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Leisure and Crime, 2008.
This paper discusses the connections between leisure activities and criminal behavior.
1,600 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer relates that the literature studied indicates that leisure activities and crime are related in a number of complex, meaningful ways. The writer notes that this relationship has been explored by a number of researchers over the past decades, generally with similar findings. The writer points out that many researchers hypothesize that household leisure activities are negatively related to criminal behavior, whereas non-household leisure activities are often positively related to crime. The writer maintains that although general trends have been established, however, based on similar theorizing, the literature indicates that the relationship is not standard and is affected by variables including type of leisure activity, gender, age, time of the day, leisure setting and other demographics. These issues are explored in detail in the paper.
Outline:
Introduction
Messner & Blau's Theory of Leisure Behavior and Crime
Messner & Blau's Study Methods
Messner & Blau's Results
Other Literature Review
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The results of Messner and Blau's study, based on ordinary least-square regressions, revealed that the introduction of leisure activities into the SMSA crime rate model demonstrated significant results, particularly concerning rape, robbery, burglary and larceny. In accordance with previous studies, Messner and Blau found that household activities were negatively related to most of the crimes. The control variables also reiterated that of previous studies - poverty was found to have a significantly positive relationship with crime, racial composition was significant and males tended to be particularly associated with crimes such as homicide and rape. Regional affects regarding robbery and auto crimes were discovered (being lower in volume in southern SMSAs) and, in accordance with only some literature, the high risk 18-24 age bracket was negative for homicide, robbery and assault. Against expectations, daytime television viewing provided stronger results than nighttime data, thought to be attributed to the type of lifestyles daytime television viewing may promote - that is, programs more relevant to criminal opportunities than those offered at prime-time hours."
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Men and Housework, 2008.
This paper provides an analysis of men's participation in housework and childcare.
2,000 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that as more and more women have entered the paid workforce, one might expect that men would take on an increasing share of the housework and childcare. The writer points out that after all, the rationale for women doing almost all of this used to be that the domestic sphere was their sphere, while the paid workforce outside of the home was the male sphere. As this is no longer the case, one could reasonably expect that men would be sharing housework and childcare equally. However, while there has been some change in this respect, the writer maintains that domestic labor is still regarded by many as "women's work," and men do not participate sufficiently. This paper reviews this unfortunate situation, and the reasons for it. It argues that the primary reason for this situation is that it derives from the fundamental structure of patriarchal, capitalist societies, so that the solution can lie in nothing less than a fundamental, radical restructuring of society.
From the Paper
"These are precisely the two major difficulties that face us in solving this riddle. For example, it would certainly seem that work in the domestic sphere and work in the paid labour force outside of the house are negatively correlated, in that the more hours one puts in at one workplace, the less hours one has available to put in at the other. It is a fact that women still work fewer hours per year, and as we noted above, it is a fact that they still do the lion's share of work in the domestic sphere. These two facts are clearly related, although in something of a chicken and egg way - and as Hou and Omwanda explain, we certainly cannot say that one factor causes the other, due to the possibility of multicausality. For example, we might need to look to religious, social or educational factors to account for the differences, as well. And even if we could say that this was the case for one woman, we could scarcely generalize to the entire population of women, particularly in a diverse country."
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Bias in Gender Roles, 2008.
This paper discusses the portrayal of males and females in children's books.
1,974 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
Many children's books contain myths and stereotypes which, although they appear to be commonsense understanding, are actually completely inaccurate. Children learn from text and images that represent the culture, and then they organize their perceptions of the world based on that information. This paper makes use of symbolic interactionism and structural functionalism to argue that gender as it is depicted in children's books has a social purpose and that very young children are capable of interpreting the meaning. The four themes of gender bias, gender role socialization, gender-based traits, and pseudo gender equality are discussed.
Outline:
Introduction
Gender Bias
Gender Role Socialization and Stereotypes
Pseudo Gender Equality
Conclusion
From the Paper
"At the same time, Gooden and Gooden provide a persuasive rationale for the over-abundance of males in children's books and picture books they surveyed that were published from 1995 to 1999. The authors were all simply accepting of the traditional view of the work role assigned to the male, and these values were therefore promoted in the books. Diekman and Murnen found that even in nonsexist books for children, gender segregation and the traditional idealization of femininity result in an unequal representation of the sexes. The patterns pointed out by these authors exist for a purpose. That purpose, as is perceived through structural functionalism, is to maintain social equilibrium which depends on male dominance and female subservience. Symbolic interactionism allows us to see that very young children are aware of and are quite capable of interpreting and internalizing these patterns through the books they encounter."
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Online Gambling Problems, 2008.
This paper discusses the negative effects of online gambling.
865 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer outlines three major problems which accompany online gambling. To begin with, the paper notes how online gambling can aggravate problems often associated with excessive internet use. The paper then explores how Internet gambling can, by offering so many alluring opportunities to make money at the click of a mouse, quickly destroy a family or individual financially. Proceeding further, the paper concludes by looking at how online gambling can produce misery not only for the gamblers, but for innocent victims otherwise untouched by the affliction. In the final analysis, the writer wishes to underscore that gambling has many victims and many very serious consequences that extend beyond merely losing cash at the online craps table.
From the Paper
"Therefore, what is frequently over-looked by those absorbed with pointing out the destructive financial consequences of online gambling is the fact that it isolates individuals at precisely a time when they need the assistance of others; furthermore, time spent gambling is, quite simply, time not spent engaging in a healthy physical or intellectual lifestyle."
"Another - and more conspicuous - problem which can be readily associated with internet gambling is the fact that it makes it very easy for an individual to accrue crippling debts from the comfort of his or her own home. In large measure, this the real tragedy for anyone addicted to online gambling: whereas "normal" gambling usually involves having to physically exit one's home, secure transportation, and find the time in a busy schedule to first begin the gambling process (trips to Las Vegas or to any Casino are not always easy matters to arrange, after all), online gambling can begin innocuously simply by someone turning to the wrong website one particular evening and finding it alluring enough to start. One other factor which must be borne in mind - and this is rather related to the last sentence - is that online gambling sites never really shut down and can be readily accessed at any time from anywhere."
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Cultural Globalization, 2007.
This paper explores the process of globalization as Americanization or Westernization to determine whether cultural globalization means cultural homogenization.
855 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the correlation between economic influence and cultural influence is manifested in the spread of American and Western culture into national economies increasingly dependent upon American and Western economic investments and consumer products. The author points out that one of the most troubling consequences of cultural globalization is its political impact in the form of increasing fragility throughout the Third World. The paper stresses that, if there is ever to be a global society, the basis of such a society is likely to be Western socio-political culture, which can lead to a backlash from non-Western cultures.
From the Paper
"Fragile, failing, and failed states such as Nigeria, Pakistan, Indonesia, Zimbabwe, and Somalia present the United Nations and other international organizations with a host of problems, including civil wars, regional instability, famine, terrorism, and overpopulation.
Disintegrating Third World states not only destabilize the regions they are in, but also destabilize the entire international community as well. They pose endless problems for Western policy makers because they are sources of international controversy and division, compel other nations to take sides in various economic, political, and religious disputes..."
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Health Promotion Initiative, 2008.
This paper discusses a health promotion initiative by the writer.
1,846 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the implementation of a health promotion project for at-risk youth in Toronto, which addressed several issues. The writer notes that the youth in the project were homeless, marginalized and had matters related to substance abuse, addiction, alcoholism, mental illness, such as severe depression, and risky sexual behaviors such as prostitution. The writer mentions that other issues relating to physical illness included hepatitis B and C, HIV, AIDS and STDS. HIV was linked to IV drug use, incarceration, and unprotected sex. Further, the writer points out that additional issues included withdrawal behavior, low self-esteem and lack of self-confidence. The writer notes that the majority of the youth exhibited varying levels of anger, frustration, as well as feelings of hopelessness and detachment from their environment. The writer concludes that among the limitations of the initiative was the problem that the young people encountered many structural barriers such as questions about health insurance and consent for care.
From the Paper
"The youth who might not have been reached would be young people at Covenant House and the Turning Point Shelter who do not bother with the drop-in facility. Other youth that especially need to be reached may still not have cut their ties with the street. They are simply sleeping at the shelters. The best way to reach them is to ensure that the youth who do attend the Evergreen Center will transmit information about it to other youth. In addition, Ontario Works is the gatekeeper of information for the youth."
"I knew that the initiative was important to the community aggregates because of their response once they had an opportunity to share their frustrations and concerns. They demonstrated an interest in coming to the center, and many of them developed a loyalty to the center. I conducted a survey of the youth at one point, and also collected stories and data. The youth indicated that hey learned a great deal of information which addressed their health concerns. They also demonstrated interest in making improvements to this community."
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AIDS in Africa, 2008.
This paper explores why Africa is one of the hardest hit areas in the worldwide AIDS epidemic.
2,285 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper suggests that the prominence of HIV/AIDS in Africa may be explained by (1) the impoverished nature of Africa as a whole, which makes people more susceptible to infection, and (2) AIDS denialism, which makes people believe they are not at risk. The author points out that both of these factors can be connected to colonialism, which impoverished African countries and created a racist discourse of disease, and to neo-colonialism, which keeps African countries poor and is the target of AIDS denialism. The paper stresses that the only way to reduce AIDS in Africa is to deal with this legacy of colonialism and the current effects of neo-colonialism. The paper included many quotations.
From the Paper
"Many researchers have argued that attempts to link HIV/AIDS
to Africa had a basis in racist philosophies. ... This argument would seem to indicate that arguments about the high prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Africa being caused by environmental conditions in Africa are part of a racist discourse. In essence it is the continuation of the argument that there is something mentally/morally deficient with African people that has transformed the entire continent into a source for disease. If the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Africa can't be explained by environmental conditions then how can this phenomenon be explained?"
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Nursing Concepts, 2007.
This paper discusses core concepts and theories of nursing.
953 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer notes that H. Calalang-Javier states that there are four core principles that can be identified in nursing theories. The writer points out that these core principles are the person, the environment, health and nursing. The writer the discusses that in the self-care, trans cultural and adaptation models the theories each have a central focus on the patient. The writer maintains that while this focus differs in relation to the patient in each theory, the impact that health care has on the patient is significant to the model.
Outline:
Introduction
Orem's Self Care Model
The Roy Adaptation Model
Trans cultural Nursing Model
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The research indicates that the Transcultural, Self-Care and Adaptation Models each have their own specific elements that create unique approaches to nursing. However, within each of these theories there is a core concept that is associated with the person or the patient. In the Self-Care model the individual is trained to assist in his or her own care, while in the Adaptation Model the person adapts to the environment. In the Transcultural model the person is treated in relation to his or her own cultural beliefs, ensuring that the health care environment is aware of the needs of the patient."
Outline:
Introduction
Orem's Self Care Model
The Roy Adaptation Model
Transcultural Nursing Model
Conclusion
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A Windshield Survey, 2007.
This paper explains the use of a windshield survey as executed in the Boyd Hill area of Rock Hill, New York in Sullivan County.
2,395 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that a windshield survey of a community requires making observations, either by walking or driving, at different times of the day and week to more fully understand and evaluate a community. The author points out that this windshield survey for the Boyd Hill community was conducted as a community health project to assess the community and to identify any problems. The paper concludes that this survey of the neighborhood shows it to be a true neighborhood, which has seen better days, but the real problem with the community is that it has been isolated and divided by the road system in the town. The paper includes many charts and a graph.
From the Paper
"The community does contain a recreational center called the Boyd Hill Recreation Center, located at 1165 Constitution Boulevard. The center is situated on a 22-acre park and includes a gym, a conference room, an activity/games room, three outdoor basketball courts, ands a lighted baseball field on two small lots. The center also has two lighted tennis courts, a swimming pool, and a wooded trail for hiking. One of these trails is accessible to the handicapped. The park operates Monday through Thursday from 9:00 am to 8:00 pm and on Fridays from 9:00 am to 6:00 pm."
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Employment in Different Places, 2007.
This paper looks at the differences in employment opportunities in different areas, focusing on New York and California.
883 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that employment opportunities vary from one city to another, one region to another, and even one neighborhood to another. Further, the writer points out that they also vary greatly in terms of different opportunities for different kinds of jobs and different industries. In this paper, the writer discusses the differences in searching for a job in the two different areas of New York and California. The writer also makes personal comments in this regard. The writer concludes that employment statistics are different for the two states, of course, but to the individual, each job sought is unique and carries with it a unique set of issues, requirements, and opportunities.
From the Paper
"The automobile is much less important in New York City and indeed is often a liability in that city. The transit system in the city is well-developed and extensive, enabling the individual to get virtually anywhere in a reasonable amount of time. Interestingly, this has a somewhat different effect on employment than one might think, at last for many people. In Southern California, the automobile takes the individual throughout the city so that he or she might work some distance from home in spite of the problems this creates for people without a vehicle. Those people may not be able to ravel as far for work and are limited in the choices they can make as a result. In New York, while the transit system is extensive and efficient, commuters may come from out of town on trains and then make use of the local transit system. The system in New York is quite different from that in Los Angeles, but the effect on the worker is much the same, allowing him or her to live some distance from where they work."
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Indian Indentured Servitude, 2007.
This paper discusses Indian indentured servitude under the British colonial system.
2,110 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explores the indentured servitude of Indians in terms of both its successful incorporation as part of the colonial system of domination and oppression, as well as in terms of how opposition and resistance to this system influenced political and social development in the region. The writer argues that with reference to both earlier and later periods of indentured servitude on different Caribbean sites, an accurate history of indentured servitude requires such a balanced analysis to understand fully its complexity and significance in terms of regional history.
Outline:
Introduction
Indentured Servitude as Subservience to Colonialism
Indentured Servitude and Resistance
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Indeed, to understand differences in resistance across the region - from island to island - we must acknowledge the extraordinary levels of control of the plantation and civil authorities over the movement and actions of the indentured Indians. For example, while discontent and resistance was widespread in British Guiana, on the neighbouring island of Trinidad - with the second largest colony of indentured Indians in the Caribbean region - there was minimal resistance. The differences between the two situations cannot be explained with reference to caste or class/education of the Indians, as both came from the same pool of migrants. Instead, it is theorized while the appalling labour conditions in the islands represented a tinderbox that would be lit at any moment, different approaches to dealing with potential discontent on the part of the authorities was a critical factor in explaining differences between islands."
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Hate Crimes, 2007.
This paper discusses informed consent, deception and research into controversial subjects, focusing on hate crimes.
1,600 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper refers to an important topic of social science ethics in how research projects are presented to subjects regarding controversial subjects, in this case, attitudes towards the victims of hate crimes, as members of racial minorities, or as gay or lesbian victims. The writer notes that in C.J. Lyons' study of 2006, "Stigma or Sympathy? - Attribution of Fault to Hate Crime Victims and Offenders" one finds reference to other studies on similar questions indicating that racist attacks were more condemned than those affecting gays or lesbians. The writer points out that if Lyons' research is accurate, educated attitudes towards gays and lesbians are not as accepting as might be assumed. The writer maintains that, as this paper ventures, much depends on how questions are presented to study participants or what they understand a study's purpose or hypotheses to be.
Outline:
Introduction
Method, Observations and 'Findings'
Implications
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"Lyons is a young scholar of crime and deviance, inter-group conflict, stratification and urban sociology whose work tends to be claimed by Social Psychology. His doctoral research centered on inter-racial hate crimes in Chicago. Of importance is how non-involved parties respond to incidents of hate crime and matters of contrast in reactions that brought into view lesser concern for hate crimes affecting homosexuals. It is implied that American attitudes have come to denounce racially motivated hate crimes, in direct sympathy for victims, while gay and lesbian victims may face indifference and further stigma. Perpetrators of crimes against persons of a different race were denounced but Lyons perceived that this was not as true when victims were gays or lesbians with far more questions regarding events, initial responses to insults, or how gay or lesbian victims engaged in disputes with persons to utter anti-gay remarks or threats."
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Multicultural Development, 2007.
This paper examines multicultural development, which has become increasingly vital to most executive organizations in the world.
1,775 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a discussion on why multiculturalism is important and a look at the physical differences between groups that organizations should keep in mind. The paper then points out the significance of the different values or attitudes that distinguish groups from one another and concludes by looking at the steps an organization can take to prevent misunderstandings between different peoples from taking place. The paper maintains that a responsible organization will hire from all types of groups, will educate people on cultural differences, and will try to create an environment that makes all of its employees feel welcome and secure.
From the Paper
"Not to be forgotten, professional organizations need to recognize what different modes of dress signify in different cultures. For example, a brightly-colored shirt in one society might seem informal and therefore inappropriate in a business setting, but might actually be seen as very formal and as very appropriate by the culture of the person wearing that shirt. Additionally, if an organization's representatives are not culturally sensitive, then they might find some modes of dress to be vestiges of antiquated or oppressive cultural practices when such is not really the case."
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Marx and Alienation, 2007.
An analysis of the theory of alienation in the philosophy of Karl Marx.
936 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the crucial aspects of Karl Marx's description of alienation within his social theory. It looks at how, by analyzing the differing aspects of human nature, Marx defines the separation of "natural" things from each other or that develop an antagonism toward one anther in social harmony. It shows how this provides evidence that Marx's theory of alienation is still valid, which in turn provides evidence for the commonly used materialist definitions of "human nature" within modern society.
From the Paper
"The social and economic perspectives of alienation to be effective within society directly relates to how class division forces the proletariat to become mere commodities. Marx had defined in his "Theses on Feuerbach" that the bourgeois seek to create a religious or mythic definition of human nature, but this form of alienation must translate into productivity and labor. Through the use of capital, the separation of the working classes within that of the bourgeois is part of the materialization of the abstraction of human nature. "
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Social Assistance, 2007.
Analyzes 3 articles on social assistance: "Slouching toward the Bottom? Provincial Social Assistance Provision in Canada", "Alberta: One-Party
"Dominance and Neo-Liberalism", & "Aroused like One from Sleep: From NewPoor Law to Contractual Workfare".
1,133 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes how neo-liberal policy has its roots in nineteenth century conceptions about the unemployed - and how this mind-set has crept back into the provincial policy-making of modern-day Canada. While discussing the three articles, the writer suggests that the climate of entitlement which characterized the period from 1945 to at least the middle 1970s in much of the western world has given way to a neo-liberal ethic that actually hearkens back to an earlier time wherein obligations on the part of those who found themselves under-employed were considered at least as important as the rights those individuals had to secure shelter and some form of income. The writer concludes that social policy is cyclical, and that the articles appear to capture that trend.
From the Paper
"Before bringing this paper to a close, a few final points are in order. Clearly, there can be little question that all of the articles touch upon the new-found popularity of neo-liberal policies in an age of globalization and in an age of governmental retreat brought about by the new fluidity of capital, people, information and resources - a fluidity which has dramatically curtailed the power of government to execute labor policy as it once did. Beyond that, it may be said that these articles craft a compelling picture of the ideological and political reasons why governmental actors did not strive harder, when it became clear that the easy affluence and low unemployment of the immediate post-War period was no longer guaranteed, to protect the entitlements and generous provisions to which many Canadians had become accustomed after 1945. Ultimately, economic pressures provided a welcome excuse for neo-conservative statesmen to pursue reformist measures that would have been unthinkable a generation earlier."
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