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Ecofeminism, 2007.
This paper discusses the ecofeminist theory that combines ecology with feminism.
1,910 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the origins of ecofeminism and discusses the three main aspects of the modern ecofemnist movement; philosophy, political activism and spirituality. The paper discusses how ecofeminism believes that the domination and oppression of women by men is directly related to the mistreatment of the environment. The paper explains ecofeminists' claims that women are suffering more from the adverse impacts of environmental degradation compared to men. The paper shows how ecofeminists attempt to force the international communities to include gender as a perspective for sustainable policy making.
From the Paper
"Ecofeminism is a political and philosophical movement that symbolizes the union of the radical ecology, or what has been called deep ecology, and feminism. "The term ecofeminism was coined by French theorist Francoise d'Eaubonne in 1972, who developed the "Ecologie-Feminisme" group, arguing that the destruction of the environment is due to the profit motif inherent in male power" (Ruether, 2005, p.91). Ecofeminism today has expanded to include the belief that there is a direct connection between the oppression of women, the oppression of 'the others' (through racism, class-ism, ethnic and religious intolerance etc.) and the domination and oppression of nature. Kirk, (2006), points out "how gender, race, class, imperialism and the global capitalist economy are connected to ecological destruction" (p.502). This oppression is twofold: it is ideological-cultural and it is socio-economic. The goal of ecofeminists is to eliminate this oppression and to change the conceptual framework, which is responsible for creating a world in which differences lead to domination."
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Women and Sports, 2007.
This essay discusses the issue of femininity as it relates to sports.
1,116 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer provides a reflection analysis of three different articles from three different periods. The writer looks at the following three articles: "No Man's Land of Sport" by Alexandrine Gibb, "Whitby Senior Public School Girls Win Third Straight Volleyball Crown" by Malcolm Johnson, and "Sports Briefs" from The Toronto Star. Specifically, the paper looks at the socially-constructed body as it pertains to women in sports. In addition, the writer discusses the issues of femininity that arise when looking at the three articles. In the end, the writer argues that attitudes vis-a-vis the female form and female involvement in athletics have evolved generally in a positive manner.
From the Paper
"Instead, coverage of women's sports veered towards the athletic abilities of female participants. For example, a January 1985 article in the Toronto Star mentions how Whitby Senior Public School's victory in the Durham Elementary Athletic Association volleyball championships is a testament to the commitment of the athletes involved. In particular, writer Malcolm Johnson approvingly cites coach Jim Higgs, who mentions both competitive zeal and commitment as well as skill as being the chief determinants of his team's success. Suffice it to say, these young girls are now viewed as athletes and as competitors rather than as mass commodities with "nice legs"; just as significantly, there does not appear to be any social construction of the female form at all in this particular article - although the young age of the female competitors involved necessarily argues against that, anyways. Nonetheless, athletic achievement has supplanted "old-fashioned" notions of femininity."
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Traditional Gender Roles, 2007.
This paper analyzes when changes have occurred in traditional gender roles.
1,027 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper reveals that in times of crisis, or in unusual circumstances, traditional gender roles are often ignored or relaxed. The paper illustrates this phenomenon by looking at the Suffragette Movement of the First World War era, the Second World War and the Women's Rights Movement of the nineteen-sixties and nineteen-seventies.
From the Paper
"The Suffragette Movement of the early twentieth century, which culminated in American women winning the right to vote, had been slowly gaining support among women for decades, but little progress was made until the First World War. This global conflict swept away traditional beliefs and values, and produced a brief era of idealism and liberalism. Millions of American women challenged prevailing attitudes about gender roles and rejected the centuries-old conviction that they should play no role in politics or government simply because they were women. (Collins 304-305)"
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Transcendence and Immanence, 2007.
An analysis of the concepts of transcendence and immanence in terms of Simone de Beauvoir's feminist analysis.
1,389 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the concepts of transcendence and immanence in terms of Simone de Beauvoir's feminist analysis. In this context, it argues that Beauvoir's use of these concepts to describe how the lives of women and men in society are distinctly culturally gendered, is not only substantiated when considered in its own historical context, but also illuminates our understanding of gender roles in Western society in the early 21st century.
From the Paper
"In conclusion, while it may justly be said that Beauvoir is "biased" in her use of the concepts of "transcendence" and "immanence" as descriptive models of the structures that support the oppression of women in everyday life, and in her objectives to subvert this oppression and promote the liberty of women, it cannot be said that her work display "gender bias" in this area. This term implies a level of "prejudice" that potentially undermines the value of a work given the particular interests or agenda of the author. Given the extraordinary care and attention of Beauvoir in her use of these concepts to reinforce her arguments with respect to the oppression of women in Western society, and the fact that these arguments have withstood the text of time and the critique of leading authorities and scholars over the past half-century, Beauvoir's use of "transcendence" and "immanence" cannot be represented as displaying "gender bias"."
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Women and the English Duel, 2007.
A look at women and duelling in the 17th century, as described in "The Female Duel," attributed to Thomas Toll.
917 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history of the English duel in the 17th century. The paper looks at the reasons for duelling - commonly over women, because of rival factions, over public office, because of family quarrels or inheritance and because of disputed honorifics. The paper suggests that far from being the ideal of nobility, duelling was in fact a sport of violence by which comparatively minor offenses were settled by blood. It then specifically analyzes women and dueling at that time and analyzes "The Female Duell," attributed to Thomas Toll.
From the Paper
"We could expect readers of the era to peruse this tale with a superficial sense of morality and civil decency that perhaps masked a deeper, more perverse, desire to read a story about two women who went out to fight formally over the love of a man. We can expect that then, as now, such a situation might have been the fantasy of more than one Englishman. Despite the fact that there are historical examples of women engaging in duels, fighting in battles, and even living as highwaymen, it was still much more rare than the sight of two men fighting over the love of a single woman. For the situation to be reversed highlights the extremes to which even the fairer sex can go in the name of love."
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Virginia Woolf and Professional Women, 2007.
A looks at impediments for professional women in the early twentieth century according to "Professions for Women" by Virginia Woolf.
786 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Virginia Woolf can be remembered as a feminist and how she left behind a rich legacy of literature, among which were several passionate appeals regarding the rights of women. In particular, the paper examines Woolf's essay, "Professions for Women", and how it discusses the impediments facing professional women writers of her time. The paper shows that Woolf believed that these impediments were applicable to all women professionals, not just writers. Thus, the paper argues, that Woolf's essay should be seen as an early piece of feminist writing.
From the Paper
"Woolf refers to these impediments as "phantoms and obstacles." The phantom she refers to is what she calls the Angel in the House. This phantom is a personification of the social strictures that were imposed on women in Woolf's time. These strictures dictated that a woman should defer to men in every possible way. The name of the phantom probably derives from the fact that it advocates the behaviours which men would deem appropriately "pure" or "angelic" for women, and from the fact that one of the most important strictures was that women should remain within the domestic sphere - and certainly not venture into the professional sphere."
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Women and the Enlightenment, 2007.
This paper provides an analysis of enlightenment thought and ideas in Mary Wollstonecraft's 'A Vindication of the Rights of Women'.
913 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Mary Wollstonecraft's seminal work, 'A Vindication of the Rights of Women', may be read as a product of the Enlightenment in terms of its privileging reason and the ideas of social progress and utility, in its critical analysis of the social structures that perpetuate female subordination in European society. This essay reviews Wollstonecraft's text from within the context of the Enlightenment. The writer argues the thesis that Wollstonecraft's proposals with respect to the central role of education in defining women's rights and freedoms reflect key Enlightenment values of reason, social progress and utility.
From the Paper
"From this Enlightenment perspective, ideas and arguments have value not in and of themselves but in how they advance the happiness of the greatest number of the human population. This premise is not only the basis of Wollstonecraft's critique of her fellow Enlightenment philosopher Rousseau but is also the justification for her entire argument that human society as a whole would benefit significantly from promoting the education and rationality of the female population."
"In advancing this program, Wollstonecraft considers the Enlightenment idea of "reason" to be absolutely central to promoting the rights of women and the social progress of Europe as a whole."
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Effects of Breast Cancer on Self-Image, 2007.
A literature review as to the effects of breast cancer on body image and self-image.
2,245 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the affects of breast cancer on the self-image of affected women. It begins by discussing how self-image is interrelated with body image, as well as preconceptions over the disease process. It analyzes the literature that discusses how a woman's body image can develop into a positive self regard over time as treatment progresses because the focus is on survival.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
Critique
Nursing Implications
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The studies produced several very significant findings. First of all, self-image eventually is altered in a positive direction as a result of a diagnosis of breast cancer (Kraus, 1999; Kieren & Nabboltz, 1997). Women do experience real fears and problems accepting themselves after chemotherapy and surgery. The women who had the most positive self image are those who "believed they had a choice regarding treatment, were active participants with the surgeon in the decision-making process, were well informed, and were very satisfied with their treatment decision 8 weeks after their breast cancer treatment" (Kraus, 1999). Patient teaching is the most important issue highlighted by these studies."
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Quality Of Life For Female Stroke Survivors, 2007.
An examination of quality of life issues following right-handed hemiparesis among female patients.
1,935 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the challenging issue of quality of life for stroke survivors. It specifically focuses on female survivors who are more prone to depression and poorer physical recovery. The paper examines stroke, also known as cerebral vascular accidents (CVA) in relation to quality of life experienced following a non-fatal, yet disabling, CVA. It specifically examines right-hand hemiparesis among females as it pertains to quality of life.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Definition Of Types Of Stroke
What Is Quality Of Life?
Literature Review
Quality Of Life
Gender Differences
Recovery Of Movement
From the Paper
"In conclusion, nurses must be keenly aware of the individual definitions of quality of life and when working with a stroke survivor, remain diligent in drawing the patient out in effective communication to ascertain how they believe their quality of life is being or has been affects by the stroke. Nurses spend more time with patients than any other health care professional; nurses foster a greater sense of patient trust than other health care professionals (Dr. Danielle West, personal communication, October 10, 2006). Nurses should use that trust to provide caring interventions for their patients, acting as case managers or advocates for the stroke survivor."
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Gender and Spirituality, 2007.
An analysis and comparison of gender and spirituality through an interview with Anna, a Wiccan Woman, and that of Nisa of the Kung peoples.
1,006 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This anthropological study evaluates an interview with Anna, a fifty-year-old Wiccan woman alongside that of Nisa of the Kung peoples. The basis of this comparison aims to define the similar spiritual and gender -based beliefs of each of these women, as they reveal their beliefs through their experiences in two differing environments. By evaluating these two women, the paper aims to show the similarities that stretch beyond normal societal barriers between indigenous and western cultures within a spiritual and gender role context.
From the Paper
"In this manner, the anthropological aspects of similarity between these women show a concerted effort to reach deeper beneath the surface features of their societies, and find particular experiences that defy the patriarchal aspects of their beliefs. Nisa is aware of how men are not absolutist in their views of gender roles, just as Anna is also aware that it is not men in general that is the problem within her beliefs, it is the gender role stereotypes created externally (through the media and education) that she chooses to battle. For Anna it is the male/female unification of gender roles of Wicca that reinforce her belief in greater feminine wisdom, which is also deeply embedded within the beliefs that Nisa imparts within the details of her spiritual life."
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African-American Women and Suicide, 2007.
This paper explores the possible reasons for the low suicide rates among African-American woman.
1,462 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper reveals that, although suicide rates are at epidemic proportions, suicide rates for African-American women are unusually low. The paper reviews the statistical patterns of suicide in the United States and in minorities around the world and discusses the plight of the African-American woman in relation to psychosocial and psychological issues. The paper then discusses coping devices used by African-American women that are associated with lower suicide rates.
Outline:
Plight of the African-American Women
Protective factors
From the Paper
"Eight hundred thousand (800,000) died by their own hand throughout the world in 2000; more than died that year in all of the wars and armed conflicts (McKenzie, Serafty & Crawford, 2003). With an average of 30,000 deaths per year, suicide is the ranked as the eighth leading cause of death in the United States, with the risk to white females being double that of all non-white minority groups combined (Mann, 2000). Among African Americans aged 25 to 44, suicide was considered the seventh leading cause of death in 2000 (Kaslow, Thompson, Meadows, Chance, Puett, Hollins, Jessee & Kellermann, 2000). In 2002, 1,939 African Americans committed suicide; of these only 306 were female, providing a male to female suicide ratio of 5.34:1 ("African American," 2004). Pryor (2006) states that in the United States, every 78 seconds at least one woman will make a suicide attempt, however only one woman will actually commit suicide every 90 minutes."
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Global South Women, 2007.
An analysis of Alison M. Jaggar's article, "Vulnerable Women and Neo-Liberal Globalization: Debt Burdens Undermine Women's Health in the Global South".
923 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the plight of women under neo-liberal globalization as outlined by Alison M. Jaggar's article, "Vulnerable Women and Neo-Liberal Globalization: Debt Burdens Undermine Women's Health in the Global South". It provides a summary description of the article and then looks at the underlying determinants exacerbating the problem of women's health in the developing parts of the world. From there, the paper briefly explores the intermediate and proximate determinants of the global health issue.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Summary Description of Global Health Issue
Underlying Determinants Explaining Why Global South Women Suffer under "Neo-Lib" Globalization
Intermediate Determinants
Proximate Determinants of Why Global South Women Struggle from a Health Standpoint
Conclusion
From the Paper
"At the proximate level, many women in the global south must deal with the day-to-day reality of being malnourished; to this state of affairs one must also add the poor sanitation and insufficient access to suitable drinking water that one commonly finds in impoverished lands. It is important to also realize that the absence of a meaningful education also means that many of these women are ignorant of what they should be putting into their bodies and what steps they should be taking to secure their own long-term vitality. Just to elaborate on this last point, eating disorders are not merely ubiquitous in developing lands, but have been shown to precipitate troubling health problems in their offspring, as well ("Nutrition and Reproduction in Women," 193-200). This phenomenon thus allows health maladies to be passed on from one generation of young women to the next generation of young women."
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Olympe de Gouge, 2007.
This paper discusses the life of Olympe de Gouge and her focus on liberating women.
1,258 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that women in the 17th and 18th centuries had no rights; only the men could vote or participate in politics. The paper discusses the life of Olympe de Gouges, one of many women who sought freedom for women including the right to vote and to a higher education. The paper shows how her convictions ultimately led to her death.
Outline:
Women in the 17th and 18th Century
Olympe de Gouge
From the Paper
"Imagine living during the 17th and 18th Century where women had no rights in public nor in their homes. They did not have the right to vote nor were they encouraged to go to college. Olympe de Gouges was born as Marie Gouze in 1745. She was the daughter of a butcher and a washerwoman, but she changed her life when she married an older man who had sufficient funds to support herself in Paris (Olympe de Gouges p. 1). The 17th and 18th Century were difficult times for women who wanted their freedom to be writers, politicians, teachers, or the freedom to vote. Olympe de Gouges was one of many women who sought freedom for women including the right to vote and a higher education, but ultimately this led to her death."
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Societal Pressures and "The House of Mirth", 2007.
An analysis of the societal pressure on women in Edith Wharton's novel, "The House of Mirth".
1,238 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the societal pressures that are presented and discussed in Edith Wharton's novel, "The House of Mirth". It explains the role of the main character, Lily Bart and how she had the responsibility of learning to function as a member of her class. It also points out that Edith Wharton was able to turn away from the strictures of her youth as she grew older but the character of Lily Bart could not. The paper compares Lily's choices to the choices of the modern woman.
Table of Contents:
Social Pressures
Pressure to Marry
Modern Women's Choices
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Lily Bart was a product of her times. She was raised in a family with good social connections, but with little money. When left on her own, Lily had no way to support herself. She became not only a product of her times, but also a victim of them, as she tried to find her way to getting a husband. Her failure to do so, as well as her death, were both the result of her primary failure in making the correct decisions. Neither of these failures were truly her fault; society had not taught her how to weigh the options that were open to her to make the correct decisions."
"Today, Lily Bart would have more options open to her. She would have access to social services programs. She would also have the ability to work and to think for herself. Living when she did, however, it was almost inevitable that Lily Bart would die as she did: alone, poor, and with hope being only an elusive dream."
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Emotion and Morality, 2007.
This paper explores Immanuel Kant and David Hume's ideas on morality and emotions.
939 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Kant's belief that fulfilling responsibilities could only be a rational choice, as opposed to an emotional choice. The paper looks at Hume who, on the contrary, believed that moral judgments were related to sentiments. The paper explains how Kant and Hume apply their theories to women. The paper concludes that Hume's theory of morality would appear to be the most applicable to human beings of the 21st century.
From the Paper
"Immanuel Kant devised the categorical imperative in relation to morality. In the categorical imperative moral decisions were "objective, rational and freely chosen" (Cash sec. 1). Morality, according to Kant, could not be determined by the emotions of a human being. This is because morals require the decision making to be associated with the duties that each person is required to fulfill. Kant argued that fulfilling responsibilities could only be a rational choice because emotions would lead the person to consider only what he wanted, rather than what needed to be done. Consequently the individual had to accomplish moral actions based on principles, which could not be related to emotions because emotions were subjective, while principles were factual (Cash sec. 1)."
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