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Medication Administration Errors, 2004.
An examination of what nurses perceive as the causative factors contributing to medication administration errors.
1,742 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, too often, health care systems do not take the time necessary to define causative factors for medication administration errors and how, rather, it is more convenient to simply assign blame. It looks at how studies suggest that medication administration errors are on the rise and how far more errors happen than are currently reported. It proposes a study to investigate how health care systems contribute to medication administration errors and to better define exactly what critical factors are most to blame for those errors. It aims to examine the notion that systematic errors are in large part to blame for administration errors, rather than individual errors. It also intends to develop a framework for identifying potential causes for errors, thus supplying nursing care professionals much needed tools to enable them to prevent such errors.
Outline
Introduction
Background of Problem
Significance of the Problem
Problem Statement
Conceptual Framework
Preliminary Literature Review
Method
Research Design
Data Collection Procedure
Ethical Considerations
From the Paper
"In a health care environment, a system may be defined as the following: an integrated delivery system, a centrally owned multi-hospital system, an operating room, an obstetrical unit or an oncology unit (NAP, n.d.: 45). To understand how errors might happen in a system, one must first examine the more far reaching elements of a system. For example, the operating room can be tied to the larger surgical department, which is part of a hospital, which is ?part of a larger health care delivery system? (NAP, n.d.:45). This makes the process of identifying an error within the system more challenging, because there are greater areas to examine."
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Fasting before Surgery, 2004.
A research proposal to determine the protocol for fasting before elective surgery.
6,039 words (approx. 24.2 pages), 67 sources, MLA, $ 143.95
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Abstract
This paper examines and analyzes optimal fasting before elective surgery by examining clinical study information to determine if optimal fasting is necessary and, if so, what effect this has had on patient risk and morbidity. Research is obtained from sources and studies that have collected data from observation and surveys, and fieldwork studies are also included. Information is also taken from various specialists in the field of anaesthesiology. The primary objectives of the data-gathering throughout the course of the paper will be to obtain information that can determine if optimal fasting is the best standard to implement, whether there are any correlations between pulmonary aspiration and optimal fasting, and if a new standard should be implemented that lessens fasting time.
Outline
Introduction
Problem Statement
Purpose of Research
Research Objectives
Research Methodology
Research Design
Data Collection
Sample Design
Field Work
Data Analysis
Limitations of Research
Literature Review
Application of Findings
Implementation
Conclusions
Bibliography
Appendices
From the Paper
"During a study conducted in 2002 (Crenshaw & Winslow), surgical patients revealed that they were thirsty and hungry after having fasted for 12-14 hours prior to surgery. However, guidelines issued in 1999 by the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) (www.asahq.org) allow for the consumption of liquids as close as two hours before surgery and a light meal within six hours. Although the authors acknowledge ?a well-known lag between the dissemination and implementation of practice guidelines,? they maintain that it is up to the nursing staff to be ?more assertive? in collaborating with attending clinicians to establish evidence-based preoperative fasting policies (Clinicians Publishing Group, 2002)."
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Qualitative Nursing, 2004.
This paper analyzes the article, "Observation of Pain Assessment and Management: The Complexities of Clinical Practice", by Elizabeth Manis, Mari Botti, and Tracey Bucknall.
1,250 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
In the article, ?Observation of Pain Assessment and Management: The Complexities of Clinical Practice,? Elizabeth Manis, Mari Botti, and Tracey Bucknall focus their research on the complex issues that nurses face when dealing with pain management and assessment. This paper critiques and analyzes the article, presenting an analysis of the problem, method, sampling, data collection, and conclusions used within the article.
From the Paper
"Manis, Botti and Bucknall (2002) identify that ?pain assessment and management are complex issues that embrace physiological, emotional, cognitive, and social dimensions? (p. 724) and because of these complexities it is necessary to investigate nurse-patient relations associated with pain assessment and management in hospitalized, post-surgical settings. Manis et al. recognize that there has been substantial research conducted on post operative pain itself but very little has been conducted in the way of assessment and management of pain."
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The Pharmaceutical Industry, 2004.
This paper is a research proposal to investigate the impact of Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) of two multi-national pharmaceutical companies, Abbott Laboratories and Baxter Corporation, in their U.S., Canadian, and Brazilian markets.
2,365 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper delineates the objectives of the study: (1) To determine the impact of the environment in which the organization operates by using the PESTLE and SWOT (Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunity-Threats) analysis methods;, (2) to present a brief history of the companies and to evaluate the products manufactured and sold; (3) to understand the health care market, the impact of laws and regulations and the role of national and local governments; (4) to perform a Michael Porter?s five-force analysis; and (5) to investigate the role of SCP. The author relates that this thesis will be based on a literature review and secondary data collection. The paper stresses that this study will provide useful information to policy and decision makers in the industry.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Proposed Methodology
Reflections and Potential Obstacles
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Competition is very intense in the modern day organization. Companies are increasingly striving to differentiate their products and services in the market in order to gain higher profits and a greater market share. Portfolio management, product life cycle management, decision analysis and risk analysis are becoming some of the strategies that have to be used by managers and executives all over the world. For-profit organizations are investing a lot of money and human resources to help identify variables that can make their organizations competitive in their respective markets. Failure in managing any one variable can result in the overall failure of the organization."
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Total Quality Management, 2004.
Researches the success of this Japanese system and how it could be applied to other areas.
14,753 words (approx. 59.0 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
The philosophy of Total Quality Management was first developed in Japan and adopted by the West in the 1960s, when American companies began investigating why Japanese industries were taking over the lead that America had held in the past. This paper studies the progress of TQM, especially in the Japanese context, and examines the reasons for its success. It also presents a review of the different ways TQM can be applied.
Paper Outline
Research Aim
Executive Summary
Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology
Data Analysis
Changing Work Content and Relations
Applications of TQM
What Does All this Mean?
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The concept in itself is an integrated view of the total activities of the company. Thus there is need for the definition, design, production and delivery of the concerned product or service. The aim is to meet the demands of the customers and their expectations so that they end up being satisfied. This is expected to create a positive spiral of growth for the company in the market. In short, happy employees will do a better job and this will satisfy the customers, leading to an increase in demand. The increase in sales will lead to an increase in profits. This will help the organization obtain new investments and better working conditions. (20)"
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Conflict Resolution, 2004.
This paper discusses conflict resolution, a method beginning in the early grades to teach children the systematic way to handle differences with others.
2,185 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that educators recognize that the management of classroom behavior problems is one of the most important skills a teacher can have; however, many teachers feel it is the area where they are the less prepared. The author relates that the goal of conflict resolution is to teach students to identify conflicts and to learn to find ways to solve the differences in what is called a ?win/win? way, where both people walk away feeling the resolution was fair and just. The paper suggests a research project to test the efficacy of conflict management in the classroom by using a checklist of disruptive behavioral problems to compare behaviors in classrooms that either use or do not use conflict management.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of Problem
Review of the Literature
Hypothesis
How to Proceed
From the Paper
"Bryant-Edwards, et. al. (2002) found students who had been suspended for behavior problems during one and one-half year period and put them into a program called ?Alternative to Suspension for Violent Behavior? (ASVB), which was based on conflict resolution. The researchers looked for four desired outcome -- a reduced rate of later suspensions for participants for physical violence; reduced suspensions not related to violence; reduced rate of suspension overall for students completing the program; and a lower rate of other disciplinary interventions. However, assignment to groups was not random, and other factors seemed to be relevant."
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Instructional Design Competency Testing, 2004.
This paper is a literature review of the instructional design process and the training received by students preparing to be instructional designers.
20,865 words (approx. 83.5 pages), 118 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the process of applying the instructional technology knowledge base to the education and training needs of the work force is referred to as instructional design. The author points out that as instructional technology, and more specifically, instructional design, has evolved, there have been efforts to more effectively meet the needs of business through the training of instructional designers who provide the instructional products business and industry what it needs to train the workforce. The paper concludes that there is a skills mismatch between school and business, representing a cultural shift, which is the result of a significant paradigmatic transference within the educational organizations that has not occurred correspondingly in the business culture; therefore, it is important to create instructional design artifacts that adequately meet the needs of the student and of the businesses in which the students will build careers.
Table of Contents
Instructional Design Competencies
Introduction
Evidence for Skills Mismatch
Reviewing Current Educational Preparation through Instructional Design
Case Study of Attempts to Institute Competency Measurement and Curriculum Change
Identifying Common Goals
General and Specific ID Strategies
The Foundation for Competency Measurement and Human Resource Practices
Bridging the Skill Mismatch with Competency Testing and Instructional Design
The History of Instructional Design and Instructional Technology Development
An Important Missing Link
Conclusion
Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methodology
The Evolution of our Understanding of Human Nature and the Beginning of Human Behavioral Studies
Maslow?s Hierarchy of Needs ? a Shift in Understanding
Triangulation as a Resolution for the Dichotomy
Educational Culture and Business Expectations
Are They Speaking The Same Language?
From the Paper
"Information can be processed either consciously or automatically, and conscious processing requires more working memory resources than does automatic processing. (Kalyuga , Chandler , and Sweller 1998) Schemas which are stored in long-term memory, with varying degrees of automaticity, form the basis of the conscious thought process. A schema, thought, paradigm, or concept can be stored and retrieved from long-term memory either in fully automated form or in a form that requires conscious consideration of each of the elements and their relations. If a schema can be brought into working memory in automated form, it will make limited demands on working memory resources, and thereby leave more resources available to the person. If a fully automated schema incorporating the problem solution is available in long-term memory for transfer to working memory, solution will proceed easily and smoothly."
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Education Accommodation, 2004.
This paper is a research proposal to analyze education accommodation for at-risk populations, including educational opportunities, and the importance of establishing positive relationships outside of the home to continuing education.
3,185 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 1400 sources, MLA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes examining the premise that students are at risk for a negative outcome, and their success is reliant upon the ability of educators to promote motivation, achievement, and self-confidence in an educational setting. The author states that the research design utilized for this study is primarily observational, involving historical practices, sampling of high school students, and using variables that include the climate under which students learning best. The paper points out that a critical factor for success in this study involves the ability of the researcher to gather information related to the students' perceptions of what factors are necessary for achievement.
Table of Content
Statement of the Problem
Aims of the Investigation
Research Questions
Literature Review
Research Design/Methodology
Justification
Validity/Reliability/Limitations
Reliability and Validity
Approach to Data Analysis
From the Paper
"Too often the blame is placed on the child, rather than on the school. Educators should be asking the question, ?Is the school at risk of failing the child.? Far too often minority student?s end up being underrepresented in academic programs designed to prepare students for postsecondary education. For example, African American adolescent?s academic performance is typically significantly less that that of white children, with a majority of African-American students performing as much as fourth grade levels below average in the fields of math and science."
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Business Forecasting, 2004.
This paper discusses various techniques of business forecasting and their use at Sony Corporation.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that one of the most important components of any successful business is the ability to make effective decisions regarding the future; this allows the business to anticipate sale,s thus gearing their business components toward these changing sales figures. The author points out that one of the most important assumptions of business forecasters is that the past acts as an important guide for the future, but this presents a problem in times of uncertainty. The paper states that both the Delphi technique and time series forecasting are valuable forecasting tools in the right circumstances. The Delphi technique is useful for short term forecasts; therefore, it is often a more valuable tool for business forecasting during conditions of uncertainty.
From the Paper
"Sony Corporation, along with many other large and small businesses, uses business forecasting techniques to predict future sales. The Sony Corporation of America is the American subsidiary of Tokyo's Sony Corporation. The company manufactures information technology, audio, video and communication products for both professionals and consumers. The company had over $62.3 billion in consolidated annual sales for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2003, with $20 billion in sales in the United States (Sony Corporation of America). Given these impressive sales figures, business forecasting plays an important role in Sony's corporate strategy."
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The Phenomena of Connectivity, 2004.
This paper is a complete research project studying the complex theory of connectivity, a biological, psychological, and environmental approach to lifespan development.
16,260 words (approx. 65.0 pages), 66 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper is a quantitative study of the phenomena of connectivity that uses a sample population of 425 displaced women treated in Bogota, Colombia, to test the hypothesis. The author used a formal questionnaire with two main scales to measure the degree of connectivity among these women against a background of emotional and psychological well-being. The paper reports that this thesis has found evidence for 1) a biological basis for connectivity, 2) psychological effects on connectivity, and 3) environmental effects on connectivity. These findings are extremely important because such a study has not previously been undertaken and because these results add weight to the body of literature that suggests trauma can lead to anti-social, deviant behavior arising from a lack of connectivity.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Background of the Problem
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Theoretical Framework
Research Hypotheses
Sample Population
Importance of the Study
Scope of the Study
Organization of the Thesis
Literature Review
Origins of Attachment Theory
Adult Attachment
Longitudinal Studies
Romantic Relationship Studies
Measures of Adult Attachment
Methodology
Sample Population
Instrumentation: The Construction of the Survey
Instrumentation: The Adult Attachment Scale (AAS)
Instrumentation: The Hazan and Shaver (1987) Questionnaire
Research Design
Limitations of Study
Data Analysis
Basic Statistical Filtering of the Data
Plan for Statistical Analysis
Simple Statistics and Table of Eigenvalues
Extraction of Initial Factors
Rotation to Terminal Solution
Choosing the Number of Factors to Retain
Position in the Scree Plot
Proportion of Accounted Variance
How are the Results of the Factor Analysis Presented, and How Should They Be Interpreted?
Results
Results of the AAS and Hazan and Shaver Surveys
Conclusion
Summary
Conclusion
Discussion
Future Research
From the Paper
"Attachment theory developed out of this early work of Bowlby?s, combined with his growing awareness of evidence emerging from developmental biology and the new science of ethnology. Lorenz?s work with imprinting in birds and Harlow?s work with monkeys showed that affectional bonds could develop unrelated to the satisfaction of hunger needs. Bowlby?s (1958, 1969) insights led him to conclude from this that humans needed social interaction that was satisfied by the caregiver being close by and available for support when needed, This was in contrast to the traditional psychoanalytic theory of dependency, where affectional bonds were thought to develop secondarily to the primary drives for food and sex. As attachment behavior had been found to occur in most species of mammals, he suggested that there was a ?primary attachment relationship? that developed during the first nine months of life whose evolutionary function was to protect from predators "
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Researching Unemployment and the Crime Rate, 2004.
This paper discusses the proposed methodology for researching the effects of unemployment on the crime rate.
1,970 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper states that the author wants to test the hypothesis that the larger the unemployment rate, the larger the number of crimes that will be committed. The author proposes that reviewing the available literature provides the best method to determine the type and frequency of crimes and then tries to compare this information against employment figures. The paper explains that this mega-research offers much insight into how unemployment can affect the crime rate and why it is important that this issue be dealt with.
Table of Contents
Problem or Objective
Subjects for Study
Ethical Considerations
Measurement
Data Collection Methods
Analysis
From the Paper
"All of these variables can be defined in a very straightforward manner, and they can be discovered through information found in the research of others. Most of the research variables that this research intends to study have been studied before, but looking at so many variables in one study is not all that common. Most often, only one or two variables are examined, and while this brings clarity of focus to the particular study, it does not allow for consideration of the many other factors that may be important. This clarity of focus on only one or two things often brings confusion about the larger issue, and since it does not take into account the many other reasons that may affect someone's decision to commit a criminal act, many limitations are involved that could have been removed had the study examined more potential variables in an effort to see the whole picture, rather than just a part of it."
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The Ability to Read, 2004.
This paper is a research proposal providing an extensive review of literature about the ability to read and describing a research methodology to evaluate the predictor effects of short-term memory and language ability.
10,640 words (approx. 42.6 pages), 93 sources, APA, $ 212.95
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Abstract
This paper explains in detail the process of reading and the many factors that can contribute to problems in learning to read. The paper details evaluating the predictor effects of short-term memory and language ability by testing children of low socioeconomic status between the ages of three and four years on reading skills. The author points out that, if the relationship of short-term memory and language ability is predictive, this knowledge might be helpful to the clinician in deciding which children to refer to intervention programs.
Table of Contents
The Meaning of Reading
Proper Reading Development
Decompose Reading
Alphabetic Principle
Passage Comprehension
Normal Reading Ability in Children Ages 6-10
Early Development to Promote Reading
Language and Reading Ability
Dyslexia, a Common, Worldwide Phenomenon
Hyperlexia
Receptive and Expressive Language
Short Term Memory and Reading Ability
Dyslexia and Memory Correlated
Types of Attention
Short-term Memory and Environmental Factors
Purpose of the Study
Rationale
From the Paper
"Genetic factors also play an important role in future reading and learning disabilities. Though the specific genetic influences such as identification of a phonological awareness gene have yet to be identified, certain lingual characteristics are inherited. Bishop studied a cohort of children from 86 families. The children presented with language impairments. The hereditary problems could be identified through a test of non-word repetition. Such a hereditary relationship was not found among respondents among respondents from the general population. The study concluded, that non-word repetition, inherited or not, is indicative of potential reading and learning disabilities."
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E-learning Research Design, 2004.
This paper is a review of the literature about a research design to be used to study e-learning.
4,335 words (approx. 17.3 pages), 23 sources, APA, $ 114.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, as online learning takes its place within the arena of higher education, it is imperative that reliable research be instigated to determine the level of quality that exists and can be expected. The author stresses that there is a need for researchers to choose methodology relevant to the questions being asked. The paper states that the researcher hoping to investigate student retention rates related to online learning programs needs to be aware of the variables, appropriate methodologies, and the choices in instruments to aid in research.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Points to Consider
Related Studies
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In deciding on a methodology, the researcher would do well to consider that ?the objective of most clinical studies is to determine one of the following--prevalence, incidence, cause, prognosis, or effect of treatment; it is therefore useful to remember which type of study is most commonly associated with each objective? (Mann, 2003, p. 54). If the purpose of the study is to isolate cause for behavior change, a single-case research design is suggested (Barlow and Hersen, 1984, cited in Foster et al, 2002). A simple study design for determining change in behavior is referred to as the ?A-B design? where a baseline period is used as a ?control? and is compared with a ?B? phase where the dependent variable is in force."
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Long-Term Unemployment in Russia, 2004.
This paper is a dissertation proposal to study the economic and political factors contributing to the time path of unemployment in Russia as compared to former Eastern Block countries.
1,220 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Russian delay in achieving low unemployment can be directly attributed to reasons of education, specific human capital mismatch, low wages, tax schemes designed to punitively tax so-called excess profits, and other factors. The author points out that Russian unemployment figures have been difficult to come by in the past, due in part to the country?s definition of unemployment, and the way employment and unemployment are measured by the government. The paper states that the dissertation will examine time points in the data of major market indicators, such as employment levels, wages, and availability of various factors of production of each of the countries to illuminate the causal effects of economic and political practices affecting rates of unemployment in Russia and selected former satellite countries.
Table of Contents
Dissertation Plan
Proposed Content Synopsis
Factors Effecting Unemployment and the Difference between General and Transitional Unemployment
Economic Determinants of Employment Levels
Expected Results of Transitional Economies
Looking at the Data
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Current economic models attempt to explain the determinants that affect levels of employment. These include where the employment equilibrium sits, how short and long run economic factors affect the equilibrium, and what short and long run factors in Russia and the chosen former Soviet block countries are contributing to the overall unemployment levels of these countries. Aside from internal pressures, Russia?s response to external factors, such as WTO accession on Russian economy have profound effects on Russia?s overall economic health and of course on its rate of short and long-term unemployment."
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Advanced Placement Courses, 2004.
Produced as a report to investigate the allocation of funding to a school district to finance honors study courses.
3,032 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper is written as report in reply to a school board?s Request for Proposal (RFP) that was released to its educational researching and consulting program. The report is produced by the large urban school district somewhere in the northeastern United States, which is currently in the process of implementing a series of advanced placement and honors study courses for their core curriculum courses in three senior high schools. Prior to the district administrators feeling confident that they can indeed approve and eventually allocate the necessary funding for the proposed advanced placement and or honors study courses, the board?s leaders have allocated funding to undergo a thorough planning study that will help facilitate and provide a clear picture of the overall process of implementing the new advanced placement and or honors study courses in the three district high schools. This proposal provides a hypothesis; a background that provides the school board with an understanding of the nature and scope of the advanced placement and/or honors courses; a statement of the issues and problems when implementing such courses in urban schools; a methodological section that provides details on the procedures proposed; analytic methods used; and the potential significance of the project. The paper includes a graph.
From the Paper
"Urban schools present a particular challenge to school leadership. However, when educational leaders champion the diversity and commit themselves to serving the student bodies within the urban community, these schools have an opportunity to become both academic and social diamonds in the rough. These goldmines can offer new and positive opportunities. The school system through this program has decided to increase the amount of money spent per pupil and this offers an incentive for experienced teachers. ?In our large cities, the majority of young Americans end compulsory education in high schools that feel oppressive at worst and irrelevant at best, despite the well intentioned best efforts of the adults who serve them. If education is to be the practice of freedom, then we are not yet free, and some of us are freer than others.? (Jubb) Smaller but more challenging classes will encourage teachers to teach those disgruntled levels of students."
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