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Insulin Therapy Research, 2008.
A critical review of the article "Intensive Insulin Therapy in Critically Ill Patients" by Van de Berghe et al.
2,454 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the article "Intensive Insulin Therapy in Critically Ill Patients" wherein a group of critically ill patients were randomly assigned to two treatment groups to determine if normal blood glucose levels would improve the prognosis by use of insulin therapy. The paper focuses on the research's substantive qualities, design qualities and quality of presentation and writing. The paper includes the article as an appendix to the paper.
Outline:
Introduction
Substantive Qualities
Study Design Qualities
From the Paper
"Fairly critiquing an investigator's research endeavor is a task that must be taken seriously. Although it is quite easy to have an opinion of another's research it is something quite different to be able to evaluate the research activity in terms of topic specificity and soundness, intent or purpose, data analysis, and informational importance. When embarking upon a critical analysis of another's work the reviewer must, at all times, adhere to the basic principle of prudent evaluation; namely, evaluating the structure of the research upon which scientific conclusion are drawn."
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Qualitative Research, 2008.
A review and comparison of the various qualitative methods of research and their mode of application.
1,196 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper defines "qualitative research" and states that qualitative research methods were developed in the social sciences to enable researchers to study social and cultural phenomena. The paper gives examples of qualitative methods and states that the data is usually obtained via interviews and questionnaires etc. The paper explains the differences between qualitative analysis and quantitative inquiry and does a comparison between them. The paper concludes that the varying methods of research have differing degrees of viability and value for the researcher.
From the Paper
" A qualitative method that is more concerned with the larger context is the ethnographic method. This method attempts to view the individual within the context of the whole social and cultural environment. Ethnography research initially originated from social and cultural anthropology. Ethnographers usually spend a great amount of time in the field and "... immerse themselves in the lives of the people they study and seek to place the phenomena studied in their social and cultural context" (Myers M. D.). Ethnography is also described as a method of qualitative analysis "... whereby multiple perspectives can be incorporated..." into the design of any analysis. (Myers M. D.) In essence this method begins with the study of culture rather than the individual."
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Extinction, 2008.
An examination of extinction and its relation to the total ecosystem.
1,674 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses that fact that the ability of a species to survive the extinction of another, depends on its ability to adapt. The paper continues and states that omnivores fair better than those with a limited range of food because if a single food source disappears from the environment, it can more easily find another suitable food source. More highly specialized members of the ecosystem will not be able to substitute food as those that can eat a variety of food. The paper details that the extinction of a single food species will quickly follow the elimination of their major food source. The paper supports the thesis that non-random species loss will have a more devastating effect on the community and than random species loss.
Outline:
Research Methods and Extinction
The Example of Plants and Avian Species
Conclusions
From the Paper
" In order to understand the extent and severity of the current crisis that we are facing regarding the rapid decline in bird species, we must look to past extinction events. Geochemical analysis is often used in conjunction with paleontological data in order to examine past extinctions more closely (Martin, 2007). Fossil evidence analyzed in this manner demonstrates that increasing oxygen levels increases the number of species as well. As oxygen levels decrease, the number of species in the fossil record decreases as well."
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Research Methods and Statistics, 2008.
A review of methods of gaining insights into how to better serve students with counseling services.
4,181 words (approx. 16.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 111.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses a study to define both the qualitative and quantitative statistical methodologies including the development of descriptive and inferential statistics applied to the field of education overall and school counseling. Each of the qualitative and quantitative approaches to statistics are analyzed from the perspective of how best they can be applied to educational and counseling situations, to best support and serve the student. The specifics of how to apply these techniques within the context of a methodological approach to completing research projects is also evaluated. Specifically focusing on the steps of research design, data collection, data analysis, and the ethics of the interpretation of research are also discussed.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Exploring Qualitative Research Methods in Education and Counseling
Exploring Quantitative Research Methods in Education and Counseling
Ethics in Research
Summary and Conclusions
From the Paper
"Qualitative research, both from a social science as well as a business standpoint is broadly considered to be research completed through non-quantifiable means. As a result, non-quantifiable research relies on approaches and methodologies that focus on observation, interpretation and analysis, and often as a result discover entirely new relationships and causal relationships in subjects and data not seen before. Strauss and Corbin have defined qualitative research as "any kind of research that produces findings not arrived at by means of statistical procedures or other means of quantification" (1990, page 17) and as a result generates an entirely different knowledge base for any field of research of academic inquiry than does quantitative research."
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"Assessment of Dependency Levels of Older People", 2008.
A review of the purpose, method and conclusions of G. Byrne, A. Brady, P. Horan, C. Macgregor, and C. Begley's article, "Assessment of Dependency Levels of Older People in the Community and Measurement of Nursing Workload."
3,040 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper critiques G. Byrne, A. Brady, P. Horan, C. Macgregor, and C. Begley's article, "Assessment of Dependency Levels of Older People in the Community and Measurement of Nursing Workload." It discusses the background of the authors, analyzes the purpose of the study and describes the methods that were used. Lastly, the paper discusses the researcher's conclusions.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Problem/Purpose
Literature Review
Study Framework or Theoretical Perspective
Objectives, Questions or Hypotheses
List Attribute/Demographic Variables
Sample Setting
Research Design
Measurement Methods and Tools
Procedures
Statistical Analysis
Describe the Researcher's Interpretation of the Findings
Describe the Researcher's Generalization of the Findings
Identify the Implications of the Findings for Nursing
List the Researcher's Suggestions for Further Studies
From the Paper
"This study quantified the amount of home care input provided to older people living at home. It also differentiated the input provided by PHNs, home helps, and healthcare assistants. The study identified the Nursing Assessment had the highest level of client need among the older patients, while Physical Care Requirements was the least needed by the older clients. The highest mean score for level of need was for Case Management. Other low needs were Environmental Factors, indicating that they felt safe in their living situations."
"This study identified that PHNs allocate a majority of their time to home visits. It also identified that PHNs play a multitude of roles in providing home care for the elderly. The PHN does not only play the role of a liason for general practitioners, but the PHNs also involved themselves in social work activities as needed by older clients. There were cases when older clients did not avail of other community services such as accepting meals on wheels, refuse day care center services, or refuse panic button and safety locks, because of the stigma that accompanied this service. This entailed that the PHN had to monitor these older clients more frequently."
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"Assessment of Dependency Levels of Older People", 2008.
A review of the purpose, method and conclusions of G. Byrne, A. Brady, P. Horan, C. Macgregor, and C. Begley's article, "Assessment of Dependency Levels of Older People in the Community and Measurement of Nursing Workload."
3,040 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 89.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper critiques G. Byrne, A. Brady, P. Horan, C. Macgregor, and C. Begley's article, "Assessment of Dependency Levels of Older People in the Community and Measurement of Nursing Workload." It discusses the background of the authors, analyzes the purpose of the study and describes the methods that were used. Lastly, the paper discusses the researcher's conclusions.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Problem/Purpose
Literature Review
Study Framework or Theoretical Perspective
Objectives, Questions or Hypotheses
List Attribute/Demographic Variables
Sample Setting
Research Design
Measurement Methods and Tools
Procedures
Statistical Analysis
Describe the Researcher's Interpretation of the Findings
Describe the Researcher's Generalization of the Findings
Identify the Implications of the Findings for Nursing
List the Researcher's Suggestions for Further Studies
From the Paper
"This study quantified the amount of home care input provided to older people living at home. It also differentiated the input provided by PHNs, home helps, and healthcare assistants. The study identified the Nursing Assessment had the highest level of client need among the older patients, while Physical Care Requirements was the least needed by the older clients. The highest mean score for level of need was for Case Management. Other low needs were Environmental Factors, indicating that they felt safe in their living situations."
"This study identified that PHNs allocate a majority of their time to home visits. It also identified that PHNs play a multitude of roles in providing home care for the elderly. The PHN does not only play the role of a liason for general practitioners, but the PHNs also involved themselves in social work activities as needed by older clients. There were cases when older clients did not avail of other community services such as accepting meals on wheels, refuse day care center services, or refuse panic button and safety locks, because of the stigma that accompanied this service. This entailed that the PHN had to monitor these older clients more frequently."
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"Assessment of Dependency Levels of Older People", 2008.
A review of the purpose, method and conclusions of G. Byrne, A. Brady, P. Horan, C. Macgregor, and C. Begley's article, "Assessment of Dependency Levels of Older People in the Community and Measurement of Nursing Workload."
3,040 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 89.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper critiques G. Byrne, A. Brady, P. Horan, C. Macgregor, and C. Begley's article, "Assessment of Dependency Levels of Older People in the Community and Measurement of Nursing Workload." It discusses the background of the authors, analyzes the purpose of the study and describes the methods that were used. Lastly, the paper discusses the researcher's conclusions.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Problem/Purpose
Literature Review
Study Framework or Theoretical Perspective
Objectives, Questions or Hypotheses
List Attribute/Demographic Variables
Sample Setting
Research Design
Measurement Methods and Tools
Procedures
Statistical Analysis
Describe the Researcher's Interpretation of the Findings
Describe the Researcher's Generalization of the Findings
Identify the Implications of the Findings for Nursing
List the Researcher's Suggestions for Further Studies
From the Paper
"This study quantified the amount of home care input provided to older people living at home. It also differentiated the input provided by PHNs, home helps, and healthcare assistants. The study identified the Nursing Assessment had the highest level of client need among the older patients, while Physical Care Requirements was the least needed by the older clients. The highest mean score for level of need was for Case Management. Other low needs were Environmental Factors, indicating that they felt safe in their living situations."
"This study identified that PHNs allocate a majority of their time to home visits. It also identified that PHNs play a multitude of roles in providing home care for the elderly. The PHN does not only play the role of a liason for general practitioners, but the PHNs also involved themselves in social work activities as needed by older clients. There were cases when older clients did not avail of other community services such as accepting meals on wheels, refuse day care center services, or refuse panic button and safety locks, because of the stigma that accompanied this service. This entailed that the PHN had to monitor these older clients more frequently."
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"Assessment of Dependency Levels of Older People", 2008.
A review of the purpose, method and conclusions of G. Byrne, A. Brady, P. Horan, C. Macgregor, and C. Begley's article, "Assessment of Dependency Levels of Older People in the Community and Measurement of Nursing Workload."
3,040 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 89.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper critiques G. Byrne, A. Brady, P. Horan, C. Macgregor, and C. Begley's article, "Assessment of Dependency Levels of Older People in the Community and Measurement of Nursing Workload." It discusses the background of the authors, analyzes the purpose of the study and describes the methods that were used. Lastly, the paper discusses the researcher's conclusions.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Problem/Purpose
Literature Review
Study Framework or Theoretical Perspective
Objectives, Questions or Hypotheses
List Attribute/Demographic Variables
Sample Setting
Research Design
Measurement Methods and Tools
Procedures
Statistical Analysis
Describe the Researcher's Interpretation of the Findings
Describe the Researcher's Generalization of the Findings
Identify the Implications of the Findings for Nursing
List the Researcher's Suggestions for Further Studies
From the Paper
"This study quantified the amount of home care input provided to older people living at home. It also differentiated the input provided by PHNs, home helps, and healthcare assistants. The study identified the Nursing Assessment had the highest level of client need among the older patients, while Physical Care Requirements was the least needed by the older clients. The highest mean score for level of need was for Case Management. Other low needs were Environmental Factors, indicating that they felt safe in their living situations."
"This study identified that PHNs allocate a majority of their time to home visits. It also identified that PHNs play a multitude of roles in providing home care for the elderly. The PHN does not only play the role of a liason for general practitioners, but the PHNs also involved themselves in social work activities as needed by older clients. There were cases when older clients did not avail of other community services such as accepting meals on wheels, refuse day care center services, or refuse panic button and safety locks, because of the stigma that accompanied this service. This entailed that the PHN had to monitor these older clients more frequently."
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Caffeine and Short Term Memory, 2008.
A discussion on caffeine and short-term memory.
2,788 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This study discusses the question of whether caffeine actually does stimulate the nervous system in such as way that it improves short-term memory. More specifically, the study supports the hypothesis that a group of male students who drank caffeinated coffee prior to taking a short-term memory test will perform better in terms of accuracy and speed than a group of male students that drank decaffeinated coffee before the test. The focus of the study is on a single research question: "Does caffeine improve the short term memory in male college students?" The paper concludes with an evaluation of the efficacy of the study, noting that, from the results obtained in the study, one cannot determine that caffeine improves short-term memory.
Outline:
Introduction
Understanding Memory
Significance of Study
Hypothesis and Research Questions
Literature Review
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Memory refers to the way in which humans store information for retrieval at a later time. Memory is the key to learning. Memory begins with a stimulus that is received through the five senses. The brain receives the message and sorts the data according to similarities and differences to other information that it already has in storage. It categorizes the information and places it in a location so that the information can be retrieved at a later date.
"We have several types of memory, one is short-term memory and the other is long-term memory. Short-term memory might only last for a few minutes. A piece of information must enter short-term memory before it can enter long-term memory (Singleton, 2006). Working memory acts as the central processing hub for short-term memory. A stimulus might involve several types of information coming in. Working memory collects them and integrates them so that they can be forwarded to the proper locations in the brain. One example of working memory might be when a person smells smoke, feels heat, and hears a crackling noise. These pieces of information all come from different sensory organs. The working memory integrates them and sends them to the area of the brain where they will be interpreted (Singleton, 2006). These pieces of information might not mean danger when taken individually, but taken together; they will most likely be interpreted as danger."
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Cartographic Communication, 2008.
A review of the early maps of the Americas as tools for communication and cultural understanding.
2,219 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and analyzes the early maps of the Americas, the men who created them, the institutions that produced and promoted them based on data and rough maps brought back to Europe by explorers, and the purposes - especially their communicative capabilities - they served in terms of the development of colonial properties for Spain, England, and Portugal among other European nations.
Outline:
Thesis Statement
Introduction: Incomplete Communication in Some Maps
Literature Review: History of Maps and the Age of Discovery
From the Paper
"Certainly the leaders in Portugal and Spain, among the most active early exploring nations, had volumes of logs, notes, journals and other historical records of discoveries made by their intrepid sailors. But, according to Monica L. Smith, writing in Annals of the Association of American Geographers (Smith, 2005), "...the visual stimulus of a map may be more powerful than the scholarly text that accompanies it." Smith explains. Indeed, by providing a visual image "the map gives another dimension to the image it represents," Smith states in her article, "and restricts, or even overtakes, the freedom of its reader to create an image of his own." There are implications of "linguistics" within the creation of a map, Smith asserts, through the process of the cartographer's "consciously created and manipulated" images. But Smith, a professor of anthropology at UCLA, believes while ancient maps do communicate dimensions that are extremely useful to historians, "the understanding of maps as interpretive documents" has had little or no affect on portrayals of the "premodern past." That is due to the fact that scholarly illustrations of historic lands and cultures "tend to be of the absolutist variety." Smith believes the use of maps in textbooks too often communicate a narrow and shallow picture of early cultural groups. One map in a text "implies that a state or empire was always growing toward its eventual borders in a kind of long-term manifest destiny."
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Love as Caring Support, 2008.
A literature review and research proposal to study love, defined as caring support.
5,285 words (approx. 21.1 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 131.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the implicit factors in determining whether a love relationship defined as caring support will last. The author emphasizes the research by R.J. Sternberg, which divides love into three subcategories of intimacy, passion and commitment. The paper proposes a research study, which is based on the reported literature review and uses a methodology of interviewing students by means of questionnaires. This research will evaluate if there have been changes noted in the intensity, passion or commitment of the subjects' love toward another persons or of the love shown to them by their partners. If there have been changes, the author seeks to identify and analyze the factors causing these changes.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Study by Berg and McQuinn
Study by Jones, Mirenberg, Pelham and Carvallo
Study by Sternberg
Lasting Love
The Biology of Love
Study by Haselton and Buss
Continuing Love
Participants in Study
Materials
Procedure
From the Paper
"The authors concluded that people's feelings, judgments and behaviors are influenced very much by unconscious processes (as Banaji & Greenwald found in 1995, Bargh, Chen and Burroughs found in 1996, and Bargh and Furguson found in 2000) in laboratory experiments. Even though these suggestions appear to influence human behavior in lab experiments, this study by Jones and his associates brings forth substantial evidence that people choose not only where they live and what they eat, but who their life-long partner will be, based on implicit social cognition influences."
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Research Methods and Statistics, 2008.
A discussion on research methods and analysis processes.
3,731 words (approx. 14.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses common and available research methods in relation to school counseling. The objective of this report is to underline and determine the analysis process of such applications within the literature and writings as contained within the category of school counseling.
Outline:
Introduction
Abstract
Common Research Terms
Survey Research Terms Provided by Readex Research
Glossary of Statistical Terms
From the Paper
"School counseling falls into a very broadly encompassing section of counseling altogether. The notions correlated to counseling are often most inclined by statistically and previously proven methods of conducting the specific counseling type. As such methods incorporate a degree of opinion or preference, it is important to question and dissect the reliability of any conceptualized literature pertaining to counseling in order to verify its validity.
"Dissecting any literature and writing pries into the methods of research used by the author, and also by the reader in their process of verifying the information provided. The objective of this report is to underline and determine the analysis process of such applications within the literature and writings as contained within the category of school counseling."
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Foster-Parent/Caregiver-Child Relationship Attachment, 2008.
A research proposal to study the design and development of effective intervention programs to encourage foster-parent/caregiver and child relationship attachment.
4,790 words (approx. 19.2 pages), 20 sources, APA, $ 122.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the objective of this research proposal is to design a research initiative to apply the attachment theory foster-parent/caregiver and child relationships through means of an observational study or survey/questionnaire. The author seeks to understand why the attachment between the parent/caregiver/foster parent and the child is so important to the development of the child as presented in attachment theory. The paper presents a literature review, which supports these findings and highlights the significance of activities of continuity of the child in foster care.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Background of the Study
Statement of Problem
Purpose of the Study
Rationale
Research Questions
Limitations
Definitions of Terms
Organization of the Remainder of the Study
Literature Review
Findings
Recommendations for Research
Methodology
Research Design
Instrumentation and Data Collection/Analysis
Population/Sample for Data
From the Paper
"Caltabiano and Thorpe relate that in order to understand these attachment models from the adult relationship perspective research has relied on interviews or self-reporting methods to learn in this area. The 'Adult Attachment Interview' was reported in the work of George, Kaplan & Main (1984) in research that conducted an in-depth exploration into the nature of the adult individual's childhood relationships to their caregiver. Another method utilized in this are of study is the self-report instrument known as the 'Attachment Style Questionnaire' (ASQ) as noted in the work of Feeney, Noller & Harahan (1994)."
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IT Surveillance in the Workplace, 2008.
A research paper examining the argument that surveillance results in negative impacts to both the quality and quantity of work of employees who are under electronic surveillance.
17,236 words (approx. 68.9 pages), 153 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This research paper attempts to ascertain whether the pervasive workplace monitoring in today's businesses and organizations is effective in nature and whether this pervasive monitoring of employees is really needed and furthermore the ultimate driver of this surveillance. It concludes that findings have shown that stress, high tension, headaches and extreme anxiety as well as depression, anger, severe fatigue and musculoskeletal problems are derivatives of the impact of electronic surveillance in the workplace. While employers do have the right to conduct monitoring in the workplace and this certainly has been the case in historically and traditionally, there are considerations of the employer and laws and regulations that are necessary to ascertain information on the part of the manager in order to be in compliance on the part of the organization.
Outline:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Significance of the Study
Methodology
Literature Review
Summary of the Literature Review
Findings of the Study
Recommendations
From the Paper
"The work of Patrick W. Schmitz entitled: "Workplace Surveillance, Privacy Protection, and Efficiency Wages" published in the Labor Economics journal (2004) states that workplace surveillance technology is infiltrating the employee's daily environment. It has been estimated that in the United States more than twenty million workers were subject to electronic monitoring in 1993 that companies spent more than $1 billion on monitoring software in 1996, and that by now 80 percent of US corporations keep their employees under regular surveillance." This is stated to be accomplished through the use of "...video cameras, telephone taping devices, and computer monitoring systems." (Schmitz, 2004) This is not all, in addition, email and voice communication may be archived and searched as well as can keystrokes and it is even possible for employers to "track the amount of time employees spend away from their computers." "
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The National Writing Project, 2008.
A study proposal to look at the history of the National Writing Project and its implications for today's classrooms.
6,010 words (approx. 24.0 pages), 38 sources, MLA, $ 142.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the early history of the National Writing Project (pre 1974-1984) within a historical framework of educational reform and theory articulated by participants in the Project's first years. It investigates how a small group of innovative educators spanning all levels of education came together across curriculum barriers, across theoretical stances, and individual practices to focus on a new approach to classroom writing and teaching. It also explores the historical education background that led to this innovation, eventually named the National Writing Project, that started as a local (The Bay Area of California) response to problems in the American educational system.
Outline
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Research Study Methods
Qualitative/Quantitative Mixed Approach
Participants
Literature Review
Significance of the Research
Proposed Chapters
Bibliography
Appendix A: Informed Consent Letter
Appendix B: Interview Questions
Appendix C: Questionnaire
From the Paper
"Gray and his colleagues felt a need for change due to dismal testing scores for entering students at the college level. They turned from the existing theoretical educational background of Piaget and Skinner through a collaborative effort to offer, "teachers a program unlike any other they had experienced. The BAWP [Bay Area Writing Project] vision, conceived by a small group of classroom teachers, faculty and administrators at UC Berkeley, moved to improve writing in the schools by creating a new model for continuing education, one that recognized the expertise, knowledge and leadership potential of classroom teachers" (Gray and Sterling 1). They were prodded to action by the failure of the profession to understand that writing is fundamental to learning. New teachers were trained to teach reading but not writing. No teacher training courses offered a course in the teaching of writing in any university in the country. "
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