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The Masoretes' Vowelization of God's Name, 2007.
A grammatical study into the vowelization of God's name in the Hebrew scriptures.
9,553 words (approx. 38.2 pages), 33 sources, MLA, $ 195.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the vowelization of God's name in the Bible. It begins by discussing punctuation in the Bible, particularly in the Hebrew scriptures. It then compares this use of grammar to other ancient languages. It discusses the evolution of the grammatical system, leading up to the system called 'Masoretic Hebrew' punctuation at the end of the twelfth century. The paper discusses in detail the different grammatical forms of God's name, particularly the Masoretes' vowelization of His name.
From the Paper
"When Jesus Christ was on the Earth, spending his Earthly life, he would always appeal to the very words of the Old Testament, and this was taken to be indicative of the fact that Jesus Christ himself approved of this version of the text, and that it had been exactly and accurately transmitted. This Old Testament was the version that was favored and used by the ancient Jews, and it was also considered to be an extremely trustworthy version of what had been originally written by Moses. The Old Testament books as they appear in the Hebrew Bible are actually divided into three distinct groups, and they are: the Law, the Prophets, and the Writings. It was the priests that were given the innate responsibility of preserving the texts, and this was because of the fact that these individuals were considered to be the divinely appointed guardians and the teachers of the Law. (Forever Settled: A Survey of the Documents and the History of the Bible)"
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Structural Family Therapy, 2007.
An exploration of the model of family counseling and therapy known as structural family therapy.
4,120 words (approx. 16.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 110.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at structural family therapy (SFT) in its original form as well as in a form that is presently being used and has been effectively used specifically in SFT initiatives in families that are working with the issue of acculturation. The studies of Salvador Minuchin and Jay Haley are focused upon and the work of Thomas C.Todd (2006) is also taken into consideration. It also explores how SFT might effectively be applied by a minister of a neighborhood organization and how the Christian principles might be effectively and successfully applied in SFT therapy.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction to SFT
SFT - The Focus
The Goals of SFT
Differentiation in Various Theories
The Strategic Based (SFT) Intervention
Skills Necessary for SFT Therapy
Discussion
Integration of FST, Pact and Christian Principles
Pact: Key Features
Structural Approach Used in Therapy
From the Paper
"The resolution of conflicts is another area that must be in focus in the SFT therapy. There are various existing patterns in the way that individuals in the family deal with or use to avoid conflicts. Some of those are "detouring, attacking (also known as scapegoating)" (Todd, 2006) in which a union is formed against another family member who is labeled as 'bad' receiving the blame in full. Further there are the relationships that are described as "detouring, protecting" (Todd, 2006) in which two of the parties in conflict join to assist or help another in the family who had been labeled as defenseless, sick, and helpless and is a pattern noted in families that are psychosomatic and in families that have children who are known to be psychotic. "
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Book Review: The Bible, 2007.
This paper reviews the structure and purpose of the Bible from a Christian perspective.
1,292 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This well organized and clearly written paper reviews the Bible's structure, purpose and messages from a Christian perspective. The paper first describes the format of the Bible and its purpose for the practicing Christian of today. Also discussed is the relationship between the Old and New Testaments. The author also evaluates how the Bible relates to changes in modern society. The author compares the ease of spirituality at the time of the Bible to today's developed and technological society.
From the Paper
"The purpose of the Bible is two-fold. Primarily it is intended for the education and encouragement of Christian adherents. It strengthens the faith and commitment of the faithful. Secondly, the book's purpose is to encourage non-believers to come to faith in Christ for the sake of the salvation of their eternal souls. During its creation also, the Bible was meant for the particular ancient societies from which it emerged. Hence the variety of cultural elements included in its exhortations. In today's faithful community, many of these cultural elements are discarded or interpreted spiritually and symbolically rather than literally."
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The History of the Calendar, 2007.
A detailed history of the Gregorian calendar.
1,335 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the topic of the modern calendar. Specifically the paper discusses how the Gregorian calendar came into being and the many changes it has undergone during its history. The paper examines how timekeeping has evolved from early, much more complicated methods. The paper concludes that the calendar may not be perfect, but it serves a vital purpose, and will probably remain constant for centuries to come.
From the Paper
"One aspect of calendar history is quite surprising. While it would seem the Gregorian calendar that is the most common would be the universal calendar used around the world today, it is not. Historian Doggett continues, "According to a recent estimate, there are about forty calendars used in the world today" (Doggett, 2004). Some of these other calendars include the Hebrew calendar (used in Israel), the Islamic calendar (used throughout the Muslim world), the Chinese calendar (used throughout China), and the Indian calendar (used in India). Most of these calendar variations are used in specific localities and cultures, and there have been some attempts to coordinate them with the Gregorian calendar (Doggett, 2004)."
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Ulrich Zwingli, 2007.
This paper looks at the life of Ulrich Zwingli and examines this voice of religious reform in Switzerland.
1,525 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses Ulrich Zwingli as a religious reformer in Switzerland, who actually started out from inside the ranks of the Catholic Church, but gradually became a crusader against it. The writer points out that his radical policies showed that he was fearless in challenging the Church, and he even died for his beliefs in battle.
The writer discusses that despite his relatively short life, Zwingli left his mark on the reformation by his insistence on changes such as the removal of indulgences, the outlawing of idolatry, the relaxing of marriage laws and the wielding of political power. The writer concludes that the legacy of Ulrich Zwingli as a religious reformer and political leader lives on in statues in Zurich.
From the Paper
"Zwingli left Glarus in 1516 because his faithfulness to Catholicism made it unpleasant for him. He took a position as a secular priest at Einsiedeln and continued studying the classics. It is unclear exactly when he began speaking out against the Catholic Church during this period. He claims he was speaking out against the church, but he still remained friends with Cardinal Schinner and continued to draw his pension from the pope. He was even appointed acolyte chaplain of the Roman See in 1518, so it is not entirely supported that he was preaching Catholic reform. Still, others were preaching reform during this time, and Zwingli soon became a powerful voice for change."
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The Power Of The Dead In Ancient Egypt, 2007.
An analysis of the rituals and beliefs of Ancient Egypt, in terms of the power of the dead and immortality.
1,616 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses religious belief and practices in Ancient Egypt. It particularly focuses on the ancient Egyptian's belief in the power of the dead and their concerns for immortality. The paper discusses how their rituals revolved around this concept, such as the idea that worshipping the sun would lead to immortality and how ancient Egyptians firmly believed that when a person died, the deceased would take on new lifeforms.
From the Paper
"Understandably, Egyptian religion was replete with symbols which could be found on papyri, coffins, amulets and the walls of temples, palaces and especially tombs. These symbols were mostly designed to represent spiritual, religious and magical entities and the most common of these symbols, i.e. the key symbol of the Egyptians and their polytheistic religion, was the scarab beetle (Khepera) which stood "at the core of Egyptian religion and beliefs and incorporated the idea of the resurrection of the dead" (Budge, 231). The most influential of these beetles was the winged scarab which guaranteed the safe passage into the Underworld and were meant to ward off evil as the deceased stood before the Courts of Ausar. This scarab beetle also was often placed over the heart of a mummified person which was believed to guarantee rebirth and eternal life in the afterworld."
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'Living Jesus', 2007.
This paper studies the work 'Living Jesus: Learning the Heart of the Gospel', by Luke Timothy Johnson.
2,844 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer discusses that 'Living Jesus: Learning the Heart of the Gospel' offers a deeply personal insight into approaching the meaning of Jesus Christ within an admirably scholastic framework. The writer notes that the author's primary goal and objective in writing 'Living Jesus' may be to stimulate new modes of thinking about Gospel and to renew or initiate appreciation of the resurrected, living, omnipresent Jesus Christ. The writer concludes that the title of 'Living Jesus' offers readers a double-meaning to contemplate. The writer explains that Jesus is at once living, fully alive and omnipresent and that the title also refers to an active incorporation of Christianity into one's personal life: living Jesus, living as a Christian.
From the Paper
"Being a Christian, according to the author requires a heartfelt confession in the immanence of Jesus: His divine presence in the world. Johnson's emphasis is on action and process, rather than on historical analysis. While the author does not discount the relevance of historical examinations of the life and times of Jesus Christ, he denounces such historical investigations as missing the point. The historian's Jesus is dead, whereas the faithful Christian's Jesus is alive. The mystery of the resurrection is the central motif by which Christians can ponder the living Jesus and His role in the world. Moreover, the resurrection forms the actual inception of the Christian faith, because the cult of Jesus began with the moment of the resurrection."
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Japan's Modern Myths, 2007.
This paper discusses Japan as viewed in 'Japan's Modern Myths: Ideology in the Late Meiji Period' by Carol Gluck.
849 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer discusses Professor Carol Gluck's views regarding Japan as portrayed in Chapter 5 and 6 of 'Japan's Modern Myths: Ideology in the Late Meiji Period'. The writer points out that Professor Gluck argues that Japanese society was and is a society founded upon the values of the collective, rather than upon the individual. Further, the writer notes that her view of Japanese civic virtues is extremely broad and suggests that on every level of public and personal morality, the nation is given greater value than the lives of its citizens. The writer then discusses that, in Chapter 6, Gluck paints the period as a constant struggle between the forces of nationalism and collectivism versus the "social fever" for modernity, or Westernization, that is still present and, in Gluck's opinion, was a natural, human impulse in contrast to the expressed will of the state.
From the Paper
"Gluck suggests that the Meiji policies of the late 19th and early 20th century Japanese government leading up to World War II made civil obedience and national sacrifice a religious calling. Gluck's views of the causes of World War II thus take on a very socially deterministic cast. In her view, because the Emperor was divine, everything he did and was done in the name of Japan was seen as right and just. In terms of Japanese religion, although Gluck argues that although it might seem Buddhism had had a strong religious presence in Japanese morality, she believes this should not be over-emphasized, stating that Buddhism was often perceived as a foreign religion by the state In contrast, Gluck stresses the emphasis on the indigenous Japanese religion Shinto as a state religion. She sees Shintoism, as opposed to the imported philosophy of Buddhism, to form the true philosophy of the civil cult of the state. She points out that the Shintoists continued to press their claims for the institutionalization of Shinto as a separate office of state, apart from Buddhists."
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Muslims in Europe, 2007.
A discussion on Muslims in Europe in the aftermath of the 9/11 terrorist attacks.
3,762 words (approx. 15.0 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 103.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the impact of the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001 and subsequent terrorist related events have had a profound and far-reaching impact on the situation of Muslims in Europe. The paper explores how the very structure of Muslim life, as well as the way that they are perceived in Europe, has undergone a significant change. The paper examines how, while the integration of the Islamic religion and culture in Europe was problematic before the events of 9/11, the situation has been exacerbated by the events of 9/11 and has impacted a variety of aspects of Muslim life.
Outline:
1.0. Introduction
1.1. Research methodology
2.0. The situation of Muslims in Europe: before and after 9/11
2.1. Historical antecedents
2.2. The impact of 9/11
2.3. Prejudice and discrimination
2.3.1. The media
2.3.2. Right wing groups and prejudice
2.3.3. The creation of terrorism
2.3.4. Polices and the Law
2.3.5 Religious intolerance
2.3.5. Economic Prejudice And Related Factors
2.4. Muslim Identity
3.0. Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"The youth, who now make up the majority of Muslims in Europe, find themselves in a situation of cultural and identity crisis. They are caught between their traditions and the culture of their parents and European culture. However, the effect of recent world events has worsened their situation and they find themselves in counties "...which either refuses to accept them as bona fide members of society or--often--actively discriminates against them on the basis of their "otherness". "
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"The Wounded Heart", 2007.
A critique of the religious and psychological nature of "The Wounded Heart," by Dan Allender.
1,790 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the book "The Wounded Heart," by Dan Allender. The paper describes the book as part religious work and part psychology. It discusses the topic of sexual abuse, as well as discussing the healing power of Jesus Christ and the spiritual and emotional journey of the author. The paper cites passages and concepts from the book and discusses the author's inner self to provide an accurate description and critique of "The Wounded Heart".
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Dan Allender- Author and Christian
Synopsis of "The Wounded Heart"
Concept of "The Great Physician" in "The Wounded Heart"
Allender and The Path Less Chosen
Hard Hitting Emotion in "The Wounded Heart"
Objective Critique of The Work
Closing Thoughts
From the Paper
"While the subject matter is hardly pleasant, and frankly emotionally disturbing, Allender brings home the hard hitting emotion in such a skillful and caring way that it is readable, which is a key consideration for those who need to read it most. While the book is certainly suitable reading for those who have not been sexually abused, for those who have been abused and carry round the pain and the guilt of that experience, or what Allender would call "a scarred heart and soul" , it is possible to read the book and derive value from the words because of the skillful and sympathetic way that it is written. Speaking from his own brutal experiences in life, as well as his educational background, Allender makes it possible for the reader to better understand exactly what the author is trying to share, and his genuine concern for the plight of the reader is clear."
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Self-Revelatory Works, 2007.
An examination of the self-analysis present in five works of American literature of different time periods.
1,165 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how American literature is filled with examples of the American impulse toward self-analysis, especially within autobiographical writings. The paper explores the idea of analyzing one's life, as contained within various works of 17th and 18th century American literature. The paper draws examples from two authors from the Puritan/Colonial Period; Mary Rowlandson and Jonathan Edwards, two authors from the Enlightenment period; Benjamin Franklin and Olaudah Equiano and one author from the Romantic Period; Louisa May Alcott.
From the Paper
"In her autobiographical account of being captured, along with her young children, and mistreated by Indians "The Narrative of the Captivity and the Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson" (1682), the author states, self-reflectively, at the beginning of her narrative: "Oh, I may see the wonderful power of God, that my Spirit did not utterly sink under my affliction: still the Lord upheld me with His gracious and merciful spirit, and we were both alive to see the light of the next morning. Rowlandson's quest for self-analysis and self-revelation in this account centers on her relationship with God, before, during, and after her ordeal, and explores how the painful events she describes have in fact helped her to better understand her relationship to God."
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Marriage and Priesthood, 2007.
This paper looks at the issue of whether or not priests should be permitted to marry.
1,700 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that more and more the faithful are arguing in contemporary society that priests should be afforded the right to marry. The writer discusses that many are associating the failings of Catholic priests in particular in recent years with the strict doctrines of the faith that forbid marriage and promote celibacy among priests. This paper explores the origins of marriage and priesthood by specifically examining the doctrines and belief practices of the Roman Catholic faith compared with the Orthodox Christian faith. The writer concludes that lack of marriage and celibacy among priests only serves to degrade priests and results in excessive stress and loneliness among a population who has embraced their occupation as a means of giving back to their community. Further the writer maintains that to deny priests the right to marriage is to deny them their logical human nature and the gift of marriage, as it is described in the Holy Bible.
Outline:
Introduction
The Rights of Priests to Marry
Conclusions
References
From the Paper
"The issue of marriage and priesthood has been hotly debated for centuries in the Christian faith. The Roman Catholic Church is among few that support the notion that priests should remain celibate for life, a symbol of their sacrifice and ability to remain pure and spiritual representatives of God. Other faiths however including the Orthodox faith support more lenient attitudes toward marriage and priesthood, supporting marriage as a basic human right outlined by the bible, something that can be engaged in within the context of a spiritual and holy lifestyle. The Orthodox faith in particular supports the notion of equality within the faith community, suggesting that the role of priests include supporting the flock or followers but not holding priests to standards that are more or less stringent than those afforded the faithful as a whole."
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Vodou, 2007.
A historical look at the origins of Vodou spirituality in Haiti.
1,007 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Vodou spirituality, particularly the Vodou that is practiced in Haiti. The paper traces the roots of Vodou to religious practices in Africa and describes how the practices were taken up in Haiti. The paper traces how the Haiti's view on Vodou has changed over time and how it is becoming more accepted by the clergy in Haiti.
From the Paper
"Since 1986, the Haitian clergy have been forced to acknowledge Vodou as a vital force in Haitian social and political life, and its priest and priestesses, oungans and mambos, as powerful and influential figures (Schaeffer). Cosentino describes Catholicism as "almost a sister religion" for Haitians who practice Vodou, saying "In the racist colonial world in which Vodou developed, Vodou is the black sister, Catholicism is the white sister. They are truly sisters, but the white sister won't acknowledge the black sister. The black sister truly KNOWS her white sister and LIKES that other world, but she also knows her place" (Schaeffer). There are no creeds, prescribed liturgies, membership rolls, formal organization or theology in Vodou, it is an ancestral religion and "a religion of healing, an aid to balancing life, to coping, to keeping things under control" (Schaeffer)."
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Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism and Judaism, 2007.
A discussion on comparative beliefs about the afterlife, and paths to the afterlife, within four major world religions: Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism and Judaism.
1,510 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the religions of Judaism, Buddhism, Islam and Hinduism. The paper examines how each of these religions has distinct ideas about the concept of life after death; what takes place after death; the nature of the afterlife itself; and how and where one arrives in the afterlife, based on the life lived on earth. The paper explains that the major religious books of each religion, in which those four religions' beliefs about life after death are described, are, for Judaism the Torah; the Hebrew Tanakh; and the Talmud; for Buddhism the Tipitaka; for Islam the Qur'an (Koran); and for Hinduism the Bhagavad Gita. The paper compares and contrasts teachings about life after death within Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism and Judaism, respectively.
From the Paper
"One major difference between the Buddhist and Hindu views of life after death compared to the Jewish and Muslim views of life after death has to do with the Buddhist and Hindu view of time as cyclical rather than linear. Judaism and Islam (and Christianity), each conceive of a linear concept of time, i.e., one's time spent on earth is then followed by one's time in the afterlife. Within the Christian New Testament, for example (Hebrews 9:27) it states: "Just as man is destined to die once, and after that to face judgment" (BLB Hebrews 9)."
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Bushido, 2007.
This paper discusses the Samurai philosophy of Bushido and Hiroshi Inagaki's "Samurai Trilogy."
2,490 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that the Samurai philosophy of Bushido has been the subject of much study and has been embodied in writings intended to show the Samurai class what the ideal for behavior should be. Many of the elements of this philosophy have been widely accepted as ideal for living and beneficial in a modern context as they were in the past, while other aspects are seen as specific to a time and place. The ideals are seen in dramatic form in Hiroshi Inagaki's "Samurai Trilogy," as it is called in the U.S. and specifically in the third of the films, "Bushido." The paper discusses these three films; "Miyamoto Musashi," "Musashi Miyamoto Sequel: Duel at Ichijoji Temple" and "Bushido."
From the Paper
"The three films by Hiroshi Inagaki begin in 1954 with Miyamoto Musashi, the name of the central character, also known as Takezo. Takezo is an orphan and something of a problem in his village, until he and his friend join the army to go into battle. They lose this first fight and then seek refuge in the home of a widow and her daughter. Takezo's friend takes up with the widow and goes away with them, while Takezo returns to his village. His friend's family does not believe him and has him arrested for treason, and he is eventually sentenced to study the samurai code. He falls in love with the virtuous Otsu, formerly betrothed to his friend, and she vows to wait for him when he sets off to be a knight. This film sets up the character and his background and also introduces the samurai code, which will become such an important element in his life."
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