory in criminology.
2,877 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This study involves an in-depth analysis of qualitative vs. quantitative approaches to theory in criminology. Specifically, the paper weighs the relative merits of qualitative vs. quantitative approaches to research design in criminology. The author assumes that a quantitative approach is more likely to yield useful results in the field and that researchers should focus their attention on quantitative based research practices. To carry out this goal the paper provides an in-depth analysis of Center & Kemp's work, "Troubled Children Grown Up: Antisocial Behavior in Young Adult Criminals."
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Hypothesis
Background/Rationale
Literature Review
Methodology
Statistical Analysis
Data Collection
Conclusions/Discussion
Recommendation
From the Paper
"Center & Kemp use two-way ANOVA to evaluate the results of their research related to antisocial behavior in young adults. The data collect includes principal analysis employing fixed categorical variables defined as "official conviction offense and self-reported antisocial behavior on the NYS." The results of the study yielded a significant effect. The researchers compared the parolee sample with norms established for the survey instruments collected, using multiple t-tests to control for Type I errors. Significant differences were identified between the parolee group with norms, suggesting that personality traits and biological factors may impact young adults ability to integrate and demonstrate antisocial behaviors at a later date."
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The Quiet American, 2007.
A character analysis of Fowler in the novel "The Quiet American" by Graham Greene.
1,102 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper introduces and analyzes the topic of criminal justice in the novel "The Quiet American" by Graham Greene. Specifically, the paper discusses the ending of the novel and the character of Fowler and his overall importance in the novel, while answering some specific questions. The paper analyzes the character of Fowler and concludes that Fowler is a complex man who could hardly be called endearing. The paper illustrates how he is somewhat pathetic by the end of the novel. The paper reveals that Fowler is a loser in today's terms and points out that the book ends on a sad, lonely note to highlight this.
From the Paper
"Perhaps what is most surprising is that Fowler has a conscience. He proves throughout the book that he cannot lie to himself, even though he is quite good at lying to others. He knows the truth about himself, even if the rest of the characters do not. He knows that ultimately, he is not as good a man as Pyle is, and that he will not be the best man for Phuong. At times, he seems to be sleepwalking through his own life - just going through the motions each day, and nothing really matters to him. He is a war correspondent who hates war. Greene writes, "I thought again, as I had thought when I saw the dead child at Phat Diem, I hate war" (Greene 195). He is a selfish man who wants a woman all to himself, but ultimately knows that is the wrong choice, and a human with very human failings. He is a convoluted character, sometimes charming and sometimes offensive, but always interesting."
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Criminal Justice, 2007.
An examination of the basis and implications of the exclusionary law of evidence collection.
831 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of the exclusionary rule in criminal justice. Specifically, it describes the basis for the rule that puts restrictions on the way in which the police department can conduct a search, when they can search and where they can search. It describes the basis of this rule as being the suspected criminal's rights under the Fourth Amendment and discusses the implications of this law for criminal justice.
From the Paper
"The exclusionary rule is "the principle that the prosecution in a criminal case may not use evidence obtained in violation of the Constitution, particularly evidence derived from illegal search and seizure in violation of the Fourth Amendment" (Clapp, 2000, p. 169). The purpose of the exclusionary rule is to curb illegal and invasive behavior by law enforcement by putting restrictions on the way in which they can conduct a search, when they can search, and where they can search. Furthermore, it makes sure that the police have ample evidence to believe that the place and/or person to be searched contains the vital evidence for which they are looking."
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Society and Crime, 2007.
This paper offers an analysis of criminogenics and criminal behavior.
1,516 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how America is a criminogenic society, where people learn to adopt criminal tendencies and behaviors from their environment and surroundings. The paper bemoans today's chronic social crisis that is leading to increased incidences of child abuse, poverty, violence and inevitably crime. The paper explains the views of social theorists that society is responsible for the crime in that society. The paper provides a case history of a convicted black criminal and evaluates all the factors involved. The paper concludes that the environment in which this criminal was raised influenced his behavior as much as his personality or biological make up.
Outline:
America, The Criminogenic Society
Case History
Theories Regarding Case History
From the Paper
"A "criminogenic" society by definition is one where the people living within society are taught to become criminal by adopting deviant morals, beliefs and values. These deviant morals, values and behaviors derive from their cultural and environmental condition. Brown, Esbensen & Geis (2004) note that the "etiology of crime" is the foundation of criminology. Further the authors suggest that modern efforts at explaining crime have focused on among other areas, family violence, hate related crimes, violent consequences of human behavior and misconduct in the world of white color workers."
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'Jack Maggs', 2006.
This paper analyzes the novel 'Jack Maggs' by Peter Carey.
2,185 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer introduces, discusses and analyzes the novel 'Jack Maggs' by Peter Carey. Specifically, the writer discusses and interprets three major aspects of the novel: crime in the 19th century, class in London in the early 19th century and women and their roles in this place and time. The writer explains that 'Jack Maggs' is a historical novel in the tradition of Charles Dickens. The writer discusses that many critics compare this novel to Dickens' "Great Expectations", with Maggs taking on the Dickens' character of Magwitch. The writer maintains that the story is as much a tale of London and her history as it is a retelling of Dickens' work and even his own life. The writer concludes that 'Jack Maggs' is a compelling book that leaves the reader with a deeper understanding of the inner workings of London in Victorian times.
From the Paper
"Victorian England, the period for this richly detailed novel, was a time of great growth and change in society. The Industrial Revolution, with its machinery and mass production was underway, and British cities were filling up with thousands of people looking for work in the factories. Living conditions for the lower classes were deplorable at best. The London setting of this novel makes that quite clear. It shows London as vibrant and alive, but also dirty, smelly, and incredibly crowded. It was also a city filled with crime, poverty, and desperation.
It is not surprising that author Tobias Oates is obsessed with crime and criminology. He lived in a city where crime was rampant."
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Capital Punishment, 2006.
This paper examines at what age the death penalty should become an option for punishment for a person convicted of first degree murder.
2,387 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses at what age the death penalty should become an option for punishment for juvenile capital offenses and looks at relevant statistics. An analysis of data is performed through calculations of the answers provided in the questionnaire. Data analysis is further offered through a review of available, peer-reviewed, recent literature related to the death penalty in individual states and in some of the states as based on Department of Justice Bureau Statistics. The writer also considers trends in legislation, public opinion trends and trends in recent case-law.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Statement of Problem
Hypothesis
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Prediction of Research
Literature Review
Summary of Review of Literature and Findings of the Study
Works Cited
From the Paper
"Department of Justice Bureau of Statistics Report for 2004 shows trending related to capital punishment rising from 1974 into the early eighties and continuing to rise until the last few years of the 1990's decade and declining steadily to below the 1974 rate. In 1974 there were 149 individuals put to death in U.S. prisons, the figure rose showing a number of 223 in 1981 rising to 299 in 1986 and topping out in the year of 1996 at 317 prisoners executed for the year. In the year 2004 only 128 prisoners were put to death by execution in the U.S. The following is a listing of the number of executions by individual U.S. State totals spanning the years 1977 through 2004."
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