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Review of Human Behavior Research, 2004.
Presents a literature review of some of the many aspects of human behavior research.
2,405 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
Human behavior has been studied for thousands of years, yet researchers still find interesting aspects of human behavior to study. It is the complexities, still somewhat beyond comprehension, that leave the exploration of human beings as the true 'final frontier'. This paper discusses just an infinitesimal portion of the plethora of research on the interesting topic of human behavior. This original research ranges from the study of the ontogeny of serial order behavior in humans to an examination of the theory of planned behavior in the exercise domain.
From the Paper
"The study of human emotional response to changing circumstances is interesting, especially the study of why certain individuals are happier than average over time. Lucas and Baird (2004) utilized seven studies to verify their hypothesis and found that "the moderate correlation between extraversion and positive affect is one of the strongest and most consistent findings in the study of personality psychology." However, more research should be performed specifically with more varied age groups."
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Nursing: Restraint Reduction, 2004.
A research proposal to investigate whether or not the move to restraint-free or restraint-reduced environments has led to an increase in fall-related injuries in the cognitively impaired elderly patient.
2,712 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes a study to determine the relationship between restraint use and fall-related injuries. It shows how exploring the difference both historically and currently between incidence of fall-related injuries will assist further research projects, and proposals by continuing to demonstrate the effectiveness of reduced restraint use for the safety of the patient population.
Outline
Purpose
Significance
Review of Literature
Methods
Human Subjects
From the Paper
"It has even become clear through research that something as simple as bilateral bed rail use does not meet the needs of the impaired patient in the nursing home. The standard of care associated with the use of bed rails and even the fundamental documentation of their supervised use has been a hard foundation to shatter, yet in several research studies, one of which will be detailed here there is a growing body of evidence that bed rails do not decrease the incidence of bed related falls in nursing home populations and might even increase such risk, due to the desire of the patient to care for themselves when there is no quick response from an overburdened nursing staff or when they are simply disoriented."
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Adoption, 2004.
A research proposal to determine whether adoption is detrimental to the health or well-being of an adopted child.
6,413 words (approx. 25.7 pages), 24 sources, MLA, $ 148.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes a study to determine whether closed adoption, as opposed to open adoption, where the adoptive parents and the birth family all work together in varying degrees to provide the child with the most optimal upbringing, is really better for the child. It examines previously published literature in the quest to find the answer and explores several child theories regarding the best interest of the child when it comes to having open or closed adoptions. The study concludes that open adoption is the best solution for the general well-being of the child.
From the Paper
"The argument for open adoption is strong when one looks at the evidence and the research that has been done on the topic. Experts agree that one of the problems for adopted children and adults is the fact that they do not have any sense of who they are. In addition, who they are is supposed to be ignored and forgotten as they pretend this new family is the only family they have ever had(Smith, 2001).
"Kirschner also draws from the writings of B.J. Lifton, an adoptee who has generalized her own unhappiness with adoption."
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Research and Social Constructivism, 2004.
A look at different research methodologies for the study of psychology.
3,484 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 45 sources, MLA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how a researcher must think about the available methods that suit both the research and the goals of psychology and how human behavior is thought to be too complex to predict an individual's actions precisely. It looks at how researchers seek to develop a high degree of reliability in their measures, as well as constantly seek to improve that reliability and discusses different methodologies.
Outline
Introduction
Research Methodologies
Research in Psychology
Social Constructivism
Postmodern Thought
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Researchers have long debated the relative value of qualitative and quantitative inquiry (Patton, 1990). There are two types of research: phenomenological or qualitative which uses a naturalistic approach that seeks to understand phenomena in context-specific settings and logical positivism or quantitative research, which utilizes what is commonly thought of experimental methods to test hypothesis (Hoepfl, 2001). Much of the research done within human relations attempts to combine the two by designing measures which represent the reaction and, or, interaction of the individual with a specific setting. Humanistic psychologists such as A. Giogi, are among the strongest advocates of research designed to take into account all aspects of the human experience. Giogi, 1985, developed the Duquesne approach in an effort to instill an element of language diversity within the field of psychological research."
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Ethics of Marketing to Children, 2004.
This paper outlines research to determine the ethics of marketing to children and to identify boundaries within which organizations should maintain their marketing efforts
1,860 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, regardless of who holds responsibility for the behavior of the nation's children, direct marketing to children, online or through traditional techniques, is developing a new profitable channel for business sales. The author points out that direct marketing to children expanded to schools through the entry of vending machines and corporate-sponsored products and events. The paper outlines two research approaches: a review of current regulatory policy to identity specific guidelines and a qualitative survey of teachers to collect their perceptions of current marketing practices.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Purpose of This Study
Literature Review
Research Methodology
Ethical Considerations
Timeline
From the Paper
"The economic value of marketing to children extends beyond the amount of money in their collective pocket at any one time. Children are determining their own personal spending patterns, and developing brand identity which could influence a lifetime of buying habits. For this second reason, children are profitable targets of business marketing dollars. When a child established their own purchasing habits, businesses can have a customer for the rest of the child's life."
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Non-Participation in the Classroom, 2004.
This paper is a dissertation proposal to determine why non-participatory behaviors are prevalent in classroom settings and to discover key strategies and techniques for reducing these behaviors and encouraging a more proactive learning environment.
1,845 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 19 sources, APA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, during the last decade, the incidence of student non-participation within the classroom, a source of constant frustration among teachers and faculty members, increased exponentially. The author points out that a large body of recent research focuses on the influence of student's thoughts, beliefs, and feelings about themselves and others related to their motivational practices and ability to participate more aggressively in the classroom; students often fail to participate because of inadequate feelings of self-worth, esteem, and achievement. The paper stresses that an important factor when assessing the behaviors of non-participatory student involves peer norms, defined as norms that are a composite of the perceptions held by the class members regarding what the other pupils feel is appropriate to do.
Table of Contents
Working Title
Terms of Reference
Problem Studied/Thesis
Content
Methodology
Literature Sources
From the Paper
"This dissertation proposes use of a Likert type scale to as a means of gathering data related to the survey population. Students and teachers to be assessed will be identified as those most impacted by non-participatory behavior, which is intended to be realized during the Literature Review. For purposes of this study a broad analysis of educational practices over diverse classroom settings will be examined, as it would not be feasible to study every classroom environment within the United States. Assessment of which schools to survey will depend on accessibility, and information gained from the Literature Review which may indicate what institutions and classroom environments are best surveyed for purposes of this study. The size of the population surveyed will be approximately 200 people in 3 or more classroom environments, with an expected return of at minimum 5 to 25 surveys."
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The Nature of Christ in Relation to God, 2004.
This paper is a proposal to investigate the nature of Christ in relation to God from both a philosophical and theological perspective.
5,760 words (approx. 23.0 pages), 27 sources, MLA, $ 138.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that there are several ambiguities presented in the metaphysical and the materialist approaches to understanding the universe. The author points out that the basis of Hartshorne's arguments is blind faith, but his presentations are convincing, as he has considered 'time' and 'necessity' as important factors. The paper states that, through a doctrinal approach, the relation between God and the 'Nature of Christ' may be explained through the understanding that Christ is God himself or at least an extension of him in the form of flesh, and this specifically relates to all His (Christ) divine actions while He was on earth.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Review
Hartshorne's Argument
Immanuel Kant's Contradiction
Evidence from the Bible
The 'Nature of Christ': Old and New Testaments
The Dualist Perspective
Descartes' Opinion
Ryle's Opinion
H.H. Price's Opinion
Hick's Opinion
Statement of the Problem
Thesis
Scope
Key Words
Terms and their Meanings
Perspectives (Philosophical)
Perspectives (Theological)
Proposal
From the Paper
"In Descartes dualist concept, the belief in the existence of the mind and body is essential. Based on this concept, Descartes was able to know where he stood; he knew then that he existed because he could think. Hence, he believed in the following that is popular in contemporary times "cogito ergo sum" or "we think, therefore we are". Descartes apparently has had significant impact on concepts of life after death. However, he faced obstacles in certain explanations, and this is because he could not provide convincing explanation for the relationship between body and mind."
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The Atkins Diet vs. the Drug, Xenical, 2004.
This paper is a research proposal to compare the cost effectiveness and adverse effects of the Atkins diet vs.the drug, Xenical.
2,345 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that obesity is a growing problem within the United States and is associated with a myriad of negative health concerns. Among the currently accepted treatments are the Atkins diet regimen and the use of the drug ,Orlistat, also known as Xenical. The author reports that the goal of this study is to provide information concerning the level of health risks, such as depression and hypertension, the financial cost, and the effectiveness of weight loss in comparison between the Atkins diet and the use of Xenical. The paper proposes a study consisting of 200 participants, both male and female, aged 15 through 35; half will follow the Atkins diet guidelines for a minimum of six months, and the other half will be prescribed Xenical.
Table of Contents
Background and Significance
Statement of the Problem
Goal
Objectives
Methodology
Population
Instruments
Statistical Method
From the Paper
"Xenical has been approved for use throughout England and Wales by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence,with strict restrictions and guidelines that include either a body mass index greater than or equal to 28 kg, the pre-existence of a serious illness or have a BMI greater than 30kg. The patient has to show a commitment to lifestyle change by having already lost already lost at least 2.5 kg by dieting and increasing physical activity. The patient must have lost at least 5% of his or her body weight from the start of drug treatment in order to continue treatment. Dr. Ellen L. Sakornbut adds that the drug has a secondary effect, similar to anabuse, where the patient becomes ill if too much fat is ingested. This "negative feedback" experience provides reinforcement toward positive lifestyle changes."
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Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research, 2004.
A look at the debate over qualitative vs. quantitative research methodologies.
1,590 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, when conducting research into human behavior, practitioners have long been attached to quantitative methodologies. It explores how the last two decades of research have increasingly brought into question the ability of researchers to be able to obtain an objective viewpoint and whether or not quantitative research has validity.
Outline
Introduction
Qualitative Research
Quantitative Research
Ethical Considerations
From the Paper
"A qualitative, naturalistic approach is used when observing and interpreting reality. For this reason, this style of is most often used when studying human relations. When measuring people's perceptions of a situation, such as an organization's culture, or in order to understand an organization's behavior, the qualitative research will allow the researcher to guide the research toward unearthing the underlying causes of human behavior in addition to simply measuring the human behavior. This research method is used when the researchers need to / want to develop a theory that will explain what was experienced. For example, a young child may avoid dark rooms as a matter of habit. His behavior may be a simply anxiety avoidance on the part of the child."
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Hospitality Management Education, 2004.
This is a research paper to determine if preparation at a hospitality school or participating in an educational program for hospitality may better prepare students for a first full-time job in the industry.
6,830 words (approx. 27.3 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 154.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the explosive growth in the hospitality industry demands highly-qualified people trained in hospitality management to fill rapidly opening positions. The author points out that the research indicates that attributes are not the key to selecting a career in the hospitality industry. The paper concludes that the "graduate image" was not always accepted as being valuable, and often students felt they had to prove themselves more because they had an education.
Table of Contents
Statement of Objectives
Hypothesis of Study
Scope and Delimitations
Introduction
Background
Methodology
The Study Model
Literature Review
Summary
From the Paper
"Clearly with these companies and many others, certification is becoming a requirement for practice. Maintaining and enhancing the industry's professional certification programs have one central purpose according to Karen Giles, the Vice President responsible for certification programs, "To increase the value of certification so that in turn, certification raises the professionalism of the entire hospitality industry and everyone who works within it. Certification and the standards of competency it brings will help the hospitality industry become recognized as the profession it is. By defining a body of knowledge necessary for each hospitality position, certification gives everyone, from housekeepers to general managers, concrete goals to strive for and a way to benchmark their personal successes.""
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Medication Administration Errors, 2004.
An examination of what nurses perceive as the causative factors contributing to medication administration errors.
1,742 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, too often, health care systems do not take the time necessary to define causative factors for medication administration errors and how, rather, it is more convenient to simply assign blame. It looks at how studies suggest that medication administration errors are on the rise and how far more errors happen than are currently reported. It proposes a study to investigate how health care systems contribute to medication administration errors and to better define exactly what critical factors are most to blame for those errors. It aims to examine the notion that systematic errors are in large part to blame for administration errors, rather than individual errors. It also intends to develop a framework for identifying potential causes for errors, thus supplying nursing care professionals much needed tools to enable them to prevent such errors.
Outline
Introduction
Background of Problem
Significance of the Problem
Problem Statement
Conceptual Framework
Preliminary Literature Review
Method
Research Design
Data Collection Procedure
Ethical Considerations
From the Paper
"In a health care environment, a system may be defined as the following: an integrated delivery system, a centrally owned multi-hospital system, an operating room, an obstetrical unit or an oncology unit (NAP, n.d.: 45). To understand how errors might happen in a system, one must first examine the more far reaching elements of a system. For example, the operating room can be tied to the larger surgical department, which is part of a hospital, which is "part of a larger health care delivery system" (NAP, n.d.:45). This makes the process of identifying an error within the system more challenging, because there are greater areas to examine."
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Fasting before Surgery, 2004.
A research proposal to determine the protocol for fasting before elective surgery.
6,039 words (approx. 24.2 pages), 67 sources, MLA, $ 143.95
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Abstract
This paper examines and analyzes optimal fasting before elective surgery by examining clinical study information to determine if optimal fasting is necessary and, if so, what effect this has had on patient risk and morbidity. Research is obtained from sources and studies that have collected data from observation and surveys, and fieldwork studies are also included. Information is also taken from various specialists in the field of anaesthesiology. The primary objectives of the data-gathering throughout the course of the paper will be to obtain information that can determine if optimal fasting is the best standard to implement, whether there are any correlations between pulmonary aspiration and optimal fasting, and if a new standard should be implemented that lessens fasting time.
Outline
Introduction
Problem Statement
Purpose of Research
Research Objectives
Research Methodology
Research Design
Data Collection
Sample Design
Field Work
Data Analysis
Limitations of Research
Literature Review
Application of Findings
Implementation
Conclusions
Bibliography
Appendices
From the Paper
"During a study conducted in 2002 (Crenshaw & Winslow), surgical patients revealed that they were thirsty and hungry after having fasted for 12-14 hours prior to surgery. However, guidelines issued in 1999 by the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) (www.asahq.org) allow for the consumption of liquids as close as two hours before surgery and a light meal within six hours. Although the authors acknowledge "a well-known lag between the dissemination and implementation of practice guidelines," they maintain that it is up to the nursing staff to be "more assertive" in collaborating with attending clinicians to establish evidence-based preoperative fasting policies (Clinicians Publishing Group, 2002)."
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Qualitative Nursing, 2004.
This paper analyzes the article, "Observation of Pain Assessment and Management: The Complexities of Clinical Practice", by Elizabeth Manis, Mari Botti, and Tracey Bucknall.
1,250 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
In the article, "Observation of Pain Assessment and Management: The Complexities of Clinical Practice," Elizabeth Manis, Mari Botti, and Tracey Bucknall focus their research on the complex issues that nurses face when dealing with pain management and assessment. This paper critiques and analyzes the article, presenting an analysis of the problem, method, sampling, data collection, and conclusions used within the article.
From the Paper
"Manis, Botti and Bucknall (2002) identify that "pain assessment and management are complex issues that embrace physiological, emotional, cognitive, and social dimensions" (p. 724) and because of these complexities it is necessary to investigate nurse-patient relations associated with pain assessment and management in hospitalized, post-surgical settings. Manis et al. recognize that there has been substantial research conducted on post operative pain itself but very little has been conducted in the way of assessment and management of pain."
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The Pharmaceutical Industry, 2004.
This paper is a research proposal to investigate the impact of Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) of two multi-national pharmaceutical companies, Abbott Laboratories and Baxter Corporation, in their U.S., Canadian, and Brazilian markets.
2,365 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper delineates the objectives of the study: (1) To determine the impact of the environment in which the organization operates by using the PESTLE and SWOT (Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunity-Threats) analysis methods;, (2) to present a brief history of the companies and to evaluate the products manufactured and sold; (3) to understand the health care market, the impact of laws and regulations and the role of national and local governments; (4) to perform a Michael Porter's five-force analysis; and (5) to investigate the role of SCP. The author relates that this thesis will be based on a literature review and secondary data collection. The paper stresses that this study will provide useful information to policy and decision makers in the industry.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Proposed Methodology
Reflections and Potential Obstacles
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Competition is very intense in the modern day organization. Companies are increasingly striving to differentiate their products and services in the market in order to gain higher profits and a greater market share. Portfolio management, product life cycle management, decision analysis and risk analysis are becoming some of the strategies that have to be used by managers and executives all over the world. For-profit organizations are investing a lot of money and human resources to help identify variables that can make their organizations competitive in their respective markets. Failure in managing any one variable can result in the overall failure of the organization."
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Video Games and Aggression, 2004.
This paper is a research proposal to test the relations of video games and childhood aggression.
1,490 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that the General Affective Aggression Model (GAAM) is one of the leading theories in the field of aggression, which argues that exposure to violent video games can increase short-term aggression (20 minutes following exposure to a video game) over long periods of time. The author states that the experimental hypothesis is that children who play violent video games are more likely to be more aggressive on the playground. The paper describes a research design with three experimental groups consisting of randomly selected 8 to 10-year-old boys and girls. The experimental group plays a violent video game (e.g., Kung Fu), one control group plays a non-violent video game (e.g., Ms. Pac Man) and another control group will consist of children that did not play a video game.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Proposed Study
Methods and Statistical Analysis
Participation
Design and Procedures
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Certainly, the literature available notes several limitations on this type of study. One important constraint is that this experimental design does not allow researchers to determine the effect of video game violence in a 'real' or 'playful environment. Goldstein notes that voluntary exposure to violent video games may have a different effect than enforced exposure on aggression. In the lab, video games are not entered into in a playful frame of mind, as they are in the 'real' world. However, the need for a controlled, experimental situation in this experiment makes such a distinction difficult."
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