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Methodology: Managing Diversity, 2007.
This paper examines the different approaches of the qualitative and quantitative research methods.
3,850 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 20 sources, APA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer discusses that within the field of research there are multiple approaches to gathering primary data. It is noted that an ongoing debate exists with respect to the validity and usefulness of qualitative approaches vs. data gathered from quantitative approaches. This paper analyzes and weighs the particular merits and demerits of both forms of review, so the researcher may conclude whether qualitative or quantitative approaches are best suited toward analyzing phenomena related to diversity in the workplace and global organization or environment. The researcher in this study provides information that can be agreed on and generalized to some extent to the population at large. The writer implies that while initially this might suggest use of quantitative approaches, more and more researchers are discovering that qualitative approaches are equally valid for providing information that is generalized to the population.
Outline
Methodology: Managing Diversity
Quantitative Vs. Qualitative Analysis
Triangulation Research Method/Pros Cons/Usefulness in Area
Managing Diversity: Survey Instrument and Research Design
Data Analysis and Interpretation
Implications of Study
Anticipated Results
References
From the Paper
"Both qualitative and quantitative research methods are grounded in philosophy, including naturalistic and positive approaches to theory. It is important that the researcher determine the focus and intent of the study prior to selecting a research methodology. If the intent of the researcher for example is to assume a given phenomena is valid or make a hypothesis and then test that hypothesis, then likely a quantitative research method is best as the intent of quantitative approaches is to determine specific cause and effect relationships among various variables."
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Educational Research, 2007.
An analysis and comparison of three approaches to educational research.
3,495 words (approx. 14.0 pages), 23 sources, MLA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the varying opinions of the most effective methodology for educational research. The paper defines and compares the qualitative and the quantitative methodology approaches and then discusses a newer, third approach to educational research; that of triangulation or mixed methodology, where both qualitative and quantitative research is used. The paper discusses the advantages of each approach and the controversy surrounding them.
From the Paper
"Cohen and Manion (ibid) say that triangulation techniques are appropriate when a more holistic view of educational outcomes is desired. For example, if a researcher conducts a large-scale study of inner-city schools over a period of several years with a number of different measurements and variables. Triangulations also play an important role when a complicated phenomenon requires explanation, such as a study of formal and informal classrooms with varying philosophies and objectives. This multimethod approach is helpful in addition when different methods of teaching are to be compared and evaluated, when a controversial aspect of education needs to be more fully evaluated, or in the situation of case studies."
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Media and Adolescent Viewers, 2006.
A research proposal of the effects of the media on adolescent viewers.
999 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This research study analyzes the effects of media on adolescent viewers. In particular the research attempts to determine what, if any, forms of censorship may be necessary to limit adolescent access to overtly violent or sexual media images. It also discusses what psychological and physical effects such images have on adolescent viewers, both in the short term and the long term.
Table of Contents:
Synopsis
Research Goals & Methods
Discussion
Overview of Major Issues
Literature and Historical Evidence
Sexual Harassment and Media
Violence and Media
Mass Media and Sexuality
Summary of Report
From the Paper
"Cognitive social learning theory suggests that adolescents viewing negative, violent or overtly sexual behaviors in the media will mimic them when other more appropriate models are not available (Brown, 2002). Modeling also occurs when the model "is perceived as attractive" or when serving some functional values (Brown, 2002). If children are spending so much time in front of mass media images it is likely they will begin to form their own conclusions about what is and what is not appropriate."
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Requirements Engineering, 2006.
A discussion on the use of requirements engineering to help grasp requirements in the analysis phase of the software development life cycle.
1,593 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses success of a project as very much dependant on the accurate, unambiguous and a well-developed requirements specification. The paper goes on to describe requirements engineering's role in assisting the software developer to grasp requirements within software development without room for any ambiguity.
Table of Contents:
Thesis
Introduction
Requirements Engineering
Elicitation
Elicitation Techniques (Interviewing, Workshops, Prototypes)
Requirements Analysis
Requirements Analysis Tools
Documentation
Validation and Approval
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Sometimes prototyping is also used as an important requirements elicitation tool. This is more so in cases where the requirements are ambiguous, making the feedback from users as an important input before proceeding with the actual project development and implementation. Prototypes, typically, have only a portion of the functionality of the system. However, they are very effective in uncovering hidden user requirements. Experts opine that prototyping, being a model of the proposed system, eliminates the problems with the 'Yes but' syndrome as it clearly shows the user what the developed system would do for them. Prototypes are "a partial implementation of a software system, built to help developers, users, and customers better understand the requirements of the system" [Leffingwell, 149]"
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Walking Experiment, 2005.
This paper is a complete simple experiment measuring the relative physical intensity rates related to stride requirements for level and inclined planes.
1,185 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper is a report of a simple experiment to familiarize the student with the process of doing and reporting research. The author reports that the procedure for the study, using twelve volunteer subjects ranging in age from 18 years to 24 years, consists of walking experiments on a sidewalk situated on a mild 15-degree hill and a treadmill set at a comparably difficult pace, with measurement by a pedometer. The paper reports that the results of the study did confirm the hypothesis that walking uphill on an inclined sidewalk would require approximately the same amount of time within a statistically significant measure as walking on comparably set treadmills situated indoors. Many tables and graphs included. Includes a Power Point presentation of the study.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Procedure
Results
Sidewalk
Treadmill
Correlations: Pearson 2-tailed
Conclusion
Appendix A: Sample Worksheet for Field Data Collection
Appendix B: Power-Point Presentation
From the Paper
"The stopwatch was also stopped at this point by the researcher and the time required to take this many steps recorded on a worksheet by the researcher who was present and observing the experiments (a sample copy of such a worksheet is attached at Appendix A). In the event of inclement weather such as rain, snow or other elements that would impede the sidewalk field experiment, the walk should be postponed to another day with better weather; furthermore, attacks by stray dogs, interference by bystanders or other pedestrians or acts of God will invalidate any given subject's walk, which would then have to be repeated to ensure the reliability of the results. "
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Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT), 2006.
This paper is a research proposal to explore the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on post menopausal quality of life.
1,975 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that psychological and psychosocial disturbances can reduce the quality of life experienced by post menopausal women; therefore, it is vital that researchers concentrate their efforts on uncovering plausible and effective therapies to improve the mental health and well being of patients during their menopausal and post menopausal years. The author points out that, while the physical side effects and psychosocial side effects of menopause itself have been well studied, relatively little literature exists regarding the mental health and well being of women in the post menopausal phase of life. The paper explains that the longitudinal design of this study will enable the researcher to collect data on the defined variables over time in order to assess the causal relationship that exists between HRT therapy and the quality of life reported by women participating in the study.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Purpose of Study
Background to the Problem
Objectives of Study
Significance of Study
Method
Research Design
Procedure
Data Analysis
Predicted Results
Discussion
From the Paper
"In conducting the study, the researcher will undoubtedly run into some obstacles including determining how to measure change in the participants' health and well being, examining the extent of change and the attributes of change for purposes of the study. Measuring change is a key concept vital to longitudinal research design. As this study is qualitative in nature, the data will be presented via narratives, observations and transcripts from the survey to record and measure data appropriately."
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Anorexia Nervosa, 2005.
This paper is a research proposal to examine the relationship between male adolescent anorexics and obsessive-compulsivity.
1,825 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although little research is available about the male anorexic, overall the disorder is likely a result of bio-psycho-social factors and encouraged by society wherein appearance is a worthy individual trait. The author points out that the proposed study will use a non-random sample of a minimum of 30 previously diagnosed anorexic male adolescents between the ages of 15 and 18 who will be administered the "Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale" to determine the existing level of each participant's obsessive-compulsive behavior. The paper reports that a multivariate correlation is the appropriate statistical tool for the proposed study because by, using a multivariate correlation, the investigator will be able to maximize the efficiency of the prediction in terms of the relationship between and among the two dependent variables and the four sub-dependent variables.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Definition of Terms
Research Methodology
Participants
Measurement Instrument
Procedure and Analysis
Summary
From the Paper
"Secondary level testable null hypothesis will include an analysis of the data to establish possible correlations between obsessive-compulsiveness and the socio-economic class, grade level, birth order, and family status (divorce vs. intact) of male adolescent anorexics. Research findings as to the existence or non-existence of a relationship between adolescent male anorexics and obsessive-compulsivity will provide valuable information for a clinical area that has, to date, little scientific data. As such the null hypothesis will be that no statistically significant correlation, at the .05 probability level, exists between and amongst the variables of grade level, birth order, socio-economic class, and family status with respect to the obsessive-compulsiveness of male adolescents who are anorexic."
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Methicillin Resistant Staph Aureus (MRSA), 2006.
This paper is a complete research project to determine the rate of methicillin resistant staph aureus (MRSA) in the radiology department and the procedures most likely to be linked to its transmission to patients.
3,885 words (approx. 15.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This study hypothesizes that patients are more likely to become exposed to methicillin resistant staph aureus (MRSA) in the radiology department via multi-use items, such as ultrasound probes using trans-dermal gel. The author reports that twelve bacterial isolates were recovered from ultrasound probes after typical cleaning procedures were used; however, no significant bacterial isolate was found on the endoscopes used for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The paper concludes that the risk of MRSA contamination in patients is higher in radiological procedures, which use multiple use probes cleaned only with local measures, rather than endoscopes, which undergo a rigorous timed and chemical disinfection process.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Hypothesis
Literature Review
Methodology
Methods and Procedures
Evaluation
Ethical Considerations
Dissemination
Budget
Human Subjects
Results
Conclusion
Discussion
Importance
Recommendations
From the Paper
"One interesting study reviewed the use of maggots in the treatment of MRSA. While not specifically germane to the subject at hand, it will show what a significant problem this health care issue has become. In this study, it was felt that it was important to discover alternatives to antibiotic resistant wounds in which no other form of treatment appeared to suffice. The goal of the study was to find a way to combat wounds and promote a healing. Ultimately it was felt that maggot therapy has been seen to act on MRSA in wounds and constitutes another area in need of study, with greater emphasis on evidence based practice."
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Customer Satisfaction in the Chinese Realty Market, 2006.
A research proposal on the levels of customer satisfaction in the realty markets in China.
3,394 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 43 sources, MLA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a thorough review of current literature on the topic of the realty market in China. The literature examines trends in today's market and focuses on the issue of customer satisfaction. Following the literature review, the paper presents a proposed methodology for further study of the topic.
From the Paper
"It would appear, from work done by Pelham that there is no reason to attempt to achieve customer satisfaction in any industry except to create significant company performance improvement. He constructs this by noting that results indicate that, "compared to strategy selection, firm size, or industry characteristics, market orientation has the strongest positive relationship with measures of performance. The most influential market orientation elements are fast response to negative customer satisfaction information, strategies based on creating value for customers, immediate response to competitive challenges, and fast detection of changes in customer product preferences" (2000, p. 48). He attempts, also, to removed the idea from that academic sphere that firms should "embrace the philosophy of the marketing concept, which holds that customer needs should drive the firm's decisions" (Pelham, 2000, p. 48) and move it into practice, particularly in small and medium-sized firms; arguably, these constitute a great many of the realty firms in China at this nascent period of Chinese commercial and private residential real estate. Indeed, Pelham's work echoes Levitt's (1960) that noted that firms that adopt this philosophy and convert it into action will see superior performance."
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Cardiac Therapy Adherence, 2005.
This paper reviews the qualitative research method used by K.K. Baird and L.L. Pierce as reported in their article 'Adherence to Cardiac Therapy for Men with Coronary Artery Disease' in "Rehabilitation Nursing".
1,745 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the purpose of the reviewed study was to find out why these men with coronary artery disease were not taking care of themselves so that new and better ways can be found for these people. The author reports that the qualitative method consisted of one hour interviews with five informants that were involved in a cardiac therapy program. The paper states that the qualitative method is far more appropriate for this type of study than the quantitative method would have been and the researchers used bracketing to shield the data that they collected and analyzed from their own preconceived ideas, which could have greatly affected the results of the study; however, one possible limitations is that the study sample was not large enough.
From the Paper
"The way that the subjects for this study were obtained was very appropriate, since they were all older men between 60 and 70 years old that were involved in a cardiac therapy program as a result of CAD. They had all been diagnosed within the past two years, and they were willing participants. The sample size was also adequate. Although the study could have certainly been conducted with more individuals, the fact that there were only five patients interviewed allowed the researchers to have a lot of time with each person. This helped the patients feel that they could actually talk about what they needed and wanted, as well as what they had difficulty with."
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Statistics Anxiety, 2006.
A research paper on how statistics anxiety affects graduate students in the social sciences.
2,790 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 45 sources, APA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
Statistics anxiety has been defined simply as anxiety that occurs as a result of encountering statistics in any form and at any level. The paper shows that higher anxiety in statistics keep many students away from engaging in research work to pursue an academic career. Statistics becomes one of the most anxiety-inducing courses in their programs of study. The paper examines the problem and shows how it affects students.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Empirical Research on Statistical Anxiety
Three Common Factors of Statistical Anxiety
Framework/Model to Reduce Statistical Anxiety in Counselor Education
Conclusion
Impact/Benefits for Students Seeking Ph.D.
From the Paper
"A variety of peer learning environment designs to support effective collaborative learning has been attempted or proposed. The backbone of collaborative learning is the willingness of the peers to participate in collaboration in a constructive sense. This has been studied by a number of educational psychology researchers [Madden & Slavin1983,Slavin1978] who confirm that the peers in collaborating classes felt that their peers wanted them to learn. Slavin [Slavin1990] reports studies that confirm the willingness of peers to make the collaborative learning efforts succeed and the improvement in social status of the peers who achieved better than other peers."
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Entrepreneurship, 2006.
This paper is a research proposal to study the relationship of entrepreneurship to organizational behavior.
2,115 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the main theory behind this research is the belief that entrepreneurs do act differently from standard employees and that these entrepreneurs may either help or hinder their businesses based on the actions that they take. The author points out that, within the literature on management and organizations, there is a growing consensus that entrepreneurship has a very significant effect on an organization because innovation and invention, which are related to organizational productivity, are linked very strongly to entrepreneurship. The paper reports that research will be quantitative, using scaled questionnaires, which will involve entrepreneurs from both large and small companies.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Justification for Research Topic
Aims and Objectives
Aims
Objectives
Theories and Concepts
Review of Related Literature
Methodology
Research Approach and Methods
Setting or Context for the Research
Explanation and Justification of Research Methods
Accessibility of the Data
Interpretation and Analysis of the Data
Tentative Timeline for Research Completion
From the Paper
"Because the relationship between the performance of the organization and the entrepreneurship issue is so important, it has not been limited strictly to the private sector but has also been discussed within the context of education. Academic entrepreneurship is generally designed to increase the institutional or individual profit, prestige, or influence through developing and then marketing various research ideas or products that were based on that research. Generally, universities are not seen as being leaders when it comes to entrepreneurship. Individual attitudes and characteristics are often emphasized by organizational psychologists as being a strong source of entrepreneurship."
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Rehabilitation of Non-Violent Ex-Offenders, 2006.
An analysis of critical success factors for a reform and rehabilitation program to support non-violent ex-offenders.
6,135 words (approx. 24.5 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 144.95
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Abstract
This study focuses on the potential benefits of a rehabilitation and support program for non-violent ex-offenders in the community. The intent of the research is to gain insight regarding the critical elements necessary for a rehabilitation program to succeed and help reduce rates of recidivism in the community. After conducting an extensive preliminary literature review, the paper shows multiple critical success factors for a successful ex-offender support program. In addition to the literature review, the researcher proposes further investigation and field research that examine inmates' views and opinions regarding the potential benefits of a rehabilitation program for nonviolent ex-offenders.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Problem and Objectives
Background Of The Problem
Significance of the Study
Preliminary Literature Review
Ex-Offenders Problems
Programs In Other Countries
Opinions On Programs To Aid Ex Offenders
Benefits Of Rehabilitation
Programs That Work
Social Support For Ex-Offenders
Summary of the Research
Methods
Results
Limitations Of Study
Conclusions
References
From the Paper
"Every year more than 600,000 people are released from prison, and this number continually grows (Petersilia, 2005). Studies suggest that up to 93 percent of inmates are released at some point in time (Petersilia, 2005). The needs of ex-offenders continue to grow as fewer and fewer rehabilitation programs exist to house and enable ex-offenders to gain meaningful employment. Reentry programs are vital to the success of ex-offenders and may substantially impact rates of recidivism among ex-offenders (Petersilia, 2005)."
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Self-Esteem and Body Image, 2005.
This paper is a complete research project including an extensive bibliography, studying the relationship of body image and self-esteem of girls and boys, ages 9 and 10, from Glasgow, England.
7,685 words (approx. 30.7 pages), 55 sources, APA, $ 167.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the intention of this study was to determine how early in their lives children, especially girls, are influenced by the media concerning their body image;and if that influence has any profound or pronounced effect, if the exposure begins during the pre-pubescent period. The author used (1) a self-assessment questionnaire of girls and boys, ages 9 and 10, from two different schools administered by the classroom teacher during regular class sections coupled with (2) the teacher's assessment of the child's self-esteem. This paper concludes that, more significantly with girls than with boys, weight and body image are inextricably linked as early as age nine with children already incorporated concerns of attractiveness as powerful indicators of how these children evaluate their own self-esteem. Tables.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Media influence
Other Influences on Body Image and Self-Esteem in Girls
Taking Objectification a Step Further
The Effect of Body Image in Adolescence
Factors Suggesting the Need for Child-Centred Body-Image/Self-Esteem Studies
Rationale
Hypotheses
Methods
Social Comparisons to Models and Peers
Body Image Satisfaction
Body Mass Index
Results
Relationships between Body Dissatisfaction and Reported Social Comparison
Correlations Between Body Dissatisfaction and Social Comparisons to Models and Peers by Gender
Multiple Regressions of Body Dissatisfaction on BMI, Grade, and
Attractiveness Attributes by Gender
Means and Standard Deviations for Social Comparison to Models and Same-Sex Peers by Gender
Teacher Assessments of Self-Esteem
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Because of the ages of the children in the study, it was decided that the best way to assess self-esteem would be to interview the teachers of the children concerning which children suffered from low self-esteem, and then correlate their answers with those of the children. An almost 100 percent correlation was found among girls between higher weights and low self-esteem. For boys, the correlation between body shape was stronger than the correlation with weight per se. It is easy to conclude, therefore, that "Whether or not they are too heavy, females who see themselves as overweight show decreased satisfaction with their bodies, reduced levels of self-esteem, and lowered psychosocial well-being, as compared with males, in general, and with females who do not consider themselves overweight.""
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Undercover Police, 2006.
This paper is a complete research study to evaluate the potential for crime among undercover police personnel.
10,820 words (approx. 43.3 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 214.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the objective of this study is to establish that there is an increased risk of undercover officers crossing the line of legality, whether in the line of duty or otherwise. The author points out that, because of the lack of available empirical data from police sources, this study uses a meta-examination of published data from (1) M. Girodo's study of 271 undercover agents for indications of drug corruption, (2) FBI statistics on corruption cases, (3) Mieczkowski and Lersch's reported results of drug testing of police officers and recruits and (4) Girodo's study of self reported and observer reported dissociated states. The paper reports that the data indicated that undercover police officers are more likely to commit crimes than other police officers because there is a direct relation between drugs and corruption amongst police officers, undercover investigations are highly stressful environments and it is becoming increasingly more likely for an undercover agent to commit a crime in the line of duty. Many tables.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Background of the Study
Problem Statement
Purpose and Objective of Study
Rationale
Definition of Terms
Limitations of the Study
Theoretical Framework
Research Hypothesis
Summary of Remaining Chapters
Review of the Literature
Background of Undercover Police Operations
Psychological Studies of Undercover Work
Nature and Extent of Police Corruption.
Methodology
Description of the Subjects
Description of the Research Instruments
Results
Discussions, Conclusions, and Recommendations
Discussion
Recommendations
From the Paper
"The traditional training techniques were strict and included such tactics as sleep deprivation, surprise exercises, social manipulations, eavesdropping, and so on to keep the trainee off-balance and ready for any circumstances, as well as to prepare them for the pressures of maintaining their false identities. These techniques simulate conditions that can cause the trainee to feel "less inhibited, less capable of self-regulation, and foster compliance and cult-type deindividuation." While these methods can achieve the desired result of helping the trainee slip into their new identity, they can also contribute to later health and misconduct problems in the field."
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