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African-American Literature, 2007.
This paper discusses the importance of African-American women writers.
1,518 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper examines African-American literature across the genres and mentions specifically the famous author, Toni Morrison. The paper discusses slave narratives, biographies and novels. The paper discusses how African-American literature has changed; the lives, beliefs and experiences of African-American writers today are different than the experiences of the first black authors. The paper shows how African-Americans have had a significant impact on the literature produced in the United States.
From the Paper
"Literature is very important. Many people love to read, and still others love to write. Together, they make a winning combination. Literature is often studied, but one aspect of it has been getting very little attention (Morgan, 1996). African-American literature has often times been ignored, or been only selectively visible, and this is especially true where women writers are concerned. However, this literature has become more important and significant in recent years, and this helps to show the important of African-American women writers."
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Minority American Women, 2007.
This paper discuses the lives of minority American women from Chinese, Mexican and African-American backgrounds as expressed by three authors: Judy Yung, Vicki Ruiz and Jacqueline Jones.
1,570 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the lives and experiences of Chinese, Mexican and African-American women are similar because they all faced severe hardship, discrimination, and degrading social conditions; however, due to their ethic identities and cultural roots, their experiences are dramatically dissimilar. The author points out that Vicki Ruiz, in her book "Out of the Shadows", takes readers through the immigration eras, beginning with Spanish-speaking women moving north out of Mexico centuries before the Euro-Americans arrived and that Judy Yung, in her book "Unbound Feet", writes about the history of Chinese women coming to San Francisco in the late 1800s. The paper relates that Jacqueline Jones, in her book, "Labor of Love, Labor of Sorrow" writes about the early twentieth century when black urban women participated in boycotts against segregated public facilities and resisted racist customs.
From the Paper
"But what was it like for a Mexican woman migrating into the U.S. in the early 20th Century? Ruiz writes that first of all getting across the border was challenging, particularly during the Mexican Revolution (1910-1921) when "starvation was not unknown and danger a constant companion ." Women were raped and kidnapped by soldiers and "marauders" while on their way north; it was back-breaking work once Mexicans arrived in the southwest, as many were paid twelve cents per day in the fields. Twenty-one percent of Mexican women in early 20th Century America worked in the fields."
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The Glass Ceiling, 2007.
This paper discusses whether efforts to remove the glass ceiling have been effective in creating equal opportunities for women in business.
1,521 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the term "glass ceiling" first became popular in the 1980s to describe the invisible but very real barrier keeping women from rising to positions of power in organizations across the US. The paper attributes this to the attitude of many corporations and managers that women cannot manage or lead effectively, the social pressures and roles that place women at a disadvantage and the idea that women are sometimes not aggressive or assertive enough in the workplace. The paper provides examples of several women who have risen to the top of their organizations, but concludes that society must begin to alter its ideals about female and male identities and stop gender from being a deterrent to job satisfaction and success in the workplace.
From the Paper
"More women are working than ever before, and more women are starting their own businesses. While it would seem that because there are more women in the workplace, there would be more female executives in large (and small) corporations, that is simply not the case. Two authors note, "Apart from upper management roles, the proportion of women in management at any level is disproportionate to their presence in the workplace" (Miller, and Lemons). Women still have enormous difficulty rising above the glass ceiling. Several authors write, "The glass ceiling is not simply a barrier for an individual, based on the person's inability to handle a higher level job. Rather, the glass ceiling applies to women as a group who are kept from advancing higher because they are women" (Morrison, White, Velsor, and The Center For Creative Leadership 13)."
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Female Faculty Compensation, 2007.
An in-depth examination of the issue of gender compensation disparity at America's colleges and universities.
19,591 words (approx. 78.4 pages), 42 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
The paper studies the perceptions and realities of female faculty compensation at American colleges and universities. The paper determines that faculty women earn lower salaries than faculty men and they tend to occupy, in noticeably larger proportions, the lower rungs of the academic hierarchy. The paper discusses how disparities in women's pay and promotions are reflections of the wider society's prejudices and preconceptions. The paper recommends that college and university faculty and administrators work together to change views and institute real programs to change these long-established prejudices. The paper includes appendices.
Outline:
Chapter 1: Introduction
Background: Equality and the Workplace
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions
Significance of the Study
Research Design and Methodology
Organization of the Study
Chapter 2 : Literature Review
Equality in the Workplace as a Reflection of Equality in Society
Chapter 3: Gender Pay Inequity Among College and University Faculty
Why is Gender Pay Inequity Important?
The Value of One's Work and the Gender Inequality Experience
Chapter 4: Gender Pay Inequity Among College and University Faculty: Belief Vs Reality
The Beliefs
The Realities
Chapter 5: Conclusion
Introduction
Summary
Recommendations
From the Paper
"American society has changed dramatically in recent decades, and with it, the American workplace. Age-old assumptions and practices have been given up in favor of new outlooks and techniques. The last third of the Twentieth Century was a time of leveling, a period in which long oppressed groups fought for and, in many cases, gained their rights. Americans on all rungs of the socio-economic ladder looked at, and re-evaluated, the fundamental premises and promises of their nation and society. The United States was a country conceived in liberty, justice, and equality for all, principals that had not always been lived up to; opportunities that had not always been made available to all. After a long and hard struggle, ethnic and religious minorities obtained equality under the law. They fought for and won equal recognition in the voting booth, in the restaurants, clubs, schools, and the workplace. Conscientious citizens looked beyond the obvious minorities and discovered a full half of the American population that was suffering from discrimination. From the beginning, America's women had been denied their right to a full and equal participation in the American dream."
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African-American Grandmothers, 2007.
This paper compares the historic role of African-American grandmothers and their contemporary role as sole parent for their grandchildren.
1,675 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, under slavery and during the period afterward, older African-American women played active and respected roles in their communities as based on their African heritage, which venerated its elderly. The author points out that, in light of this history, it is not surprising that, in record numbers, African-American older women today are assuming the role of primary caregivers to their grandchildren due to social and addiction problems of the mothers of these grandchildren. The paper relates that the considerable stress of these women, who are permanently primary caregivers for their grandchildren, has resulted in their having many social, economic, physical and psychological problems.
From the Paper
"The number of grandmothers raising their grandchildren nearly doubled between 1970 and 2000--from 2.2 million to 4.5 million. During the 1990s, the biggest increase was among families with no parent present, usually because of social problems such as the mother's alcohol or drug abuse. Death from AIDS, long-term incarceration, and mental illness are other reasons. The trend has become a "dominant theme" for social work research, and the term skipped generation caregiver has come into use. Of all the children living with grandparents in the U.S., nearly 44% are African-American, a proportion that is six times greater than in white families."
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"In the Time of the Butterflies", 2007.
This paper discusses the role of Catholicism in Julia Alvarez' "In the Time of the Butterflies."
1,259 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that Julia Alvarez' novel "In the Time of the Butterflies" is based on the real story of the four Mirabal sisters, who take an active part in the Fourteenth of June Movement against the dictatorship of Rafael Trujillo in the Dominican Republic. The paper discusses how Catholicism is a very important element in the novel and demonstrates how religion shapes the very culture and identity of the Dominican nation.
From the Paper
"The main functions of the church in human life are those of kerygma or witness, litourgia or worship and diakonia or service. All of these three functions indicate the roles that the Catholic Church should play in the life of man, namely to witness the religion of Jesus Christ and to perpetuate it, to worship God as the sole divinity and to do service to men, that is to protect and support them at any time. In Alvarez' novel, the Church fails at the beginning in its main functions, as it becomes involved in the political game of power. When the Catholic Church backs the regime of Trujillo, it forgets the essential duties to God and man: it no longer acts as a witness to God when it comes to obey a single man, the dictator."
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Feminist Psychology, 2007.
This paper critically examines the feminist approach to counseling.
2,861 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the shortcomings and limitations of the feminist approach to counseling. The paper discusses how this approach initially overlooked women of color and how feminist therapy has responded with recent modifications of being more inclusive. The paper concludes that feminist psychology in favor of inclusion should act as a guide for the future attempt to bring non-feminist psychology and feminist psychology in line with the cultural diversity that exists in our increasingly global environment.
From the Paper
"Addressing the need for change, one of the pioneers of feminist psychology expressed the innate problem of the patriarchal system that was in place prior to the demands of women to enter the system and help elicit change. The concerns of this pioneer, Naomi Weisstein were that the attempt to redress and develop ideas about women's ability and value, as it applies to their human strengths and limitations, is built entirely on the foundation of masculine ideas about the strengths and weaknesses of women, as well as a sense of surety that is almost nauseating from a feminist perspective on many levels."
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Two Women's Dreams, 2007.
This paper compares and contrasts the female characters in "The House on Mango Street" by Cisneros Sandra and "The Whale Rider" by Witi Ihimaera.
1,284 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how women throughout history have been denied their rightful place in society on the basis of their gender. The paper illustrates this through the characters of Esperanza in "The House on Mango Street" and Pai in "The Whale Rider." The paper portrays how both characters have a common dream: to be recognized for their inner strength and individual worth. The paper shows how they both succeed in achieving their dreams but through different paths and disparate ideals.
From the Paper
"Whale Rider was released in 2002 in a cinematic version of the novel by the same name. The novel received greater recognition when the film garnered rave reviews. It is a story set in Maori tradition and revolves around two central characters Pai and Koro. Pai is a young girl who wants to prove to her grandfather that she can lead a tribe. Koro, is the stern grandfather, who refuses to believe that a woman can act as the chief. In a rare show of power struggle between Koro and Pai, the girl finally manages to prove her worth with the help of spirits of whales around."
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Reformation, 2007.
This paper discusses changes brought about by the Reformation relating to the family environment.
976 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that for every segment of the universal history, in order to have a proper image of the realities of the time, it is important to take into account all major aspects of the social order. From this perspective, the writer then points out that the family framework is representative for painting a relevant illustration of the era. The revolution in human thought must be seen from a historical perspective and background. The writer discusses that the Reformation brought along a series of changes that would prove to affect the future evolution of the family environment. The writer concludes that overall, it can be said that the Reformation had indeed an important influence upon the family environment of the Renaissance period.
From the Paper
"In the late middle Ages, at the beginning of the Renaissance, questions about the real value of the human being became again the centerpiece of philosophical thought. Scholars such as Pico Della Mirandola advocated the supremacy of man as the representative of God and the only receiver of Its Word. Accordingly, the woman was identified with sexuality and sin. Therefore, everything that was somewhat related to the woman as procreator, with family and children was treated with utter disregard and cruelty. In this context, the Reformation of the church was an important step in modifying the status of family member, both women and children."
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The Birth Experience, 2007.
This paper examines the influence of social, cultural and healthcare systems on the childbirth experience.
1,443 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that the birth experience has an impact on parental attachment to the infant, which can affect the quality of parenting for the child. The paper examines the factors that facilitate stronger attachment of the fathers to their infants. The paper presents an interview with a subject (referred to as BM) that reflects a more traditional view of the childbirth experience. The paper highlights how those responsible for a patient's care must be sensitive to all of their needs and must recognize the important role of fathers.
Outline:
Fathers and Pregnancy
Cultural Differences in Reactions to the Childbirth Experience
Case Analysis
From the Paper
"Cultural constraints of the past considered having children to be solely the role of the woman. However, recently these social roles have changed and fathers are now expected to be concerned over their pregnant spouse and to take a more active role in the birth experience. Despite these findings, fathers still report that they feel a lack of emotional involvement in the childbirth experience (Williams and Umberson, 1999). Evidence supports the suggestion that greater levels of involvement by fathers results in lower levels of stress. This helps both parents make the transition to parenthood (Williams and Umberson, 1999)."
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Fannie Lou Hamer, 2007.
This paper discusses the life and achievements of Fannie Lou Hamer.
2,404 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at Fannie Lou Hamer, civil rights speaker and political activist who was a grass roots leader of the southern Civil Rights movement. The paper provides a biographical sketch about Hamer and explains that the differences between her and other prominent civil rights activists are based on the fact that Hamer was an ordinary person. The paper describes the violence, coercion and many trials Hamer faced as a poor, dark black woman with little education.
From the Paper
"One of the most striking figures associated with the civil rights movement is a black woman from rural Mississippi that left a lasting impression in the minds of the nation. This woman was an outspoken and vital asset to civil rights for blacks in the south and especially with regard to the right to vote and the right to representation. Fannie Lou Hamer, civil rights speaker and political activist was a grass roots leader of the southern civil rights movement, beginning her career as an activist by making a bold attempt to register to vote in a region of the United States where countless legal and social obstacles were placed in front of her, as she was black and she was a woman."
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Radical Women, 2007.
This paper looks at women as they appear in 'Radicals of the Worst Sort' by Ardis Cameron and 'City of Women' by Christine Stansell.
1,624 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer notes that most literature, especially short stories and novels by women who lived during the Victorian era, depicted that era in the basest of terms. With this normal background about women kept in mind, the writer points out that it is interesting to read the two books, 'Radicals of the Worst Sort' and 'City of Women', which show a very different side of these Victorian-era women. The writer discusses that apparently, according to these two books, there were a number of women who led the way for a much more liberated female. The writer concludes that according to Stansell and Cameron, the women who strived for recognition and equality in the late 1800s and early 1900s must also be appreciated today for changing history.
From the Paper
"In her preface to City of Women, Stensell explains that her book entailed the misfortunes that women laborers suffered in New York City. She argues that working-class women introduced a separate way of life based on their particular role in society and at the mercy of bourgeoisie norms and values. In order to survive on their own, they found another way, albeit nontraditional, to make a living. This was the establishment of the first large population of female workers in the United States, which had an impact not only on them but the society as a whole that would continue into the rest of the 20the century for all women."
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Woolfe and Freud, 2007.
A comparison of Virginia Woolfe and Sigmund Freud's views on women.
1,541 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper describes and discusses the teachings of Sigmund Freud and Virginia Woolfe. The paper then compares Freud and Woolfe's views about women. The paper argues that Woolfe's views on women are much more realistic than Freud's are. The paper cites examples to support its argument and describes the writer's reaction to the theories.
From the Paper
"Freud's theory of the "oedipal conflict" does nothing to reduce the tension between men and women. In fact, as an explanation, it sustains the tension and conflict between the sexes because it makes it unavoidable. According to Freud, we are human beings who must go through certain stages of development. All children must fall in love with their mothers and want to kill their fathers and must work through their feelings of guilt, anger, and envy. Virginia Woolfe, on the other hand, points out the inequality that women are subjected to in "a man's world," and the unfairness of society in keeping women from realizing their highest potentials. Society can do something about these things. Opportunities can be made for women to get education and to do great things. Woolfe offers hope. Freud does not. For women, then, what Woolfe has to say is more relevant."
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Migration, 2007.
This paper discusses migration in the global market focusing on women's part in this issue.
2,905 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 29 sources, MLA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer maintains that the change in the outlook, approach, tactics and demand of the global market has put more pressure on businessmen and businesswomen to migrate internationally and take full advantage of the opportunities that are being presented due to the modified global market system. The writer discusses employment in the global marketplace, concentrating on women's place in this issue. The writer concludes that it is no new thing that women are very much a part of the developing world and play their part in its growth with skillful input in the job opportunities that they avail, yet the majority of the proportion of working women still occupy the lower managerial jobs and services pertaining to their racial, academic, ethnicity, religious conviction, communicative and English speaking skills leading to varied working conditions, paying scales and social-economic standards.
Outline:
Introduction
Women in the global workforce
Migrant women and global workforce
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This change in the outlook, approach, tactics and demand of the global market has put more pressure on the businessmen and businesswomen to migrate internationally and take full advantage of the opportunities that are being presented due to the modified global market system. Mostly, the hiring and promotional techniques of all global market employees is assessed on the division that their home towns and choice of migrated towns have when it comes to gender employment. The rising pattern that can be seen in the global migration is the move of many determined and independent women into the cutthroat world of global trade which, according to a report done by ILO in 2003, has led to the hiring and placement of women in highly susceptible positions. This particular concept is named the 'feminization' of migration and because of this 'feminization', and the jobs being provided to the women, the concept of the 'feminization of poverty' is emerging with a steady and healthy rise in the social-economic status of the women."
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Women in Contemporary Africa, 2007.
This paper argues the necessity of subverting and reformulating the so-called traditional images of women in contemporary Africa.
1,885 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper underscores that the idea that women must be inferior to men, which today permeates every level of African society, is not necessarily African traditional patriarchal values but rather a recent social construction of the instability of present-day African society. The author points out that, in the past, women had a clear, powerful social place not dominated by the males because the fundamental unit of African society was the family. The paper stresses that Africa must return to a truly equitable family structure, where both parents retain authority and responsibility for raising children. The author lists that this can be achieved by (1) women not marrying when they are still children themselves, (2) greater education and access to birth control and methods of family planning , (3) fostering African women's powerful networks and (4) changing Africa culturally and politically.
From the Paper
"Many African countries are still ruled by informal patriarchal norms governing women's place in sexual relationships. In some societies, women are unable to choose their sexual partners or husbands, rather these choices are made for them by their families. In the case of rape, female bodies are used as a tool of political insurgency, as demonstrations of the opposition's strength and will. In situations where men have the predominant social, political, and economic power, a woman is unlikely to be able to insist on the use of condoms, or to take measures to protect herself from HIV."
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