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Performance Appraisal, 2002.
This paper is a research study of the effectiveness of performance appraisals, a term used for evaluating performance of employees in an organization, and the issues accompanying performance appraisals.
8,830 words (approx. 35.3 pages), 20 sources, APA, $ 184.95
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Abstract
This paper is a research project which used a review of literature and previously completed research projects to evaluate if the achievement of organizational goals and objectives can be measured in part by effective performance appraisals. The paper reports that all of the studies confirm that effective and proper performance appraisals do result in better job performance, measuring performance effectively and enhancing care for work ethic. The author believes that an individual performance evaluation plan increases the employee?s specific understanding of his jobs and the specific tasks that make up those jobs.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of Problem
Hypothesis
Research Questions
Assumptions
Literature Review
Causes of Performance Appraisal
Steps Leading to Performance Appraisal
Performance Appraisal
Research Methodology
Variables
Results
Data Analysis and Interpretation
Discussion
Conclusion
Recommendations
Conclusion and Implications
From the Paper
"Till the end of 80s, though there was a large body of research in aspects of performance appraisal concerning accuracy of measurement, employee participation, types of performance measurements and other areas, there was no substantial research that specifically linked increased job performance and effective performance measurement with the performance appraisals. Then in 1994, a study conducted by Bruns and McKinnon, studied the following hypotheses and determined the link between performance appraisals and increased job performance through them. The first hypothesis stated that employees in organizations with well-defined, regular performance appraisal systems have more knowledge of their daily activities in more specific, precise terms than employees in corporations where this is not the case. The study further concluded that these organizations hence experience increased employee performance. The second hypothesis stated that employees in companies with well-defined and periodic performance appraisal systems concentrate their tasks on areas on which they are evaluated. In other words, such performance appraisals effectively measure the employee performance. This study has further been used throughout this paper as a recent step in this evolutionary process with the previous studies taken as classics."
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HIV Risk Prevention, 2002.
This paper is a dissertation proposal to explore HIV risk prevention by educating minority adolescents.
3,200 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 49 sources, APA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This study asks if an interactive school-based HIV/AIDS prevention/education program for multi-ethnic urban seventh and eighth graders can increase their knowledge about HIV/AIDS, promote positive attitudes towards people with AIDS and encourage the desire for changes in the high risk behavior. The paper states that this research is based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), introduced by Fishbein in 1967 and suggests that a person?s attitude toward any object is a function of his or her belief about the object and the evaluative aspects of those beliefs. The author proposes that an HIV educational program intervention will be used with a design consisting of a pre-test and post-test evaluation of an educational intervention on HIV/AIDS prevention to seventh and eighth grade students.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Conceptual Framework
Framework
Research Question/Hypothesis
Methodology
Research Design
Research Sample
Independent Variable
Research Results
Implications for Family/
Community Health Nurse Practitioners
Implications for Target Population/Community
Summary
Appendix
From the Paper
"In the United States, HIV/STD infections are prevalent among the African Americans, and the Latinas in urban and rural areas especially in districts where the unemployment rate is high and impoverished families cannot send their children to school. Out-of-school youth ages 12-19 are most stricken and while efforts are being heightened and the federal government and other funding organizations are helping, HIV/STD cases still exist and programs don?t seem to work out at all."
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Mainstreaming Special Education Students, 2002.
A proposal to study the inclusion of special education students into mainstream education.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
Previous studies have not always resulted in consistent results on the success or lack of success while mainstreaming students with disabilites and special needs. The paper shows, however, that in 50 studies comparing the academic performance of mainstreamed and segregated students with mild handicapping conditions, the mean academic performance of the integrated group was in the 80th percentile, while the segregated students score was in the 50th percentile. This paper proposes a study to prove the marked improvement in the scholastic achievement of mainstreamed ADHD students participate.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Questions to be Asked by Parents / School
Ethical Questions
Definition of Subject / Participants
Hypothesis
Definition of Procedure
Sample Evaluation Form
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Prior to mainstreaming, the family needs to be informed of what will transpire if the move to a regular classroom does not work out. What if a bully in the art class makes fun of the child s disability? Who handles that, if the teacher cannot always control the bully? What if the child is an African-American and the class he is moved into is largely Caucasian, with redneck roughnecks in the back of the room making racially inappropriate remarks? What if the child is Middle Eastern, with a name such as Mohammed, and rude boys in the new class re-name him bin Laden or another derogatory title?"
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Maternal Incarceration, 2002.
This paper is a formal research proposal to study the affects of maternal incarceration on children and youth.
7,045 words (approx. 28.2 pages), 31 sources, MLA, $ 158.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the purpose of this proposed formal research study is to examine further the influence of maternal incarceration on the social, emotional and educational well-being of children. The author uses an ecological perspective to better understand the problems experienced by families and individuals by considering the larger environment and systems that impact them and are a part of their everyday experiences. The author believes that when a child?s mother is incarcerated, separation between parent and child can be expected to be nothing less than distressing and painful, regardless of the disruption that may have been present in their lives prior to incarceration. The research method is a survey using a questionnaire; the population is incarcerated mothers, their children, the caretakers of children, and others involved in working with the family of children whose mothers have been incarcerated.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Relevant Background Information
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Significance of the Study
Theoretical Framework
Literature Review
Demographics of Incarcerated Mothers and their Children
Impact of Mother?s Incarceration on Children
An Ecological Perspective of Incarcerated Mothers and their Children
Summary of the Literature Review
Methods and Procedures
Research Design
Research Hypotheses
Research Methods
Sample
Sampling Procedure
Instrumentation
External Validity
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Data Coding
Statistical Analyses
From the Paper
"Special issues may also arise when children are placed with grandparents. As explained by Johnson and Smith (2000), efforts to raise children after one has already raised their own to adulthood may be particularly difficult for grandparents. Stresses increase as grandparents find themselves challenged by a number of losses, including loss of one?s freedom, time, and adult friendships as well as the loss of expectations concerning the typical role assumed by most grandparents.Grandparents are faced with the experience of dealing with their own feelings about an altered lifestyle and sense of personal sacrifice as well as a child or children who may have very special needs because of their parent?s incarceration. Respite care is not always available and the relationship with the incarcerated mother may become increasingly strained. These problems may be further complicated by fatigue, which has been identified by grandparents raising grandchildren as a major problem and physical and mental health may also be affected as well. According to Burton (1992), grandparents faced with raising their grandchildren have reported an increase in anxiety and depression; in their use of tobacco and alcohol; and in health problems, including arthritis, diabetes, slight strokes, and mild heart attacks."
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Interactive Electronic Technical Manuals, 2002.
This paper is a preliminary dissertation proposal to improve the interface of Interactive Electronic Technical Manuals (IETM).
5,285 words (approx. 21.1 pages), 9 sources, $ 131.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that the introduction of the Interactive Electronic Technical Manual (IETM) has greatly enhanced the phases involved in repair, diagnosis and maintenance of complex machinery; but there are still problems with the interface. The author feels that issues on the capability of human skills involved in the process of IETM are big factors that serve as barriers in the true purpose of IETM. This proposal contains information on the insufficiencies of IETM and presents ideas for enhancement of display-interface features. Graphs and illustrations.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Background of the Study
Performance of IETMs
IETM Standards
Human Issues
Problem Statement and Goal
Relevance, Significance, and Brief Review of Literature
Relevance of the Study in IETM Interfaces
Relevance of the Study in IETM Software Products
Literature Review
Barriers and Issues
Approach
Alert Window
Alert Indicator
Hyperlink
External Link
Graphics
Tables
Hotspot
Updates
Decision Steps
Milestones
Annotated Bibliography
From the Paper
"Technical manuals are one of aircraft mechanics? vital tools. An aircraft is a composition of thousands of assembly parts. Its maintenance depends on referencing to thousands of technical manuals that are critically kept for future checks and consultations in cases of aircraft repair or diagnosis. One study indicates that an F-18 Fighter, for instance, consists of 30,000 pages of documentations whose printed documents consume a storage space of 68 cubic feet. With the advent of IETM, such pages of documentation could only take a CD-ROM to store exactly all the information and a few seconds of time to retrieve them. Today, IETM has been the preferred scheme in technical assessment and repair of complex machineries. This is due to the fact that IETM offers more advantages than the traditional scheme of paper-based technical manuals."
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A Business Research Problem, 2002.
This paper is a business research proposal that demonstrates the methodology to determine the degree to what the age a book sold by a small company on EBay and the number of bidders on that book influences the final price for which the book is sold.
1,890 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses a research proposal for ?Dead White Males: Words from the Past?, a small home based business specializing in the sale of antique books from American and European authors via the Ebay web site. The paper states that the research will use three inferential statistical tests for measuring the data: Multiple regression, z-test and t-test. The author explains that the data will be collected over a one year period from usage reports generated as part of the Ebay service for members doing business on their web site.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Business Research Problem
Statement of Hypothesis
Methods Used for Testing the Hypothesis
Data Collection Method
Sample Size
Assumptions
Levels of Measurement
Descriptive Statistic Needed
Conclusion
From the Paper
"To reduce the chance of wild swings in uncontrolled variables such as the relative popularity of specific authors and the availability of what books to sell, the data set will be collected on only books by American authors, and for books that are between 100 and 150 years old. The advantage of these limits are that American books in this age range are relatively easy to obtain for people in the antique books business and additionally, this method can help filter out books whose bid prices are exceptionally high or low, (2 standard deviations). Wide fluctuations in price can occur with exceptionally rare books, or books whose dead authors are currently in vogue. It is hoped that this method will help to not skew the results of the data set studied."
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Statistical Analyses, 2002.
Compares the theoretical bases of ANOVA, ANCOVA, MANOVA and MANCOVA and examines their utilization in behavioural science.
4,742 words (approx. 19.0 pages), 17 sources, APA, $ 121.95
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Abstract
In the realm of behavioral science, researchers try to understand the psychological workings of a population by examining the traits, or variables, of a smaller sample. Statistical analyses on the data collected from samples are used in order to understand how observed behavioral phenomena generalize to a broader population. The paper shows that the main goal of this kind of research is to define what is average or typical of a group in regards to a certain characteristic or condition. A systematic comparison of the average tendencies of two or more groups yields a more accurate evaluation of group similarities and differences than does an informal examination of the data. This paper discusses and compares the four methods of testing: Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and their multivariate equivalence (MANOVA and MANCOVA).
From the Paper
"Overall, MANOVA is utilized when a researcher desires an ANOVA-like analysis for more than one dependent variable. The main purpose of MANOVA is to test whether mean differences among the independent variable on a combination of dependent variables are due to chance or a real effect. This is achieved by creating a single dependent measure from a combination of all dependent measures that maximizes the between group differences. Including more than one dependent measure improves the researcher?s chance of discovering what can change between different treatments or measures that more clearly defines the group."
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Measuring Social Attitudes, 2002.
This paper discusses the use of summated ratings or Likert scales to measure social and psychological attitudes.
980 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that summated ratings or Likert scales are one methodology used by academics, students, politicians and marketing researchers to determine the attitude of individuals towards a particular issue. The author relates that the use of summated ratings is a survey method that presents a set of attitude statements which the subject must express agreement or disagreement on a continuous scale of five to nine points. The author believes that summated ratings can be used to measure emotional attitudes regarding issues particular to criminal justice, such as punishment and enforcement of crime.
From the Paper
"The relevance of the quantification of attitude may be found in the idea that the psychological ?stimulus? designed to provoke an attitude does not necessarily have to be physical. This is reflected in the work of the psychologist Thurstone, who is considered the father of attitude measurement. He addressed the issue of how favorable an individual is with regard to a given issue in his own work. He developed an attitude continuum to determine the position of measuring favorable and unfavorable attitudes on issues. This was refined in 1932, by his prot?g? Likert, the most famous father of the attitudinal scale."
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Arts in the Learning Process, 2002.
The paper is a research proposal to evaluate arts in the learning process.
2,370 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper is a research project to prove that by including the arts actively in the learning process, students learn more comprehensively and efficiently than by the traditional methods of teaching. The author feels that this research is important because by incorporating the arts, such as dance, movement, drama, visual arts and music, in the curriculum of her students, she will diversify the curriculum and provide her students with the best possible chance for success. This paper states that the method of research will be qualitative/narrative and will use videotaping to measure results.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions/Journey Leading to Research Questions
Significance of Study
From the Paper
"Dance, drama and music are but a few examples of teaching tools that engage a student?s sense of sound, touch, feeling and emotion. Intelligence cannot simply be measured by assessing the ability of students to produce written material. Many students are in fact, spatially oriented. An engineer for example, is much more likely to create a ?picture? in his/her mind of a project to be completed, rather than write a book about the structure. Education is not a product to swallow without reflection and struggle, nor is it information to pour into a waiting but empty brain."
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The Effect of Divorce on Drinking, 2002.
This paper is a report of a research project that examines the role of marital status in alcoholic consumption for national probability samples aggregated over the years 1972 to 2000.
1,985 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper reports on a research project which tests the core hypothesis: Alcoholism and heavy drinking are more prevalent among divorced individuals (independent variable) than among those who have never been divorced (dependent variable) including gender as a controlling variable. The author used the National Data Program for the Social Sciences, more commonly known as the General Social Survey (GSS), a data diffusion project and a program of social indicator research, to examine data files aggregated from 1972 to 2000. The author concluded that marital status influences drinking habits: Divorced women and women are more likely to drink and/or experience alcohol-related problems than women who have never been married.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Hypothesis
Data and Measurement
Analysis and Interpretations
Conclusions
From the Paper
"According to Power, Rodgers and Hope, heavy alcohol consumption is more prevalent in divorced people than in married people, with the never married people being an intermediate group. This study also showed that heavy alcohol consumption tends to decline with age in young adulthood, falling from 21.4 percent at age 23 to 13 percent at age 33 in men and from 6 percent to 3.4 percent in women. This study showed that alcohol consumption is more prevalent in those who marry compared to those who remain single to age 33, although the difference was not large and was significant only in men. Marriage between the two ages correlated with a greater decline in consumption than remaining single, for men and women. Heavy consumption was not a major predictor of subsequent divorce but divorce between age 23 and 33 was linked with an increase in heavy drinking. Those who had separated recently showed the biggest increase in heavy drinking. The findings show that marital breakdown is a risk factor for higher consumption (with longer-term effects) and that remaining single is a risk factor for chronic heavy alcohol consumption. This study shows that marital status has a direct relationship with drinking, and suggests that gender may play a role in patterns."
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Race and Academic Achievement, 2002.
A research design examining the relationship between race and ethnicity and academic achievement.
2,801 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
A study to see whether students from five racial classifications ? White, Asian, Black, Hispanic and Native American ? show statistically significant differences in their scores in reading and math. Using disaggregated data, this study would also examine whether significant differences occur within these racial classifications. In addition, this paper would study whether socio-economic status and language proficiency have a significant effect on a child?s reading and math skills.
From the Paper
"This goal of this paper is to contribute to studies about racial classifications and educational policy. If the test scores of vary significantly between the groups, measures should be taken to address the problem and ensure that the educational needs of all children are met. In addition, by examining the disaggregated data, this paper will examine whether the broad racial categories are an accurate method to classify students in educational policy research. These broad racial categories may mute important differences among racial subgroups. Again, if such differences occur, they should also be addressed through educational policy. Finally, while the primary goal of this study will be to analyze the effect of race and ethnicity on a student?s reading and math skills, this paper will also look at how differences both among and within racial classifications may be affected by socioeconomic status and language proficiency."
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Classroom Management, 2002.
An examination of effective classroom management techniques.
6,809 words (approx. 27.2 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 154.95
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Abstract
This paper examines and outlines a plan of action that will reduce the amount of disciplinary referrals that arrive on a daily basis in the Assistant Principal?s Office at Southeast Elementary by a benchmark of 10%, or a reduction of 126 visits during the course of a year. Southeast Elementary School is located in the City of Valdosta, in the Lowndes District of Georgia, USA. It looks at how a reduction in the number of disciplinary referrals will mean that efforts of teachers and administrators can be aimed at more proactive areas, such as prevention and education.
Outline
Chapter One - Introduction and Background Data
Introduction
Problem Statement
Research Questions
Background Data
Summary
Chapter Two- Focus of the Applied Dissertation
Current Situation
Proposed Solution
Areas of Inquiry
Summary
Chapter Three - Literature Review
Introduction
Classroom Management and Discipline
Parental Guidance
Total School Discipline
Educator Approaches to Best Practices
Effective Strategies
Summary
Chapter Four - Research Methodology
Approach
The Evaluation Design
Objectives
Terminal Objective
Process Objectives
The Condition for Change
Summary
Chapter Five - Results
Overview
Methodology
Findings and Results
References
From the Paper
"An alternative school exists within the school system, and provides the student with a removed setting within the school for a period of up to 10 days. However, space for additional students in the alternative school is limited to 3 at any given time. Home suspensions are allowed for up to ten days. However, this is often the preferred method of discipline by students, as it is perceived as a sanctioned vacation. Here, the student will certainly fall behind with respect to the schoolwork. In most cases, these are remedies of last resort. The more typical scenario is that the Assistant Principal reprimands the student and sends him or her back to the classroom, often in cases where the student may deserve a much harsher punishment."
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Scientific Rating of the Disciplines, 2002.
Examines the results of a survey undertaken to determine how "scientific" certain disciplines are considered.
903 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
To determine whether or not a discipline was considered scientific, a survey at a university?s undergraduate psychology department was performed. The results of this survey showed chemistry to be the most scientific and philosophy to be the least. The two disciplines are compared and contrasted. An objective assessment of the results of the survey is given. Includes a table.
From the Paper
"If determinism can be considered an indicator of how scientific a discipline is, then it is not surprising that chemistry was considered the most scientific. In this science, the concept of statistical determinism may be more appropriate; this argument states that ?events can be predicted, but only with a probability greater than chance? (Goodwin, p.7). Chemistry can be seen as being a cause and effect science, whereas philosophy, the discipline found to be the least scientific, does not fall neatly into this category. Philosophy depends a great deal on subjective responses to events or stimuli. Regardless of the approach taken by philosophers, the basic ideas in philosophy are often intangible, such as the concept of God, and therefore can be construed as unscientific."
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Physiological Responses to Variations in Cold Pressor Temperatures, 2002.
A look at an experiment carried out on cardiovascular reactivity in relation to the use of the cold pressor.
1,345 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes an experiment of physiological reactivity in relation to different temperatures of the cold pressor. Three groups of subjects are compared using 15 people in each group. Each group experienced a different temperature of the cold pressor, specifically 0, 10 or 20 degrees Celsius. Physiological measurements taken were systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart period and pre-ejection period. The data was analyzed and compared between groups to determine differences in nervous system reactivity. The results showed a clearer understanding of cardiovascular reactivity in relation to the use of the cold pressor.
From the Paper
"Cold pressor techniques are used in psychophysiological research to induce pain and stimulate the sympathetic nervous system. The cold pressor as an experimental tool can be applied to the subject?s forehead or the subject?s foot or arm can be immersed in ice water, with each variation resulting in differing degrees of physiological response (Durel, et. al., 1993). The limb applications are considered the most reliable because the facial application may involve the dive reflex (Durel, et. al., 1993). For the purpose of this study, the arm immersion will be used."
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ADHD Research, 2002.
Description of the procedure of an experimental research experiment on children suffering from Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.
1,437 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The author of this paper was the laboratory assistant of Dr. Ken Moan, a leader in research on sufferers of ADHD whose area of interest is in the nervous system reactivity of children with ADHD. When placed in this stressful situation, the ADHD child?s nervous system overcompensates, causing the child to be highly aroused in situations where it is inappropriate. The paper describes an experiment where children were placed in a stressful situation. It looks at the research proposal, method and results. It also includes a full experiment protocol as an appendix.
From the Paper
"Moan is now a School Psychologist, so this research seemed particularly important to his field. I began this project with little knowledge of the underlying causes of ADHD (Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder). In fact, I knew the condition as ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder), another condition that varies from ADHD in that children with ADHD have difficulties with hyperactivity and impulsivity, as well as inattention (Slavin, 1997). In Ken Moan?s Thesis, Differential Reactivity and the Relationship to ADHD and non-ADHD Subjects, inattention in ADHD children is apparent by the child being distracted easily, not completing tasks, having trouble organizing work and requiring a larger amount of supervision that children at the same developmental level (1996). Moan further states that impulsively and hyperactivity are seem in excessive running and climbing, fidgeting, restlessness, as well as acting before thinking and having difficulty taking turns with other children (1996)."
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