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Families' Experiences and Life-Support Withdrawal, 2007.
An examination of families' experiences when deciding to remove life-sustaining interventions in the intensive care unit (ICU).
3,164 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the experience of family members who are engaged in decision-making related to the withdrawal or withholding of life-sustaining interventions from another family member. It explains that the methodology used consists of a sample of four to five families who are contacted through ICU family conferences in one or two hospitals in which the conferences are concerned with the withholding or withdrawal of life support from a family member. The paper looks at how certain factors may be identified from family members' experiences that help to determine why the decision-making process is subject to wide variation.
The paper also notes that it is expected that certain family members engage in more effective decision making than others and that particular families engage in more effective decision making than other families. The paper highlights the fact that family decisions are rendered easier or more problematic by such variables as the person's prognosis, whether an acute or chronic illness is involved, perceived quality of life, degree of suffering, and the presence of an advance directive. The paper concludes that preparation for death most especially needs to be based in a team approach, and the emphasis should be upon the relationship between nurses and families and that the future needs of the family should be proactively considered once death has occurred.
From the Paper
"Nurses and other healthcare providers normally initiate the discussion that lead to withdrawal of life-support but patients and families make the final decision. The experience of decision making is different for family members when an acute illness is involved from a situation of chronic illness. After a period of denial, families of patients with acute illness or injury can recognize the need for withdrawal of support much more quickly (McHale Wiegand, 2006). Certain behaviors by healthcare providers can increase the level of distress experienced by the patient's family."
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Ethics in Philanthropy, 2008.
This paper considers ethics in philanthropy with regards to the Save the Children organization.
1,081 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the Save the Children agency and discusses in brief its values and ethics. The paper examines an ethical dilemma which invariably arises when such organizations endeavor to assist at-risk children, specifically, should utilitarian and/or social justice considerations be taken into account or should another ethical mechanism be employed when determining who receives what? In the end, the paper decides that programs and aid geared towards helping children should be dispensed in a manner that is color-blind and free of gender-based considerations.
From the Paper
"The Save the Children agency is well-regarded for its many earnest efforts on behalf of the most vulnerable members of our society. Simply put, the values and ethics which guide this organization are laudable and in keeping with the most estimable ideals of American philanthropy. Specifically, the organization is wholly committed to seeing to it that children everywhere should receive all the assistance they can so that they can enjoy happy and fulfilling lives (Save the Children, 2007a). Additionally, the organization has pledged itself to the operational principles of accountability, collaboration and innovation and to giving children and the communities that serve them in the developing world the services, skills, and resources that will make it possible for young people in less-developed nations to reach their full human potential."
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Development and Life Span, 2008.
This paper discusses aspects and stages of human development.
2,454 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that A. Grob, F. Krings and A. Bangerter describe human development in terms of an interaction between biological, socio historical, and social factors, as well as individual developmental tasks. Further, the writer points out that they also view the overall purpose of development as the person constructing his or her own biography by formulating personal projects and goals. The writer maintains that along with physical, cognitive, emotional, and psychosocial aspects of development, growth and development consist of developmental tasks and, even though they are interrelated, one task must be successfully mastered before the next can be begun. The same is true for the key aspects of development because barriers to development can interfere with growth and adaptation in later stages of the life span.
From the Paper
"Ongoing conflict and a subsequent divorce can cause the child also to be conflicted so that they do not have the emotional capacity to cope with the event. Academic work will suffer and their entire personality development may be affected. The results of such an event can continue into adulthood so that the former child becomes insecure about the idea of marriage and has trouble with relationships in general."
"The child's growth and development at any life stage can be influenced positively or negatively. With the young child, the environment and family context determine not only the child's physical and cognitive development but their future healthy adaptation as an adult. In terms of cognitive development, for example, if the child is not given the stimulating environment or the motivation to learn, they will not feel that they are capable of learning."
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TV Audiences and Media Theory, 2008.
This paper provides a case study of a television audience at Bloor & Lansdowne, Toronto.
3,516 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the study of the mass media and notably television continues to involve a great deal of theory-building. The writer remarks that as Ien Ang points out, much that is theorized or assumed features a large cultural and conceptual gap between television audiences and observing scholars or others to analyze them. The writer maintains that one also needs to bear in mind the care that should be taken to examine particular phenomena, ensuring that one's assumptions are not wholly shaped by theory. The writer further reveals that Ulf Hannerz pointed out how the day of globalization has prompted approaches that are global and also local, in term of continuity and change. Perhaps at no time has it been so important to ensure that one does observe what one is discussing, in terms of local and particular phenomenon. The writer notes that this is played out in this paper's case study.
Outline:
Introduction
An Ethnography of Public TV Viewing
Reflections on TV Audience Freedom
'The Heavy Viewer'
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"In a somewhat shabby area, Ciro's offers a kind of oasis in a well-run, almost upscale facility of reasonable prices. The premises have involved a tavern of some kind for many years catering to a working class area of much early 20th century row housing, most of it quite simple, streets of less costly detached housing and few amenities of kinds appealing to upscale consumers. It is a neighbourhood beset by visible petty crime but also an array of churches, mosques and temples, a low-cost area chosen by diverse new Canadians and others since the 1980s. The management of Ciro's welcome customers of every imaginable social class and background providing that patrons are agreeably behaved, distinct from the same areas large crack cocaine culture whose members are catered to by other drinking establishments. Ciro's was chosen for observation for its feature of both educated and uneducated patrons and for its eternal television screen, forever on, at all hours, usually showing news-feeds or other material of local interest. Large TV screens are situated behind the bar that takes up the establishment's east wall and suspended from the ceiling at the centre of the area used by customers who both stand or make use of tables. The culture of Ciro's is remarkably democratic apart from firm rules against customers who are rude, potentially dangerous, apt to conduct drug deals on site or who otherwise cannot participate in the friendly cooperative attitude that is shared by customers."
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"Code of the Street", 2008.
This paper provides a sociological analysis of "Code of the Street" by Elijah Anderson.
1,211 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper examines "Code of the Street" where Elijah Anderson researches the lives of people in Philadelphia's inner city neighborhoods, in order to identify how prevailing conditions caused by poverty combine to produce pervasive drug or alcohol abuse, violence and broken families. The paper discusses Anderson's sociological approach and his evidence that living in poverty and being subjected to racism produce a vicious, recurring cycle of cause and effect. The paper is of the opinion that this book provides important and conclusive insights into the flawed and destructive culture of America's inner cities.
From the Paper
"Reading Chapters 3 and 4 of Code of the Street confirms that Anderson's sociological methodology was based upon extensive personal observations and interviews, which provide convincing evidence that living in poverty and being subjected to racism produce a vicious, recurring cycle of cause and effect. Using the ethnographical research he conducted in Philadelphia during the 1990's, which entailed studying African Americans in poverty-stricken areas of the city, Anderson reflected upon the information he obtained from informants and from his own observations, and concluded that a fundamental cause and consequence of crime in inner cities is the code of the street that prevails in these neighborhoods. (Anderson 107-110)"
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Shortage of Nurses, 2008.
This paper discusses the possible hiring of foreign nurses to help with the shortage of nurses in the US.
828 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the problem of shortages of nurses in the US continues to grow. One solution to the problem is enticing students to choose the career of nursing. The writer notes that another solution for the United States is to hire foreign nurses to come to the United States. The writer maintains that many nurses living in Africa and other undeveloped nations are willing to migrate to the United States in order to receive higher wages and better benefits. The writer acknowledges that the problem with this solution is that it leaves a shortage of nurses in undeveloped countries where health care is needed. Yet, the writer argues that this may be the best solution for the United States.
From the Paper
"These two statistics show the need for the United States to find solutions to the nursing shortage. Solutions to end the shortage of nurses must be found before 2020 when many employees are no longer able to work and more nurses are needed to care for the elderly. One solution to the shortage is hiring nurses from other countries."
"The shortage of nurses continues to be a serious problem. The shortage of nurses is not only in the United States, but also in many other countries. The growing shortage is contributed to by having more employees becoming retired or unable to work due to age."
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Immigrants in Toronto, 2008.
This paper provides a report on immigrants in Toronto and discusses the suburbanization of immigration.
1,191 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer provides a comparison and contrast of two distinct Toronto electoral districts; one in the downtown core that has served as a traditional immigration reception area, and one in the suburbs. The writer points out that their social compositions is important for what it reveals the changing ethnic demographics of Canadian society. The writer looks at how these changes are shaping the urban landscape of the major cities. This essay argues that a comparative analysis of these two districts reveals the suburbanization of immigration in Canada, as now established immigrants seek to migrate internally within the city from the downtown to the suburbs. The writer maintains that this intra-migration is complemented by direct settlement of new immigrants from abroad into Toronto's suburbs, effectively bypassing neighbourhoods such as the famous Kensington Market that were defined by successive waves of immigration for much of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Outline:
Introduction
Social Composition: A Comparative Analysis of the Numbers
Ethnic Groups and Visible Minorities in the Landscape
Commentary
From the Paper
"Thus, it may be argued that many of the visible signs of immigrant presence in this area are remnants of past settlement, and that the former immigrant settlers in this district have moved elsewhere in Toronto. Indeed, the fact that the Italian population in York West is more than double that of "Little Italy" suggests that many former Italian immigrants and/or their children may have moved from the downtown to the suburbs. In contrast to "Little Italy" which seems to be a "shell" of its former self, the Chinatown neighbourhood of Trinity-Spadina reveals how dominant this one ethnic group is in the visible landscape of the district; a visual dominance that reflects its 52.2 percent of the district's visible minority population."
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Alternative School Experiences, 2008.
This paper provides a personal analysis of experiences regarding participation in an alternative school program.
2,238 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses ideas regarding an alternative school program such as how the program is conceived and how it can be improved. The observation is based on personal experience of participating in a program when the writer worked for an alternative school called Boys Republic High School. The writer was an instructional aide and in that job helped the teacher manage the class. The writer had to know how to control the behavior of the students and counsel them in order to help them. The writer concludes that in order to have a successful classroom and work well in this type of environment, it is necessary to be strong, firm and have a positive attitude.
Outline:
Introduction
Concrete Experience
Observation/Reflection
Abstract Conceptualization
Active Experimentation
From the Paper
"Having the chance to work with delinquent students was an amazing experience that I will never forget, and from this experience I learned a great deal about how to cope with different kinds of students and how to help them understand important lessons. I stayed at this school for four years, working as instructional aide inside the English classroom. I loved the school and the job, and most of the kids are delinquents coming from juvenile hall. I never had a problem with them, maybe because I respected them and they respected me, too. I saw many problems inside the classroom; for example, there was racism in the school. I saw a fight inside my class because one white guy called another a Negro. I had to call security, but the next day, both kids came to apologize to me. Sometimes some kids would come to talk to me and they would start crying over their problems. Some do not even know who their parents are, and some had only a single parent. I learned a good deal, and I wish to report on the three abstract concepts that I learned in particular."
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Gender Differences in Business Management, 2008.
This paper looks at the differences between men and women as they relate to business management.
2,425 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews journal literature dating from 2005 and later, noting that there is almost complete agreement that there are differences between men and women' management styles. The writer notes that the literature finds that women are regarded as bringing a more open and cooperative style to business leadership, which can enhance business operations. Thus the most successful businesses are those which integrate women and their skills into operations. The writer points out that professional literature on gender differences shows that disputes between men and women appear to be fading from the scene. While this is certainly not entirely the case, there is a comparative lack of serious, peer-reviewed articles dealing with gender conflicts in business. The writer maintains that this is partly a result of the many statutes that have been adopted in the United States and most western nations making discrimination illegal and giving civic remedies to those victimized by this discrimination.
Outline:
Abstract
References
From the Paper
"A good deal of new research has been done in recent years concerning women and sales, because sales is perceived as an area in which people can advance rapidly. A good deal of the research in the sales setting has focused on gender based differences in approaches. Females, for example, tend to believe that other sales-people they encounter have a considerable degree of expertise, attributing to them a much higher degree of competence than their male colleagues do. Further, women overall place higher values on cooperative efforts and the fostering of harmonious relations. They also, as noted, tend to tend to use an integrated approach to information tasks. These traits, taken as a whole, allow women to perceive conflict between buyers and sellers as functional rather than dysfunctional. They tended to view these conflicts as exchanges of information, whereas men tended to view them as affective conflict, in which values were genuinely at stake."
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Slavery, Stereotypes and Society, 2008.
A critical analysis of the adaptive flexibility model in its application to the African-Caribbean family.
1,931 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
The paper critically examines the adaptive flexibility model and argues that while this model possesses strengths, the model is flawed to the extent that it diminishes the radical impact of slavery upon the social and cultural development of the African-Caribbean family. The paper contends that a more balanced analysis would recognize both the reality of the impact of slavery upon later generations of African-Caribbeans, as well as the capacity of these families to define their own lives, often in resistance to this oppression.
Outline:
Introduction
Revisionism and the Adaptive Flexibility Model
From the Paper
"It is significant that even today scholarly research on the African Caribbean family focuses to an extraordinary degree upon the impact of slavery on this population. Much of the early history of the Caribbean is defined by its economic role as the largest English, and for a brief period the largest world, producer of sugar (Floyd 1981, p.38). To harvest the sugar cane, the English planters found that they needed far more field workers than could be obtained from the deported criminal classes of Britain and Ireland."
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Constitutionality of Same-Sex Marriage, 2008.
This paper discusses whether the denial of same sex-marriage is unconstitutional.
820 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer examines the constitutionality of bans on same-sex marriage. The writer reports on the analytic framework at issue in a case litigating constitutionality of an issue of this nature, and reports on decisions in recent cases from courts in Vermont, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, and California. The writer concludes that there have been differing interpretations on this issue, but the majority of courts have ruled that there is no fundamental right to same-sex marriage, so that the ban on same-sex marriage is not unconstitutional.
From the Paper
"On the other hand, if the right does not affect a fundamental right, and is based on a non-suspect classification, it will be upheld so long as it reflects a "rational classification." Fundamental rights include those in the bill of rights. Suspect class is generally limited to race."
"Thus: is the right to marry a same-sex partner fundamental? The Supreme Court, in Loving v. Virginia, 388 U.S. 1 (1967), called marriage a fundamental right -- for a heterosexual couple.
"State courts to date have reached different conclusions. Massachusetts ruled marriage is a fundamental right, upholding same-sex marriage under the state constitution in Goodridge v. Department of Public Health (2003). (Grossman; Burge) In that case, a trial court ruled that the purpose of marriage was procreation."
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Gun Control, 2008.
A look at the social issue of gun control in the USA.
1,053 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the power and control possession of a gun can give a person and how, although guns or weapons might have been necessary in the past for self defense, today the need for guns cannot be supported by such antiquated circumstances. The author maintains that as long as the philosophy of owning a gun equals power, guns will be a negative inclusion in the social order and one that must be controlled in order to protect every person effectively.
From the Paper
"In Roald Dahl's story "The Swan" the characters of Ernie and Raymond are consumed by the power that they believe a .22 caliber rifle allows them to have. Consequently, the characters loose any sense of the reality that exists around them or the consequences of their actions and they begin to kill any animals that they come into contact with. Additionally, the possession of the gun by Ernie and Raymond suggests to them that they have control over other human beings, which is demonstrated through their torture and attempted murder of Peter (Dahl). While there are those within the social order that suggest that instances such as those described in Dahl's story are rare, the fact is that if there is a tool available to the masses that creates this type of situation for anyone, that tool must be controlled as a means of preventing the innocent from being devastated by the negative outcomes that are possible.
"Wilbur Edel states that the intention of the framers of the Constitution believed that guns were essential to an individual's right to protect his life and property at a time when uncertainty about society was everywhere (69). According to Edel, Thomas Jefferson believed that the gun was a friend to those in society because by carrying it people could "stand tall" with the ability to defend themselves (69). This philosophy provides a basis for the ideology related to guns that exists in society, especially the belief that guns provide power. It should be noted, however, that in Jefferson's time societal philosophies were also connected to honor, virtue and a people that were just beginning to establish them selves as a nation. People hunted for food, explored parts of the country that had not been known and protected themselves against free roaming creatures that would otherwise prevent their existence. When a gun was used as a means of defense against other human beings there was a sense of ethics connected to discharging a firearm, which led most people to refrain from doing so unless there was imminent threat to life because there was no desire to kill the innocent. Therefore, gun use was not as much about power as it was about living and continuing to seek dreams that were connected to the founding of a new civilization."
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Nursing Leadership and Management, 2008.
This paper discusses the concept of power within the field of nursing.
770 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer notes that nurses find themselves in a unique position when compared to other professions. Although highly educated themselves, many nurses in management positions find themselves automatically being placed in a reduced position of power. The writer points out that this subordinate position is often apparent when dealing with other healthcare professionals, supervisors, and management. This essay looks at several issues regarding power and management, particularly in how it relates to nursing. The writer concludes that power is a term used to refer to an inherently unequal position between people and that it is used to gain control over an individual or event.
Outline:
How Does Leadership Differ from Management?
What is Power?
Seven Bases of Power
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The seven bases of power are reward, punishment, legitimate, expert, information, and connection. The use of these seven bases of power enables the nurse to shift this unequal relationship to some degree. Every nurse must, at some time, deal with individuals who are not nurses and still affect patient care. Some of these people are family members or are people with that share a relationship with the patient outside of the care facility. Others of these people are those individuals from other departments such as social services or radiology. And, of course, nurses must deal with physicians on a daily basis."
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The Most Dominating Aspect of Family Law, 2008.
This paper looks at the most prominent and important aspect of family law and concentrates on the domestic realm.
1,314 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer expands on the belief that the most dominating aspect of family law is that it pertains to the domestic sphere. Further, the writer examines the repercussions of this domestic aspect of family law. The writer notes that one can see that the dominant aspect of Canadian family law with regard to both divorce and common law couples has changed. Moreover, this was also the dominant aspect with regard to the very nature of families, in that same-sex relationships have been legitimized to the full extent of the law. The writer points out that the last-mentioned change is certainly the most dramatic, setting Canada ahead of social trends in most countries, and illustrating perhaps most clearly of all how much Canadian family law has changed.
From the Paper
"Another aspect of family law that has been dominated by change has been the important sphere of divorce law. Boyd points out that at the beginning of the 20th century, people rarely divorced. However, a century later, divorce has become common-place. In fact, in many Canadian class rooms, there are more children from "broken" families than from intact families. As the century progressed, people became more willing to break their marriage vows and start over. Also, as divorce become more and more commonplace, people began to feel less guilt and failure about getting a divorce. Moreover, it is now a more secular time, and many people simply do not take their church vows as seriously. Canadian family law seems to have recognized this softening of social attitudes towards divorce, because it has made a series of changes to divorce law. Perhaps the most salient change has been that it has become much easier to obtain a divorce, particularly with the introduction of the concept of so-called "no-fault" divorce."
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Depression in Modern Society, 2008.
An analysis of depression in modern society and the problems surrounding the increased use of anti-depressants.
2,310 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper examines depression as stemming from the highly stressful, intensely competitive nature of modern society. It points out that the physical, mental, and social state of well-being of millions of people is being harmed because of the destructive aspects of the natural, social, built, and economic spheres in which they live. The paper particularly examines the problems surrounding the increasing use of anti-depressants to treat depression, such as dependence, abuse, the drugs' possible harmful side effects, and exploitation by drug companies. The paper concludes that too many people turn to "wonder drugs" for help when they cannot deal with the emotional and psychological stress induced by society.
From the Paper
"In recent years, depression in young adults has been increasingly treated with prescription drug anti-depressants such as Prozac and Paxil. The increasing use of these prescription antidepressant drugs has several implications, for recent studies have shown that more than twenty percent of young adults in the general population have emotional problems and one-third of young adults attending psychiatric clinics suffer from depression. Just as troubling, depression in this age group is greatly under-diagnosed, which presents even more implications."
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