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Cancer & Euthanasia, 2007.
This paper discusses the controversial topic of euthanasia and includes the related moral implications.
954 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer looks at the advancement of technology and how medical science has allowed modern man the luxury of a much prolonged life, and the ability to fight off death until the last possible moment. The writer points out that this luxury also brings with it the dilemma of whether death can be a moral and legal choice in the face of extreme disability, long-term pain, or incapacitation. On the surface this may seem like a private choice made by the individual, but the writer examines the issue connected to those that cannot voice their own opinions. The writer discusses a few of the questions and complications that arise with this difficult issue.
From the Paper
"As a result of this public scrutiny, the court systems have found it necessary to intervene in some extreme cases. The courts have managed to establish clear regulations when it comes to fulfilling living wills, and have determined a bill of rights when it comes to the discontinuation of life-sustaining treatments. Feeding tubes and respirators in particular have been targeted as treatments that are under the patient's control, even if they are no longer able to communicate. Living wills are legally binding documents that state whether or not the patient wishes to continue life sustaining efforts in the event of their incapacitation. If there is no living will available, but there is sufficient evidence that the patient would not wish to continue life support then those wishes can still be carried out. The burden of this proof, however, rests with the patient's family."
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New Testament Theology, 2007.
Examines two schools of thought on theology relating to the New Testament.
14,800 words (approx. 59.2 pages), 25 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
Two trends in biblical scholarship can be discerned, especially with reference to the New Testament: Interpretations based on history and those based on theology. This paper explains the views of several historians and writers on theology relating to the New Testament.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
New Testament Theology
Beyond New Testament Theology
Authorship
The Program
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper
"Manifestations of sacred power can be more subtle, but holy power motivates human beings to act. This power of the nonordinary is both attractive and frightening at the same time. How this power is described differs one from religion to the next, but it usually includes elements of attraction and repulsion. Fear and love of the holy are common in religion, and the holy power that both attracts and repels is found in many religions, from tribal religions to modern religious tradition."
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Capital Punishment from a Christian Perspective, 2007.
This paper argues in favor of the death penalty, citing the Bible as giving legitimacy to this outlook.
1,629 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper describes a Christian Fundamentalist perspective in favor of capital punishment. In particular, it cites a recent case in California which denied a death row appeal, and argues how this decision was correct from a Christian outlook. The author also presents the human rights perspective, which is considered the opposing viewpoint. In contrast to this outlook, the author argues that the will of God takes precedence.
From the Paper
"Murder is a capital crime. It is a sin not only against society, but against God himself. We therefore believe that it would be against the will and word of God to abolish the death penalty world wide. Indeed, only the states and countries still using this form of punishment is within the will of God. Anyone not complying with this is playing with a dangerous fire. "
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A Shift of Religion: Daoism and Islam, 2007.
This paper studies the increasing popularity of Islam vs. Daoism during the post-Classical period.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that throughout history, religion has played an important part in the development of society. The paper determines the differences between the Daoism and the Islamic faith to understand how Islam gained popularity and significant growth during the post-Classical period, easily outpacing the previously popular Daoism faith of the Classical period. The paper presents the hypothesis that the changes in society drove the need to migrate to another faith with different beliefs. The paper defines Daoism and Islam and concludes that the shift from Daoism to Islam as the popular faith can be attributed to society's need for guidance and structure. Islam offered them the shelter of regimentation and rules that may have provided comfort in an emerging society.
Outline:
Purpose of Study
Opening Statement
Hypothesis
Findings
Islam
The Shift
Recommendations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Before one can determine what caused the change from Daoism to Islam as a predominate religion of the time one should have a grasp on the two faiths, their similarities and their differences.
Daoism is a worldwide organized religion that unlike others does not follow one leader or prophet. It also does not have a central or single message that it wants its followers to believe or adhere to. While Christianity and Catholics have Jesus, and the Jewish have God Daoism is not about one person or one philosophy or belief."
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Self-Esteem, 2006.
A discussion regarding the integration of psychotherapy with spirituality in the treatment of patients.
4,028 words (approx. 16.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 109.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the relationship between religion or spirituality and psychology. The paper discusses how for years theologians considered psychology as anti-God, while psychologists viewed theologians as lacking scientific awareness. According to the paper, there has been a recent trend to recognize and acknowledge the importance and impact of spirituality and religious faith on human development, mental disorders and treatment.
From the Paper
"In the March 2002 issue of "Social Forces," Peter Burke describes self-esteem as an outcome of and necessary ingredient in "the self-verification process that occurs within groups, maintaining both the individual and the group" (Burke). Self-esteem generally refers to an individual's overall positive evaluation of the self and is composed of two distinct dimensions, competence and worth. Competence, that is efficacy-based self-esteem, refers to the degree to which people view themselves as capable and efficacious, while the worth dimension, that is worth-based self-esteem, refers to the degree to which an individual feels he/she is a person of value (Burke). "
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Battered Immigrant American Iranian Women, 2006.
This paper is a dissertation, including an extensive literature review, about battered immigrant American-Iranian women.
15,450 words (approx. 61.8 pages), 40 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the many abuses and violent events that occur toward the American Iranian woman in the process of daily living, immigration and assimilation into a foreign society. The author points out, in the literature review, the customs, which Iranian women are conditioned to in terms of their treatment and their validity as knowledgeable and capable human beings. The paper stresses that immigrant women specifically, those of the Muslim culture, undergo much in the way of abuse and injustice not only in their countries of origination but even more so in their immigration to the United States because the laws and regulations of the United States are not structured in a way that provides protection of the rights of women, who are victims of abuse as well as immigrant women with the many complicating factors of Islamic marriage. The paper includes two statistical tables and several long quotations.
Table of Contents:
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Nature of the Study
Research Instruments
Sampling Methods and Location
Methodology
Significance of the Study
Nature of the Study
Hypotheses/Research Questions
Conceptual or Theoretical Framework
Scope, Limitations, and Delimitations
Literature Review
Conclusion
Research Methods
From the Paper
"In relation to access to credit, women of color are stated to be as innovative and entrepreneurial as any other group, they face lingering stereotypes and bias that often prevent them from receiving fair and equal access to the bank credit and capital necessary to start up new businesses. In a 1998 study by the National Foundation for Women Business Owners, findings state that less than one-third or 29 percent of women business owners, who are also women of color, surveyed presently have bank credit compared to over one-half or 53% of European American women."
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Forgivable Sin, 2006.
A discussion regarding the idea that all sin is forgivable with the exception of not believing in God.
1,417 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper presents the argument that all sin is forgivable with the exception of blasphemy. The paper uses the play 'Everyman' as a backdrop to the argument that turning one's back on God is the one sin that will not be forgiven, however, with that single exception there is nothing that cannot be forgiven by God.
From the Paper
"The play portrays what many religions believe occur in life. One has to answer for the deeds done and the deeds ignored while on the earth. In the instance of Everyman, God tells Death that he is not happy with the way mankind sins without conscious. If all sins were not forgivable then Everyman in the play would not be given the opportunity to find a companion to accompany him and death and speak to God about all of his good work and virtues while spending his time on earth. The play is set up so that the audience watches Everyman go to several virtues and asks them to come with him and he is refused. However, when Everyman asks Good Deeds, Good Deeds finally agrees to go. The moral of the play is that without Good Deeds, everyone would be condemned to eternal damnation. The play itself addresses sin and its underlying message that all sin can be forgiven if one has also committed good deeds while here on earth and sinning. "
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Sublimation of the Body, 2006.
An in-depth review of sublimation of the body as discussed by Aristotle.
7,545 words (approx. 30.2 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 165.95
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Abstract
The objective of this paper is to research the topic of sublimation of the body as discussed by Aristotle. The paper also reviews the topic from the perspective of Plato, and compares Plato's view with that of Aristotle. The paper also reviews and researches the related area of mind and body dualism.
Outline:
Objective
Sublimation Defined
Introduction
Aristotle and Alchemy: Sublimation of the Body
Literature That Discusses Aristotle's View
Plato's View
Mind/Body Dualism
The Jewish View of Dualism
The Spiritual View of Dualism
John Beloff on Dualism
Summary
From the Paper
"Aligned with the mind, 'human sense' is radiant. As organs of the flesh, on the other hand, the senses collapse into an obscuring, destructive sensuality. Sight--the sense closest to the 'mind's eye'--is both a tool for the acquisition of knowledge, and a locus of carnal desire." Stated further in this work is that in the treatise on 'Moral Philosophy' of Roger Bacon written in the mid-thirteenth century, Bacon reasoned that 'In his treatise on 'Moral Philosophy' written in the mid-thirteenth century, Roger Bacon reasoned that 'evil men lose their identity, because the identity of a thing consists in retaining its order and preserving its nature'. Sin, however, 'is contrary to the order of nature . . .' He concludes: 'you cannot regard as a human being the man whom you see transformed by vices'. (Sight and Embodiment in the Middle Ages, nd) Additionally stated is: "Because of the polluting influence of the emotions and appetites, the gods of Plato's Timaeus had 'located the mortal element of man in a separate part of the body, and constructed the neck as a kind of isthmus and boundary between head and breast to keep them apart'.12 The 'mortal element', Plato wrote, is divided in turn by the midriff (or diaphragm), according to its 'better and worse' properties; the emotions being superior to the appetite. To illustrate this idea of the properly ordered and contained body, he used the telling analogy of a house 'divided into men and women's quarters'."
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Mosque Experience, 2007.
This paper discusses a visit to a mosque and looks at the effects of this experience on the writer.
1,249 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer describes that the visit to the Islamic Center of Baton Rouge was a fascinating and enlightening experience. The writer explains that, while there, it was possible to learn about some of the practices and history of Islam, and to experience how a mosque can be such a haven for worship and the Islamic community. The writer points out that this visit to the Mosque was an eye-opening experience, during which many new things were learned. The writer concludes that if more people took an interest in exploring the diverse cultures that make up the country, there would be more understanding and possibly less struggles with race, religious differences and gender friction.
From the Paper
"Literally translated the word Qur'an means "recital." It is written in 114 chapters, or sutras, and contains exactly 6,000 verses. Unlike the Bible, which has been translated into multiple languages for the purpose of worship, the Qur'an is felt to be genuine and hold any authority only in the original language with which the Angel Gabriel recited to Muhammed and Muhammed penned the book, and that is Arabic. Even Muslims who are not Arabic learn, memorize and recite the Qur'an in Arabic.
The Qur'an explicitly states that there are Five Obligations of Islam. These are often referred to as the Five "Pillars" because these are the five elements upon which the whole of Islam is founded."
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Rowlandson & the Puritan Viewpoint, 2007.
This paper discusses the Puritan way of thinking about salvation and race as exemplified in Mary Rowlandson's "The Narrative of the Captivity and the Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson".
1,152 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer discusses the Puritan way of thinking about salvation and grace that is echoed within the end of Rowlandson's distinctly Puritan captivity narrative, "The Narrative of the Captivity and the Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson". The writer points out that Mary Rowlandson's quest for self-analysis and self-revelation, within her autobiographical account of her time in captivity, centers on her individual relationship to God, before, during, and particularly after her ordeal. Further, the writer notes that Mary Rowlandson's account of her ordeal at the hands of Indians, and her survival of that ordeal, is in fact as much about how God helped her through the experience as it is about the experience itself.
From the Paper
"Of central importance to Puritanism, as illustrated within the writings of John Winthrop; John Edwards, Mary Rowlandson, and others, is the idea of God's divine authority over human beings on earth, and, consequently, the importance of seeking salvation and grace, in both detailed personal and religiously abstract ways, through both individual and collective earthly deeds. The Puritans studied closely, and sought to obey, in individual ways and as a united group (see, for example, John Winthrop's "A Model of Christian Charity," a sermon delivered on the way to the New World, in which Winthrop stresses the importance of working as a united group toward salvation and grace), the words of God, as expressed within the Bible."
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Religion in the Modern World, 2007.
This paper explores various paths for being a religious individual in the modern world.
1,260 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper examines a number of texts and philosophies from different world religions. The work of anthropologist Mircea Eliad is used as a basis. The differing texts and philosophies are used as a means of expressing religious thought and actions as a modern individual. The author argues that outlooks from different faiths may motivate one to be religious. For example, a Christian may find Buddhist philosophy strengthens his own practice and belief. This sense of respect and reciprocity is what the modern world can learn from religion
From the Paper
"If the relationship of the sacred and profane must remain an area of contention, perhaps the only ideal that can be embraced by both believers and non-believers is the ethic of toleration, as espoused by the Jewish philosopher Martin Buber. "One should beware altogether of understanding the conversation with God ... as something that occurs merely apart from or above the everyday...God's address to man penetrates the events in all our lives and all the events in the world around us, everything biographical and everything historical, and turns it into instruction, into demands for you and me." (Buber, 1971, p.182)"
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Dante and Catholicism, 2007.
This paper examines the treatment of the Catholic faith in Dante's work.
1,642 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer studies the writings of Dante Alighieri and notes that he makes comment of the current political and religious world in which he lived. The writer points out that in so doing, Dante created a likely unintended controversy, with regard to the way in which things were done in the church and politics. Further, the writer notes that Dante disagreed with this in many ways, but attempted to pacify this controversy through his works, especially with his 'Inferno'. The writer concludes that through Dante's inclusion of many ideals and standards of his faith, some have seen his works as spiritual and worthy quests, yet his emphasis on self-determination and self-judgment was contrary to the validity of the central authority of the Catholic faith, regardless of his desire to embrace it.
From the Paper
"Dante, traced his own personal economic and political trials through his experiences in a system, not unlike that described by his Catholic faith, and yet in so doing he must have known that he would challenge the Catholic ideal of centralized authority and power. Though some say his intention was to make sense of his problems and his seeking of salvation through this exercise with no intention of harming his faith or its standards but he hesitated in his debates, as if uncertain that he held any or all of the answers he was seeking in his pilgrimage of the mind."
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Medieval Female Mystics, 2007.
An analysis of medieval female mystics and their impact on Christianity.
3,261 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses female mysticism and visionary women in the Middle Ages. The paper begins by discussing how Christianity views women in general and then focuses on Mechtild of Magdeburg and the Helfta Community and the impact that they had on Christianity. The paper ends by describing medieval monasteries and their mystics.
Table of Contents:
The Feminine Mystique of the Middle Ages
Mechtild of Magdeburg and the Helfta Community
Love as the Power of the Mystic
The Medieval Monasteries and Their Mystics
From the Paper
"The female visionaries and mystics from these monasteries expressed a slightly different point of view than their male counterparts. Although they kept the stress placed on physical suffering and mortification, their message was less severe and carrying more love and more emotional involvement in the world. The message of love was stressed particularly by the community of women from Helfta, a family monastery where enlighten minds allowed the rigorous St. Gertrude and the tormented Mechtild as well to live and to write about their experience of ecstasy."
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Abortion and Catholicism, 2007.
An analysis of the dilemmas facing the Catholic Church in cases of abortions to protect the mother.
723 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Catholic Church's view of abortion and the implication of this in the modern world. The paper presents the case of an ectopic pregnancy, which if left to continue, threatens the life of the mother. The paper discusses what actions Christian hospitals can take in such a case and the dilemmas that they face. The paper makes brief mention of when a fetus becomes en-souled.
From the Paper
" With so many definitions regarding when life begins, the point of ensoulment during pregnancy becomes even more complicated and difficult to discern; Catholic hospitals have had to confront these moral dilemmas as they have begun to conflict with medical advancements. For example, the event of an ectopic pregnancy creates a moral question regarding whether the fetus, who cannot survive anywhere near the point of viability, should be aborted to protect the life of the mother. Ectopic pregnancies are most commonly caused when a fetus embeds in the Fallopian tube, an impossible location for a pregnancy to be carried anywhere near term. The most common treatment for an ectopic pregnancy is a drug-induced abortion with the drug methotrexate, a medically established procedure that terminates the pregnancy while preserving the life of the mother, which is almost always threatened by a tubal pregnancy (Hausknecht 1995). Although Catholic hospitals do not perform abortions, they commonly do administer methotrexate as a remedy for ectopic pregnancies."
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Power and Politics of the Catholic Church, 2007.
This paper gives a brief history of the Catholic Church.
923 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper gives a brief history of the Catholic Church. It highlights the political and social nature of the Church and also describes its power base in the Western world over the centuries. Finally, the author explores the role of the Pope and the Church today.
From the Paper
"The Catholic Church regards itself as the only true heir of the teachings of Jesus Christ, as it asserts that this is mandated in the bible (Matthew 16:15-20) . According to the Catholic interpretation, Jesus had entrusted Peter--the leader of the apostles--with the "the keys to Heaven" and ordained that upon the rock of Peter he would found his Church. The Church further holds that all the Popes are successors to Peter and as such are considered to be Christ's representative on earth. From the 4th century AD onwards, when the Roman Emperor, Constantine I, issued the Edict of Milan ending the prosecution of Christians in the Roman Empire, the Catholic Church was the only Christian church until its break with the Eastern Orthodox Church in 1054 and later, the Protestant movement of the 16th century (Dolan)"
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