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Canadian Bush Pilots and Air Medical Services, 2008.
A discussion of bush pilots and the advent of air medical services in Canada.
2,290 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the rise of air medical and evacuation services in northern and remote areas of Canada after the 1920s, noting the continuing need for air ambulance services for Canadians living beyond road or rail networks. The paper points out that a great array of popular history material has been published in the last thirty years or so attesting to the romantic lives of bush pilots who indeed were often self-styled persons to occupy their own boundless milieu. The paper adds that a study of the many female bush pilots provides an intriguing aside on the women's history emphasis of the last decades that can lend an impression of women's domesticity that was by no means general. The paper concludes that, today, bush pilots retain their particular glamour, being well-equipped and trained with every benefit of modern communications and navigation, and still risking unusual, even ridiculous situations.
Outline:
Introduction
A Twentieth-Century Progression
Medical Services in Northern Canada
Saskatchewan
Training of Pilots and Medical Staff
Concluding Discussion
From the Paper
"With socialized medicine as a federal Canadian addition, outpost infirmaries and hospitals were incorporated into local communities but some memoirs refer to occasional doctors who carried on in remote service, radioing instructions to particular flying companies or pilots; instructions arrived via Royal Canadian Air Force stations, too, in a continuing range of services that has by no means subsided with the advent of tele-medicine. Nursing were sometimes found in contract posts who might be better described today as physician's assistants in their obstetrical and orthopedic skills, not a few of them turning to surgery where there was no doctor and air evacuation impossible in time to save lives. (Larmour 1988) The international profession of nursing took considerable interest in the post-World War II decades in what Canadian provinces and territories were beginning to pioneer in nursing stations, infirmaries, public information on when to bring patients to radio dispatch centres and all else done and learned by practitioners in the course of northern or Arctic service. (Waller 1964, King 1968, Smith 1972)"
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Workplace Evolution, 2008.
This paper discusses how and why the workplace has evolved regarding gender equality.
2,449 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at changes that have been brought about in the workplace due to the emergence of gender equality. The writer then looks at the first inclusion of women to the workforce and discusses the issue of equal pay and gender inequality. The writer maintains that the gendered stereotypes have fallen one by one as women and men have interacted in the workplace. The writer points out that both women and men have reacted to their situation as their skills and abilities have required, rather than through the prism of some supposed stereotypical response that is driven by gender. The writer concludes, however, that certain stereotypes, based as they are on some form of fact, may prove more difficult to accommodate in the culture until new technologies and alternate arrangements that negate the effects of these differences are implemented.
Outline:
Background Information
Change
Operational Definition: Corporate America
Operational Definition:Traditional Organizational Cultures
Theories
Glass Ceiling
Gendered Stereotypes
From the Paper
"In Roe v Wade the woman's right to make decisions about her own body through abortion was considered. The justices of the Supreme Court concluded that women were given individual rights as citizens of the United States through the Bill of Rights and the United States Constitution. According to the justices, those individual rights included the ability of women to determine what would or would not happen to their own bodies through pregnancy or any other occurrence. Women across the country took this decision as a landmark decision that supported the control women had over their own lives and their quest to implement that control in all areas of existence."
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Women and Philanthropy, 2008.
An analysis of the differences between men and women regarding philanthropy.
1,880 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the relationship between women and philanthropy. It discusses if women differ in their giving methods from men and how women respond to being approached for giving to an organization. The paper also examines whether there are certain query methods that women prefer and if they prefer not to be approache as well as how they choose the charities to which they give.
Table of Contents:
Stereotypes in Philanthropy
Do Men and Women Really Differ?
How Do Women Give?
Approaching Women
What Rewards are there for Philanthropy?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to the Council of Michigan Foundations [CMF] (n. d.) "women take philanthropy personally" (p. 7). Women need to be drawn into committing funds to a cause. They may feel the need to volunteer before donating money, feeling that they want to be part of the process (CMF, n. d.). However, women's giving is also affected by the age of the women being approached, based on their attributes and the issues that affect their cohort. In addition, women often become involved in charitable causes through personal relationships, such as friends, family, and business relationships. Frequently, the best way to reach them is through women's networks, although women with professional advisors can be reached through those individuals or organizations (CMF, n. d.)."
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Anorexia Nervosa, 2008.
An argument that anorexia nervosa is a social construction that maintains balance in gender relations.
1,822 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how anorexia serves the purpose of ensuring that women remain in their proper position in society, with only limited power. The paper explains the beauty myth and how the female body has been socially manipulated as a means to maintain the current system of power relations between the sexes and profit the weight loss industry. The paper discusses how none of this pursuit would be possible without the mass media which defines the ideal body image and gains by exploiting the image of the anorexic. The paper appends a large amount of source material to the paper.
Outline:
Introduction
The Beauty Myth
The Body as Part of Culture
The Mass Media
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Anorexia nervosa is a condition that affects virtually only women and is also an epidemic which has attained similar proportions to AIDS. Far from being a disease on the personal level, anorexia involves the whole society and its structures. The most effective way to approach anorexia is through the structural functionalist perspective because anorexia serves a purpose in maintaining the status quo for the society. Wolf (1997, p. 187) terms the trend the great weight shift which "must be understood as one of the major historical developments of the century, a direct solution to the dangers posed by the women's movement and economic and reproductive freedom"."
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Indian Women's Feminist Movements, 2008.
A review of four articles regarding the ideology of feminist movements that existed within the Indian Nationalist Movement.
2,277 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the pragmatism of the women's feminist movements in Indian history by presenting the points of view expressed in articles written by four different authors, namely: Suruchi Thapar-Bjorkert's "The Domestic Sphere as a Political Site: A Study of Women in the Indian Nationalist Movement", Carol Hills' "Nationalism and feminism in Late Colonial India: The Rani of the Jhansi regiment 1943-1945", Basu Apama's "Feminism and Nationalism in India, 1917-1947", and Stephen Legg's Gendered Politics and Nationalized Homes: Women and the Anti-Colonial Struggle in India: 1930-47". The analysis and discussion of these articles represents a critical view on the nature of feminism in India during the rise of Indian nationalism during the early and middle parts of the 20th century.
Outline:
Introduction
Analysis and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Basu Apama's article "Feminism and Nationalism in India, 1917-1947" dictates the state of feminist movements during a wide range of history, but provides the tenets of the feminist movement that was seen through the rise of Indian nationalism. Apama's argument for feminist liberation resides on the power of Mahatma Gandhi who actively supported the various feminist movements that sought to derail the traditional patriarchal constructs of violence as a form of opposition:
[Gandhi] claimed that women were better than men in waging nonviolent passive resistance because they had greater capacity for self-sacrifice and endurance, were less self seeking, and had moral courage.
This aspect of the women's movement helped to bring many women into the nationalist movement in India, but certainly, the pragmatic aspect of this foundation for feminist involvement only supports a patriarchal construct. One critical view of this feminist" ideology is that women were actively still performing a submissive role that could still deemed submissive to the male roles of aggression and "violence." The basis of a feminist movement in India appears to be validating the aggressive and submissive roles of women, especially when Apama defines women through Gandhi's ideology for being "less self seeking" in their agenda as a women seeking liberation. This begs the question: Were women merely being used as human shields through their typically submissive female roles in Indian nationalism? The pragmatism of Apama's article surely does not answer crucial questions as to how women were being liberated due to the often powerful men that still controlled political and traditional male roles in Indian society. Although feminist movements began to become more organized, the issue of its effectiveness is highly questionable under the policies of Gandhi in this period of history. In this manner, Apama promotes the freedom of women from the bonds of patriarchal institutions, yet there is little evidence that they made advances in reducing the often submissive stereotypes and generalizations made about them by the male donated nationalist movements in Indian history."
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Women and Power, 2008.
This paper examines the power of women in "A Proper Goodbye" by Katherine Vlassie, "Suitcase Lady" by Christie McLaren and "The Other Family" by Himani Bannerji.
1,359 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at how the power of women is constrained in ideological and socio-economic ways in three different stories; "A Proper Goodbye" by Katherine Vlassie, "Suitcase Lady" by Christie McLaren and "The Other Family" by Himani Bannerji. The paper discusses how the women in "A Proper Goodbye" and "Suitcase Lady" seem to have become relatively powerless, while the women in "The Other Family" have successfully resisted the forces seeking to limit their power.
From the Paper
"The story The Other Family(1990) looks at how ideology is combined with physical appearances in order to determine what a proper family is. In this story the daughter draws a picture of a family. However, the family she draws is comprised of blond haired, blue-eyed white people. This would not be problematic except for the fact that the narrator's family has dark skin and hair. This leads to a conflict between the mother and the child."
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Helen Longino's "Pornography, Oppression and Freedom", 2008.
This paper rejects Helen Longino's position on pornography as presented in her work, "Pornography, Oppression and Freedom: A Closer Look".
1,235 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Helen Longino argues in her article "Pornography, Oppression and Freedom: A Closer Look" that pornography by its nature is harmful to women and should be controlled and eliminated. The author maintains that Longino bases this position on tenuous distinctions between pornography and erotica and on the liberal use of universal claims about the effect that pornography has on women and their place in society. The paper contends that, despite her superficially well-reasoned article, a closer examination of Longino's claims and analysis reveals problems that undermine her argument. The paper then asserts that pornography cannot be considered necessarily and categorically harmful to women. The paper concludes that the marginal harm that pornography might cause in isolated incidents is not great enough to justify banning pornography and restricting this form of sexual expression.
From the Paper
"Longino argues that these harms are cause enough to invoke laws and regulations that would limit freedom of expression and sexual expression. But are these harms entirely plausible? Is the potential for these harms to be realized justification enough to ban pornography. F.M. Christensen would say no, that efforts to ban pornography through limitations on freedoms--especially freedom of expression--is reprehensible and much more harmful to society than the potential ills of pornography. On this point, I agree with Christensen."
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Marriage, Relationships and Society, 2008.
A comparison of two articles:"Marriage: Then and Now" by Stephanie Coontz and "Family Responsibilities: The Politics of Love and Care" by Meg Luxton.
1,038 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses two articles that both deal with the interrelationships between domestic relationships and the broader society: :"Marriage: Then and Now" by Stephanie Coontz and "Family Responsibilities: The Politics of Love and Care" by Meg Luxton. The paper explains that Coontz supplies the reader with an interesting account of the history of marriage, showing how it has changed according to dominant social and historical trends. The paper then points out that Luxton shows how neoliberal capitalist policies have impacted family relationships and that the assumption that families must be self-reliant, and independent of the capitalist economy, dates back to 18th century liberalism. The writer concludes that both of these articles are written from a starting point of love and caring and both have an underlying agenda of promoting the greatest possible amount of individual and family happiness within the realities of our current society. The writer also believes that both articles provide useful insights into social realities, and constructive suggestions that can increase the happiness of many relationships.
From the Paper
"The underlying assumption of Coontz's article is that marriage is one of the many mechanisms of our society - it will thus change according to various social demands made on it. She does not appear to see any malevolent forces at work in this - marriage is simply an inanimate institution whose functions grow or contract depending on the pressures brought to bear on it. By contrast, Luxton's article does seem to pinpoint some malevolent forces at work. She blames what she calls the neoliberal agenda for the reduced role that the state is playing in fulfilling social responsibilities. Thanks to neoliberalism. She believes that the well-being of families has become subordinate to the well-being of business."
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"Gender Equality in Iranian History", 2008.
A review of "Gender Equality in Iranian History - from Pre-Islamic Times to the Present (2006)" by Minoo Derayeh.
2,099 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 0 sources, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the book "Gender Equality in Iranian History - from Pre-Islamic Times to the Present (2006)" by Minoo Derayeh is written in a methodical, clear manner, explaining how Iranian society and women's experience altered sharply with the 1979 Islamic Revolution. It looks at how the book can be considered an effective guide that promises an account of a radical departure from centuries of pre-Islamic and Muslim women's history.
From the Paper
"The fourth chapter on modernity and tradition notes a number of issues concerning Sunni vs. Shiite Islam, how the hijab was adopted or ignored in Iranian society, as time went on, the veil in Iran explained as a custom that indicated class membership in the beginning - a reality that Western feminists often miss, in a preoccupation with covering the head as somehow indicative of oppression, even though Western women wore hats two generations ago in religious settings or as signs of respectability. On a more amusing note, such scholars need to live in warm climates without covering the head to sense the aesthetic and practical appeal of the veil, the plight of the Iranian poor woman unable to cover herself plain. Much later, the veil became attached to Islamic ideology, a pre-Islamic convention attributed to female religiosity and modesty by the regime of 1979. "
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Feminist Elements in Literature: A Comparison, 2008.
An analysis of the feminism in "The Color Purple" by Alice Walker and "Beloved" by Toni Morrison.
1,229 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper compares and contrasts the feminist elements within "The Color Purple" by Alice Walker and "Beloved" by Toni Morrison. The paper addresses the issues of female victimization, gender roles and feminist liberation. The paper shows how the crucial elements of feminism depict a greater sense of female identity in African-American literature.
From the Paper
"Alice Walker reveals issue of feminist victimization through her characterization in The Color Purple. The evolution of mostly male perceptions of life through racism was the norm until women writers began to change this focus in African American literary forums. Nellie often takes on the part of victim to male aggression, since she has been raped repeatedly by her owner, and the other abusive males in her life. Walker's portrayal of Nellie is very similar to the way and manner in which Morrison depicts her female roles in Beloved, such Sethe. However, the major difference between these two women is the way that slavery has affected them, and how they had let it affect their lives."
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Zora Neal Hurston's "Their Eyes Were Watching God", 2008.
This is a book review of "Their Eyes Were Watching God" by Zora Neale Hurston.
928 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper evaluates the feministy maturation of the character Janie in Zora Neale Hurston's, "Their Eyes were Watching God". The author analyzes the male relationships in the main character's life that help Janie grow a stronger sense of female identity. In the conclusion of the paper, the author explains how the novel provides a gender construct that defines the abusive male relationships the character goes through for her personal growth as a woman.
From the Paper
"This literary study will analyze the male relationships in Janie's life that help her to grow a stronger sense of female identity in Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston. Janie slowly becomes more mature in her view of men, as often-abusive marriages tend to teach her the nature male aggression, which has been brought down to her through her familial relatives. In essence, Janie learns to discover and mature an independent feminist identity that is the result of multiple abusive male relationships in Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston.
"Janie Crawford is a woman that begins her young adult life by being coerced into marrying a powerful man, Logan Killicks. Nanny is responsible for her being pressured into becoming involved with this man, as she does not wish Janie to suffer under the same conditions she had undergone as a slave. Hurston defines Nanny as an important figure that was raped by a white plantation owner, and now wishes her granddaughter to avoid this tragically horrific life. However, Logan soon turns to physical abuse, as Janie quickly becomes a mere object in his rise up the economic ladder. This misogynist objectivity makes Janie a servant, much as Nanny was as a slave to her white master. When Logan turns to hitting Janie, it is Joe Starks that recognizes (at this point in the novel) her beauty and individuality, providing an important incentive for Janie to leave Logan:"
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Wage Inequality, 2008.
This paper looks at the connection between later marriages and wage inequality.
986 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that with the rise of overall wages in America, there still remains a great amount of discrepancy in the wage equality between men and women. The writer notes that data shows that in the 1970s to the 1990s, the marriage age increased, as did the income inequality between men and women. The writer maintains that it is likely that these two issues are linked, for without one, there is little chance that there will be another. The writer concludes that the rising wage inequality has resulted in an unwillingness for women to marry, and will result in a propensity for the marriage age to continue to increase.
From the Paper
"For many years, males were seen as the primary breadwinners for the household. They were the ones who would leave the home each morning, head off to work, and spend their day trying to make ends meet for their family. Their entire life was structured around their work schedule, and their family was merely an accommodation to that schedule. As the primary wage earner, men were also in a position of greater equality with other men. They were able to work on a relatively level playing field that focused on skills, ability, and education as the keys to success.
"Women were not so lucky in this timeline. As their husbands went off to work, they were left at home to maintain the family. It is not a bad thing that this is the case, for many women have found a tremendous amount of fulfillment from raising a family. However, these women did not have any other options."
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Creating a New Trust, 2008.
This paper discusses creating a new trust between the Canadian police and Aboriginal women of Canada.
2,046 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that Aboriginal women in Canada suffer a long-standing distrust of Canadian police that compromises their safety and citizenship. The writer notes that like all Canadians, First Nations women need police support to deter violence and injustice against them. If they cannot turn to the police, a fundamental democratic right that they are entitled to is not functioning properly. The writer points out that this problem has been written about by Aboriginal women's groups, Canadian policing organizations, and even Amnesty International. The writer maintains that the mainstream Canadian police continue to fail Aboriginal women because they lack the imagination necessary to conquer the problems that Aboriginal women face. Or, perhaps provincial police and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police have a good idea, but they lack the courage to employ it. The writer concludes that in either case, all Canadian citizens would benefit from new police initiatives that work for everyone.
From the Paper
"It is exceptionally difficult, even in mainstream Canadian society, for a woman to extricate herself from a situation of domestic abuse. This requires financial and legal support. It means walking away from someone she once loved, or may still love. It means turning your life upside down while working with the police to ensure her safety. This is critical: without police support, a woman is open to harassment and assaults from not just her former spouse, but from anyone."
"But what if she distrusts the police? What if the police are, in her view, just another brutal gang that may well take advantage of her? A woman in peril cannot be expected to choose the protection of an untrustworthy bunch of thugs over the thug she intends to extricate herself from. That would be compounding her problem, rather than reducing it. As one Aboriginal writer noted in The Manitoban Online, even Native women who had been severely brutalized by family members still felt less safe when police were seen on the reservation."
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Feminist Methodologies, 2008.
An analysis of the shortcomings of traditional feminist methodologies for analyzing cultural practices that are unfamiliar or challenging.
1,873 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly describes traditional feminist methodologies for analyzing cultural practices that are unfamiliar or challenging. It highlights the shortcomings of the methodologies and discusses potentially more appropriate methodology. The writer considers how the task of finding more appropriate methodologies is made more difficult for her by the fact that it frequently challenges her own culturally normative ideas about gender relations.
From the Paper
"For many years Western feminists have positioned themselves within their own Western culture, assuming that they occupy higher ground, in the sense that the Western culture is liberal, individualist, and a lot less sexist than non-Western cultures. From this point of view, Western feminists have felt free to pity their non-Western sisters, and also to attempt to "save" them - for example, Abu-Lughod (2002) takes issue with the fact that Americans have taken it upon themselves to "save" women in Afghanistan from the Taliban and the burqa. Volp (date) sums it up, stating that Western women theorizing about non-Western women living within Western nations have erred because of their "conflation of racialised immigrant communities and regressive sex-subordinating culture in a variety of contexts, including female genital surgeries and so-called "cultural defenses" (p. 109). It has become clear that this way of analyzing other cultures has serious shortcomings. For one thing, as Narayan (1997) points out, it distorts analyses. When information is gathered about women in other countries, this information crosses borders, and loses much in the crossing. The information becomes distorted. Another problem is that culture is blamed for the problems of non-Western women, in a way that is never done for Western women, with the result that Third World women are deemed to have suffered "death by culture" (Narayan, 1997, p. 84). For example, a woman in the West who is shot or strangled by her husband is deemed a victim of domestic violence, but a woman in India who is burnt to death by her husband is deemed a victim of culture, because this method of murder is seen as exotic, and therefore culture-specific. One of the problems with this mode of analysis, as Narayan (1997) points out, is that the Western feminist is unable to even see the connection between domestic violence and dowry-murders - the connection is invisible to her. Moreover, many American feminists are unaware that at least 1,400 American women are killed by their domestic partners annually - but extremely aware of dowry-murder. However, what is the real difference, apart from a difference in choice of murder weapon? Guns are the weapon of choice in the USA because they are ubiquitous, while fire is the weapon of choice in India, because fires are ubiquitous there."
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Sisterhood, 2008.
A discussion on Bell Hooks' article "Sisterhood: Political Solidarity Among Women" and Linda Carty's article "The Discourse of Empire and the Social Construction of Gender."
1,280 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Bell Hooks' article "Sisterhood: Political Solidarity Among Women." It then compares the concepts in her article to Linda Carty's article "The Discourse of Empire and the Social Construction of Gender." The paper argues that it is only through the construction of a multi-dimensional perspective on the realities of women's experience that we can hope to achieve a sisterhood based upon our common strengths and achievements.
From the Paper
"It is perhaps understandable that only someone who knows the lack of empowerment could understand the critical importance of the littlest piece of agency and strength in one's life. Hooks' perception of the fundamental divisions that fragment the potential Sisterhood - divisions fostered and reinforced by the structures of class and race that are deeply intertwined with white patriarchy - one recognizes the extent of the struggle that remains for women. Consider, for example, the unpleasant fact that many young women today would not identify themselves as "feminists" despite their lives being built upon the advantages won by decades of feminist struggle. When hooks writes of how the focus on shared victimhood led many "white women activists to abandon feminist movement when they no longer embraced the victim identity" (hooks 107) the weaknesses engendered in the women's movement by this wallowing in "victimhood" become apparent. I have sometimes wondered why so many women find the terms feminist and feminism disturbing and alien to them. Hooks' contention that they are operating from the illusion of power serves to explain this otherwise inexplicable aspect of social identification."
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