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An Overview of Research Methodologies, 2006.
Explores the historical origins and the historical context of research methodology
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a historical overview of research methodologies and demonstrates that the evolution of the research process is as significant as the research itself. It is shown that the time and energy that has gone into identifying appropriate conduct and strategy within the research process may still yield differences in perspective among researchers but ultimately this controversy comes from the hard-earned lessons acquired through continuous learning and development within the field of methodological conduct, particularly within the debate over qualitative and quantitative research.
From the Paper
"What is deemed acceptable in research methodology differs dramatically according to the perceptions held by researchers concerning what it means to implement an effective methodology, as well as the standards that are set among researchers regarding same. This implies, correctly, that what comprises an effective research method is in many ways arbitrary; researchers from different disciplines, for example, may approach the same question through the use of different research methodologies and acquire different results, implying that determining the appropriate method of approach is as significant to the overall research process as the actual data collection process that is governed by same."
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Dramatic Dialogue Between Edison and Einstein, 2006.
A three part review of a dramatic dialogue between Edison and Einstein.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This natural science paper is comprised of three parts. The first part of the paper sets up the basic premise of a dramatic dialogue between Edison and Einstein. The second part is a dramatic dialogue between Edison and Einstein. The final part of the paper is an annotated bibliography.
From the Paper
"Thomas Edison (1847-1931) was one of the most prolific and important inventors in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th Century. As a scientist Edison was more interested in designing products that would be useful for the average person. This means that Edison is a believer in technology and does not put a lot of stock in theory. As an inventor Edison is also a business man. "
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Synthetic Analogs of Erythropoietin, 2006.
Presents a research project designed to develop synthetic analogs of erythropoietin, a protein hormone produced by the kidney that stimulates the production of red blood cells.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper reports on experiments addressing the issue of developing synthetic analogs of erythropoietin, a protein hormone produced by the kidney that stimulates the production of red blood cells. The hormone is given to patients suffering from kidney failure when they develop anemia, which occurs primarily because their production of erythropoietin is abnormally low. The company has produced an analog that stimulates red blood cell production and so mimics the action of erythropoietin. The analog has been derived from bone marrow cells in culture. The product may be called Redgen. The current research is a test on Redgen to characterize its activity and signaling pathway.
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Strain theory, 2006.
An analysis of the new data analysis and new concepts to the strain theory.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 15 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the strain theory and why it is justified including what Robert Agenew added to the theory. Furthermore, it discusses how the interest in strain theory diminished in the 1970 and it proposes an answer as to why people lost interest in the theory. It also discusses how new data analysis supports strain theory.
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Artisanal Production and Geography, 2006.
An analysis of artisanal production and theory forming in geography.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the two major waves of economic geography, that is the epistemological wave and the hermeneutic of cultural wave. It also discusses incorporating artisanal production in theory forming in geography and why this is so important to research in geography.
From the Paper
"Artisanal Production and Geography The relationship between art and science has always been a contentious one. In many causes art and artisanal production have been ignored by disciplines wishing to be more scientific. This situation is discussed by Trevor J. Barnes in Retheorizing Economic Geography. Barnes argues that there have been two major waves of economic geography. These are the epistemological and the hermeneutic or cultural wave. The epistemological wave was characterized by a strong reliance on science (Barnes 546). For this reason the social, cultural and artistic were usually not dealt with in economic geography during the first wave."
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Nursing in ALS, 2006.
An article critique on ALS, focusing on the usefulness of the nursing profession to this condition.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and evaluates a published medical article on ASL. The evaluation reviews the authors use of research design, statistical analysis techniques used, measurement reliability and validity, as well as format. The paper draws conclusions in terms of research replication and usefulness to the nursing profession.
From the Paper
"Research Article Critique: Chio, A, Gauthier, A. Ghikione, P. and Mutani, R. (2005). Caregiver burden and patients' perception of being burdened in ALS. Neurology, 64:1780-1782 Fairly commenting on an investigator's research endeavor is a task that must be taken seriously. Although it is quite easy to have an opinion of another's research, it is something quite different to be able to evaluate the research activity in terms of topic specificity and soundness, intent or purpose, data analysis, and informational importance. When embarking upon a critical analysis of another's work the reviewer must, at all times, adhere to the basic principle of prudent evaluation; namely, evaluating the structure of the research upon which scientific conclusion are drawn."
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ANOVA Techniques, 2006.
This paper analyzes an article about ANOVA, the analysis of variance research tool.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the quantitative research methodology tool ANOVA, the analysis of variance. To illustrate this particular research tool, an article employing ANOVA is examined in detail with its component sections reviewed, with a critical eye towards the use of ANOVA. The paper concludes that ANOVA is a valid and highly important statistical research device that allows the researcher to better understand the character of the topic at hand.
From the Paper
"The problem posed in Spitzner's, Marron's, and Essick's (2003) article, "Mixed-Model Functional ANOVA for Studying Human Tactile Perception," is that traditional two-dimensional approaches to quantitative statistical analysis fail to take advantage of advances in graphical applications that extend statistical analysis into a the realm of three-dimensionality. The study is necessary to illustrate how some of these graphical statistics programs can, "permit subjects to draw some aspect of the sensory experience without the constraints of numerical scales or experimenter-defined categories" (Spitzner, Marron, & Essick, 2003, para.2). The authors wish to accomplish this by employing ANOVA (analysis of variances) techniques mediated through graphical statistical analysis."
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Carneiro's Coercive Theory, 2006.
This paper examines the Carneiro's anthropological theories of South American archaeology in light of David J. Wilson's recent additions to his research.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the necessity of ongoing research as a tool for building knowledge in all scientific fields. The example of Carneiro's anthropological theories from the 1970's is used in light of new research in the field by David J. Wilson. Wilson's methods of testing previously held theories and building on them is highlighted.
From the Paper
"Carneiro's Coercive Theory: In any of the sciences, previously published and discussed theories are important for the continuation of growth and discovery within the field of study. In the social science of anthropology, this manner of building upon previous scholarship is no different than in any other science. Previously held theories are reviewed with and applied to current studies by current anthropologists. One recent example of this can be found in the work of David J. Wilson as he studied archaeology in South America. Wilson tested the hypotheses that were laid out by 1970s American anthropologist Robert Carneiro. This paper shall deal with how Wilson's work related to and built upon Carneiro's Coercive Theory, first defining and laying out just what this theory is, and then studying how Wilson's work added to scientific thought by using said theory. In the 1970s, anthropologist Robert Carneiro was investigating..."
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A Society of Sitting, 2005.
The paper explores the modern home environment and its stress on sitting.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the invention of the television and how this has affected the western society. The paper describes how it has transformed us into a culture which sits during the majority of our lives. The paper discusses how sitting has produced elements of freedom. Sitting reminds us of times when lower classes did not have such privileges and thus we look to sitting for individuality.
From the Paper
"The world of interior design has changed dramatically with the innovative technologies of the modern world. Our careers, chores and even our leisurely past-times have all adapted because of these changes. However, these events are not ones our society often considers on a daily basis, unless they are brought forth to our attention during some means. One such channel was an exposition in Paris, VIDEHOME, which illustrates the evolution of such dramatic alterations in our society. Namely, ever since the first television set was brought into a home, human habits have irrevocably transformed. Our society has become a society which sits as opposed to walking or standing and this was revolutionized by the television set. The following will examine this perspective by analyzing ideas of comfort and ergonomics, individual and cultural tastes, personal freedoms and new manufacturing ideas centered on a society of sitting."
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Ergonomics in Office Design, 2005.
This paper studies the field of ergonomic design and its benefits.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 4 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the topic of ergonomics in office design. The paper recognizes the importance of the physical and mental well-being of the office employee and therefore explains how interior designers need to be aware of methods of possible stresses for employees. The paper discusses how ideas of psychological, anatomic and physiological well-being all relate to ergonomics in the workplace.
From the Paper
"Ergonomics is a field which stresses the combination of the sciences of psychology, physiology and anatomy when designing objects and spaces that humans will utilize in order to provide the greatest levels of adaptability and comfort for the human beings involved. It involves the capability to fully understand responsibilities at hand and the methods and means to which humans will be most proficient in ensuring their completion. Once the equipment necessary for the achievement of these tasks is more suitable for interaction with people, then it is safe to suggest that the people involved will experience fewer stresses or anxiety and thus the ultimate result will culminate in successes for all involved."
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Prenatal Testing and Eugenics, 2005.
A critique on the methods employed by a study relating to prenatal screening and genetics counselling.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 0 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses a study that was conducted relating to prenatal screening and genetics counseling. The paper examines the reasons for the research, the methods, participants and instruments used to conduct the research and discusses the study findings. The paper then provides a discussion based on the study findings, as well as makes recommendations for the future of health care in relation to this issue.
From the Paper
"Introduction Prenatal screening is not routinely offered at health care facilities, nor is information provided to patients with regard to prenatal screening. Most women that deliver babies today that have genetic defects were never offered the opportunity for prenatal screening during their pregnancies. Studies have indicated that as women age they have a greater risk of fertility problems, and that by age 25 women run a 1 in 250 chance of having a child with Down's Syndrome. The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology, therefore, recommends that all women over the age of 30 be offered prenatal testing to determine if there is a genetic disorder in the unborn child."
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Streptococcus Mutans, 2005.
A scientific paper review of the bacteria, Streptococcus mutans.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the bacteria that seems to appear in research journals and media reports with ever-increasing regularity, Streptococcus mutans. It reviews of current scientific, medical, and dental professional literature and research in the quest to learn more about this cavity-causing bacterium.
From the Paper
"Scientific Review Paper: Streptococcus mutans In today's world of ever-expanding scientific and medical knowledge and know-how, one small bacterium that seems to appear in research journals and media reports with ever-increasing regularity is Streptococcus mutans. This bacterium is, according to a recent report, "one of hundreds of species of bacteria that thrive in the mouth. The bacteria's normal waste product is lactic acid, which dissolves the surface of the tooth. Over time the acid makes a cavity" (Fields 48). With such importance placed upon it as the sole reason for the dentist's drill being so busy and individuals' dental health being so poor, it is obvious as to why such energy and research is spent on this tiny organism."
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Classical Music and Spatial Tasks, 2005.
A methodological critique of an experiment analyzing the relationship between classical music exposure and an improvement in spatial tasks.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This essay critiques an experiment testing the use of classical music to improve the test scores of a number of spatial tasks. The paper describes the methodology of the experiment and discusses the findings, particularly that exposure to complexly-structured classical music leads to an improvement in abstract reasoning ability.
From the Paper
"In the experiment studying music and spatial task performance, the purpose was to "demonstrate the correlation between music cognition and cognitions pertaining to abstract operations such as mathematical or spatial reasoning." The experimenter's findings were that: exposure to complexly-structured classical music leads to an improvement in abstract reasoning ability. According to the statistics, this hypothesis seems correct, but there are a number of aspects of the study which are in need of improvement. One weak area of the study is length of time the music was played for. In the study, the students listened to ten minutes of classical music, ten minutes of a relaxation tape, and ten minutes of silence, prior to performing standard IQ spatial reasoning tasks."
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Biology of Sleep, 2005.
A critical analysis of an article on the biology of sleep.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This research study critique discusses an article relating to sleep. It focuses on slow wave activity increases during and immediately after a task is performed. The study suggests that there was a localized effect rather than global. The researchers were not explicit in their study about the sample size or population used and therefore the critique focuses on that as a major issue regarding validity of the study. It cites similar comments on study design and methodology.
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The Treatment of Alcoholism, 2005.
A proposal for a research paper devoted to an examination of conventional programs with a suggestion for a new direction in treatment.
4,275 words (approx. 17.1 pages), 10 sources, $ 169.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes an evaluative study of the items needing an assessment processes vis-a-vis alcohol treatment programs, the methods by which alcohol treatment programs are most commonly evaluated, the manner by which new planning projects for programs are determined and the outcomes arrived at by some common programs.
From the Paper
"Still other items of interest emerge. Having exhausted the topic of research methodologies, the proposal looks then at a work plan for the upcoming project as well as an offering an itemized budget for the project. Lastly, the paper takes the time to append some additional appendices that provide an insight into some of the scholarship inspiring and informing this paper. Included in the appendices is a tentative informed consent waiver or note. Lastly, there is a process supplement and question and answer section at the very end of the proposal that simply underscore the problems and challenges that the researcher expects to confront."
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