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Police and Communication, 2007.
This study discusses police officers' use of non-verbal communication to those whose primary language is not English.
3,215 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
The paper offers an analysis of police officers' ability to use verbal and non-verbal strategies to communicate in a culturally diverse community while performing police forensic service calls. The paper offers strategies for how to communicate within a culturally diverse community. The paper analyzes the use of signals and symbols, personal space and body language. The paper examines the three most common misunderstandings that happen in cross cultural communication. The paper emphasizes how non-verbal communication skills help the police and the practice of these skills earn plenty of goodwill for the police officers from the community. The paper concludes that communication is the essence of fighting crime.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"A police officer has to communicate, either through language, or nonverbally, through his body language, expressions, and gestures, to the people he deals with during the course of his duties. He would be definitely able to perform his duties better, if he were to learn the basics of the diverse cultures and people he comes into contact with, and if he was able to understand their gestures and signals well. Today, the concept of community policing' is fast catching up, and it is hoped that when a police officer becomes more involved with his community, then he would be better able to fight crime, by communicating better with them. Nonverbal Communication is a type of communication that can be defined as being based on the use of signals and body language and other similar paralinguistic and non linguistic messages in order to communicate with an individual. For example, when the person's primary language is something other than English, and the other person can only communicate in the English language, then nonverbal communication would be used to communicate something to the other."
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Juvenile Justice, 2007.
This paper discusses the debate whether juvenile criminals should be treated as adults.
1,771 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
The paper defends the treatment of juvenile offenders as adults by presenting a historical overview of juvenile crime in the US and presenting both sides of the argument. The paper discusses how some suggest that adolescents are immature with insufficiently developed brain structures. They emphasize rehabilitation and treatment for them rather than punishment and retribution. The paper explains how opponents of leniency, however, underline the importance of "adult punishment for adult crimes" and believe that only the prospect of punishment would deter juvenile criminals from perpetrating vicious and violent crimes on their victims. The paper maintains that only by treating the juvenile criminal as an adult can we hope to control an escalation of crime among young people.
Outline:
Historical Overview of the Juvenile Crime in the US
Arguments For and Against
Application of Theory to the Topic
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The earliest forms of crime control laws in human societies were based on brutal punishments and made little distinction between juvenile and adult offenders. Largely, as a reaction to such inhumane forms of punishment, some European philosophers and social reformers began to introduce the philosophy of 'correction' and rehabilitation of criminals in the 17th century. As the juvenile offenders were considered to more amenable to reform, separate judicial system for younger criminals was introduced."
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Sex Offender Rehabilitation, 2007.
A review of literature looking at the success of using victims of sex offenses in sex offender treatment programs.
6,033 words (approx. 24.1 pages), 29 sources, MLA, $ 142.95
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Abstract
The literature review presented in this paper, focuses primarily on the historical origins of using victims in sex offender treatment programs. The paper further explores the nature of empathy, guilt and shame and the relationships shared among each of these variables. The intent of the review is to provide valuable feedback related to the efficacy of concurrently using each of these variables in treatment programs geared toward sex offenders.
Outline:
Introduction
Historical Overview Using Victims In Sex Offense Rehabilitation
Theories of Empathy
Theories of Guilt and Shame
Relationship of Guilt/Shame and Empathy: Effects on Intervention
Concurrent Use of Empathy, Guilt and Shame in Therapeutic Intervention
Literature Review Summary
Discussions/Conclusions
References
From the Paper
"Guilt and shame are often intimately tied to criminal acts involving sex offenses. There is a body of research suggesting that the presence of guilt and shame among sex offenders may inhibit any efforts toward building empathy within the scope of a rehabilitative treatment program. Kubany & Watson (2003) for example suggest that the construct of guilt has received relatively little attention from researchers but may have a negative impact on programs designed to help build empathy among sex offenders. They propose a multi-dimensional model to measure the magnitude of guilt one may experience after a negative event, suggesting that the more guilt a sex offender feels the more likely the guilt is to affect their ability or capacity to express empathy."
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Sex Abusers, 2007.
This paper examines the issue of sex abuse and focuses on the sexual abusers of children.
2,647 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that the sexual abuse of children is clearly a complex social issue. The writer maintains that the criminal justice system alone is unable to deal with the problem effectively. Further, the writer notes that punishment will not cure the problem and in fact, some current ways of approaching sex abuse is counterproductive. This paper discusses that as a society, one expects the criminal justice system to deal with this complex social problem, but this really says more about a societal fixation on punishment than a desire to actually deal with the problem. The writer concludes that society must learn to deal with sex offenders in a way that truly protects the children.
From the Paper
"Kitzinger did a combination feminist and media study to determine how ordinary people learn about sexual abuse and what role the media play in disseminating information and influencing the judgements people make about it. She combined three sets of interviews, the first of which took place in the early 1980s when she helped to set up a hotline for sexually abused girls. Because the girls wanted to learn about other survivor's experiences, she then began to interview adult women and also mothers of sexually abused children. She collected 40 interviews between 1984 and 1989--a time of social change when awareness of sex abuse came into the public consciousness. In 1992 she got a grant to investigate the role of media in covering sexual abuse. She interviewed journalists and their sources, analyzed a whole year of media coverage, and worked with 49 focus groups of ordinary people in their churches, community centers, and clubs to discuss their views about children and sex abuse. Finally, she researched grass roots demands for notification when sex offenders are released from prison and re-enter the community."
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Conflict Resolution, 2007.
A qualitative examination of humanistic psychology's effect on conflict- resolution ability among adolescent gang members.
919 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This research proposal evaluates adolescent participation in gang culture using principles of humanistic psychology. Specifically, the researcher explores whether humanistic psychology, with particular attention to the works of Carl Rogers and Virginia Satir, provides insight in dealing with adolescents participating in gangs. The paper examines whether adolescents can learn to give empathy using this theory and, if so, if this will help them embrace conflict-resolution techniques within their gang cultures.
Outline:
Introduction/Purpose
Background To Question/Significance of Study
Methods:
Research Design
Operational Definitions
Procedures
Statistical Analysis
References
From the Paper
"The use of holistic health practices including humanistic psychology for issues related to violence and violence prevention in youths and adolescents is well documented (Makinson & Myers, 2003) Multiple agencies including the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Medical Association have emphasized the criticality of addressing adolescents who are consistently exposed to violence, including children who participate in gang related activities (Makinson & Myers, 2003)."
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Crime Control, 2007.
An analysis of CompStat, a police crime-tracking and management tool.
1,390 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the belief of criminologists that police don't really play an important role in crime prevention; rather crime is a sociological and cultural problem that needs to be solved. The paper examines the CompStat system where cities and their police departments are afforded a better chance to handle crime and criminals. This system works on the principle that by controlling serious crime, police are better poised to maintain order and solve other community problems in the promotion of public safety. The paper relates that the CompStat management process has indeed helped police stay up to date on any recent crime changes that have taken place.
From the Paper
"The CompStat management process has indeed helped police stay up to date on any crime changes that have taken place in neighborhoods within the recent past - crimes of all major types. CompStat, a crime-tracking and management tool, has helped to "increase accountability within the department, with a view to more effective crime reduction" according to a report by the Worchester Regional Research Bureau (WRRB) (2003). One primary reason for CompStat's success, according the Worchester report, is that was adopted from "tried and true management and organizational methods used by corporations.""
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The Nuremberg Trials, 2007.
A comparison of the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the Nuremberg trials.
1,073 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the connection between the Declaration of Human Rights, the ICC and the Nuremberg trials. The research presented throughout this review is significant to the existing body of knowledge about this subject because it demonstrates the progression of various international laws. The paper discusses how the Nuremberg trials which laid the foundation for the Declaration of Human Rights and the International Criminal Court. The paper addresses the hypocrisy of the United States for not supporting the formation of the ICC.
From the Paper
"As a result of the Nuremberg trials and the holocausts the United Nations believed it necessary to establish the Declaration of Human Rights. The literature review explores that different articles established by the declaration. The literature review emphasizes the articles that discuss that human rights are for everyone regardless of race, sex or religion. This point is significant because the declaration of human rights was actually established before America established its own civil rights laws. The review also emphasizes that slavery and servitude should not be the condition of any human being. This article was designed to dissuade governments/institutions from instituting policies by which people are subjected to servitude or slavery."
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Edmund Kemper - The Co-ed Killer, 2007.
An analysis of the juvenile criminal justice system, focusing on the conviction of Edmund Kemper.
1,335 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces and discusses the topic of criminal justice. Specifically it discusses the juvenile offender Edmund Kemper, also known as the Co-ed Killer. The paper analyzes concepts of juvenile delinquency and the justice system. It describes how the system deals with juvenile offenders and whether it is successful in rehabilitating offenders.
From the Paper
"The solutions to the problem of juvenile offenders are varied and difficult. Some juveniles seem to understand their actions and their ultimate danger to society, as Kemper did. Others seem unable to understand their violent tendencies or seek help for them. Once they are inside the criminal justice system, these offenders can fall by the wayside in the wake of other more serious offenders, or they can simply be pushed aside as caseloads and workers shortages take their toll on the system. In Kemper's case, the juvenile system let him and society down. They did not follow up on his accusations against his mother, or ensure that his release into society was going smoothly. Instead, they dropped the ball, and Kemper had free reign over himself. The CYA only kept Kemper for three months before they let him go, and clearly, that was not long enough. His treatment was not complete, and he dreaded his home life. The doctors should have been able to see that he was seriously disturbed, and might never be able to function normally in society. Ultimately, the solution is more studies into offenders such as Kemper, so that doctors and the criminal justice system have a better idea how to treat and restrain seriously mentally ill offenders."
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School Shootings, 2007.
An analysis of school shootings and how things have changed in the last fifty years.
976 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper shows how school shootings have made the news for over a decade now, but the roots of these shootings go back many years. The paper examines how school shootings are another way our society is becoming more violent, unhappy and consumed with hatred. They indicate problems at the very root of society; children are supposed to be the hope for the future but they increasingly do not see a future ahead of them. The paper suggests that creating a less violent society might help decrease school shootings. The paper discusses how school shootings are the result of a disintegrating society and to fix the problem, society needs to change.
From the Paper
"School violence is not a new phenomenon. The first study of school violence occurred in the 1970s, when the federal government sent the Safe School Study to principles, students, and teachers around the country (Kondrasuk et al.). Some of the first modern recorded school violence began in the 1970s, and has continued until today. Many people feel school violence is on the rise, and that may be true. A group of authors cite, "The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) stated that 71% of public elementary and secondary schools experienced at least one violent incident in the 1999-2000 school year and 36% reported at least one violent crime to the police during that time" (Kondrasuk et al.)."
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Gang Punishments, 2007.
This paper presents an examination of the effectiveness of gang enhancement legislation.
1,453 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the gang problem as a serious one, in which the dynamics create a cycle of feeling alone, finding a "family" in the gang membership, committing acts of violence for the gang and becoming incarcerated. The paper discusses how the legislative action that is aimed at enhancing punishment packages will provide leverage for those who prosecute gang members. It will also act as incentives for those who have not yet been caught to change their lives before getting into legal trouble. The paper relates how statistics have shown that since the introduction of such packages, the gang problem has begun to taper off or stabilize which indicates they are, in fact, effective.
Outline:
Introduction
Gangs
Enhancing Punishments
Step
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The gang issue in America is not a new one. Gangs have been around for many years but in the past couple of years the violence and gang related crime has escalated significantly. Police departments across the nation have developed gang units in which the specific purpose is to target and curtail the area's gang criminal activity. There are many different gangs, with many different names however, they all have certain commonalities in that they are driven by criminal activity, they have involvement with the drug industry and they recruit members to keep their numbers strong."
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'Casino', 2006.
A review of Martin Scorsese and Nicholas Pileggi's book 'Casino'.
1,354 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the book 'Casino' by Martin Scorsese and Nicholas Pileggi. The paper begins by summarizing the story line in the book and then moves on to discusses the main theme of the book. According to the paper, the main theme of this book is the casino in Las Vegas and the involvement of the Mafia in casino life.
From the Paper
"One of the weaknesses displayed in the book however is the confusion that can occur about who is who. Because of the many characters involved one might find that they need to go back and reread passage to maintain a sense of who is who and what is happening in each sub story(Scorsese, Pileggi, 1995).
The book does succeed in the desire to drive home the truth of casino life from the 1960's to the 1980's(Scorsese, Pileggi, 1995). It introduces the Teamsters. Few people in America are not aware of the Teamsters and their reputed mob connections. The story brings the Teamsters front and center and provides a bird's eye view of that organization's ties to the mob and the power that it has to shut the nation down if the call went out to do so(Scorsese, Pileggi, 1995). "
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The Adolescent Dilemma, 2006.
An analysis of America's juvenile delinquency problem and a suggested solution.
1,144 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an examination of the adolescent dilemma in the United States with regards to juvenile delinquency. The paper explores gang issues, drugs and the juvenile justice system to provide an overview of the current climate in American juvenile life.
Contents:
Introduction
The Numbers
Who Is It?
Juvenile Justice System
Gangs
The Answer
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The problems with adolescent delinquency have continued to climb and perhaps even more alarming are the numbers of violent crimes that teens are committing. Recent research has indicated that out of every person between the ages of 10 and 17 years old, more than 9,000 arrests were made. Out of those crimes fourteen percent of them were arrested for murder. In addition another 14 percent were charged with aggravated assault and 17 percent committed forcible and violent rape acts. From those left 30 percent were charged with robbery and the final 25 percent were charged with various less serious offenses including truancy(Hanna, 2003).
Drugs have also become a major issue among America's youth today.
Gang involvement prompts drug industry involvement and for those who are not in gangs the drugs are there for the taking if they know who to ask(Hanna, 2003).
All in all the problem of teenage crime is getting out of control. "
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Computer Crime and Identity Theft, 2006.
A discussion regarding the use of modern technology for criminal activity and identity theft.
14,700 words (approx. 58.8 pages), 54 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper takes an in-depth look at crimes committed by means of the computer, the Internet and that of identity theft. The paper reviews various literary sources on this subject and on ways of combating and avoiding being a target for such a crime. The paper then goes on to describe in detail the various types of computer crimes.
Outline:
Chapter 2: Literature Review
2.1. The Status of Contemporary Research
2.2. General Overviews
2.3. Baselines: Intensive Research Areas
2.4. Literature on Combating the Problem of Identity Theft
Chapter 3 - How Does Identity Theft by Computer Take Place
3.1. Introduction: the Extent of the Problem
3.2.1. Phishing and Pharming
3.2.2. Other Security Issues
3.2.3 Mobile Threats
Chapter 4 - Business Best Practices
Chapter 5 - Measures Taken by the United States
Chapter 6 - Steps to Best Enable Secure Transactions
Chapter 7 - Conclusions: A Better Understanding
From the Paper
"Another factor that adds to the understanding of the extent of this form of crime is that it is becoming more appealing to the criminal as more people buy and communicate online. "Available evidence indicates that identity theft is becoming increasingly attractive for perpetrators vis-a-vis other forms of crime. In the United States, for example, identity theft is described as growing at a rate of 30% per year, with its losses estimated at reaching $8 billion by 2005." (Lacey & Cuganesan, 2004. p.244) One of the issues that the literature reveals with regard to the significance and impact of identity theft on the individual is that there is often a divide or a disparity between the actual reality of online security and the way that it is perceived. This perception is important, as analysis in this area indicates that the perception of security issues is a cardinal aspect in measuring the actual impact of online security on ecommerce, as well as in efforts to prevent identity theft. Experts point out that the way that the client or web user views the security threats is an important factor in ecommerce. The studies and data that relate to this perception will be investigated in depth in the next section of this study. However at this juncture it is important to discuss the reality and the nature of identity theft in order to answer some of the central questions of this study. "
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Right and Wrong under Consequentialist Thinking, 2007.
Questions whether it can sometimes be 'right', under consequentialist thinking, to do the wrong thing.
1,395 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
When considering a question ethically, one has to come up with the best solution possible. There are several methods of analyzing ethical questions that have been developed over the years. The two primary categories of methods are teleological, or consequentialist, and deontological. This paper considers whether or not it can sometimes be 'right' to do the 'wrong' thing, using consequentialist thinking. The paper uses the example of the question of whether or not it can sometimes be 'right' to reward offenders and punish victims of crimes, perhaps by letting offenders go scot-free, while dismissing the claims of victims for compensation.
Outline:
Introduction
Consequentialist Overview
Application of Consequentialist Thinking
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Although there are numerous positive outcomes with this scenario, to fully analyze the situation as a consequentialist, one must also consider the negative outcomes to see if the positive outweigh the negative. The negative consequences are more in line with traditional thinking when considering such a topic. Rewarding prisoners could possibly give incentive to criminals to commit crimes. Those who feel frustrated with their position in life may be more likely to commit a crime simply to receive the reward of education or job skills, in hopes of bettering their life circumstances."
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Drug Courts, 2007.
This paper discusses the Florida Senate Bill 1186 for establishing drug court programs in each county iin Florida.
1,124 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how SB 1186, relating to Drug Court Programs by Senator Lynn and other sponsors, would start institutionalizing drug courts in Florida by providing for a steady source of funds for the programs. This law mandated a $6 court cost on persons convicted of a violation and the money would fund the drug courts. The paper describes how the trend of drug courts had spread to almost every state. The paper explains how the judge, the prosecutor and the defense attorney work together with a shared goal of keeping the defendant in treatment. Drug court judges are able to exercise sufficient discretion and shape the system more suitably to each individual. The paper also notes the criticism of this system.
Outline:
Summary or Overview
Social Issue
Implementing Arm and Cost
Analysis
From the Paper
"It was sponsored by Senator Evelyn J. Lynn and co-sponsored by Senator Mike Fasano. S 397.334 established a drug court program in each county. Under s 318.121, a county may require by ordinance the assessment of a mandatory cost at $6 by both circuit cost and the county cost against every person who pleads guilty or convicted of the crime, regardless of adjudication, a violation of a state criminal statute, a municipal ordinance, county ordinance, or any violation, which results in the payment of a fine or civil penalty."
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