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"Darwin on Trial", 2007.
A discussion on Philip Johnson's book, "Darwin on Trial".
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper offers an opinionated discussion on the arguments presented in Johnson's book. The paper begins with a general background on Darwin and the controversy surrounding his theory of evolution. It then offers examples from the book, which the author of the paper debates or refutes.
From the Paper
"Johnson argues over the idea of the "survival of the fittest," though this was not a Darwinian notion in the first place but was added later by Herbert Spencer. Johnson sees this as part of natural selection, though, and argues at length that it is a false argument that assumes the conclusion in the way the question is framed. Johnson again and again raises logical objections to ideas he says are part of the idea of evolution, and often he is seeing a logical fallacy where there is none. At the same time, he makes the same logical errors he attributes to others as, for instance, when he assumes the answer in the way he asks the question. Given that he sees no need for proof of the existence of God, the way he approaches all the issues involved here is based on a clear assumption of certain religious tenets. "
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Econometrics Method: On Religion & Crime, 2006.
A discussion regarding the relationship between religion and crime.
1,404 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the question regarding religion and its correlation to crime. The paper discusses how in terms of economics, the prevalence of crime in a particular geographic area deters fiscal growth and contributes immensely to the decay and deterioration of a community and a society. The paper further discusses how, when it comes to religion, a community of religious inhabitants contributes to the economy since if, it is seen as a haven of peace and order, the resources spent on crime prevention, prosecution and rehabilitation can best be put to more productive means such as recreational and educational facilities for the community.
From the Paper
"The question of religion and its correlation to crime, and vice versa, is always and important and interesting topic not only in terms of this economics paper but in other areas of studies as well. Economics wise, the prevalence of crime in a particular geographic area deter fiscal growth and contributes immensely to the decay and deterioration of a community and a society. On the matter of religion, a community of religious inhabitants contributes to the economy since if it is seen as a haven of peace and order, the resources spent on crime prevention, prosecution and rehabilitation can best be put to more productive means such as recreational and educational facilities for the community. A caveat to the previous statement is that the religion being discussed is in general terms considering we have seen religions that promote hatred and violence-this should be considered more an exemption than the rule!"
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Evolution, Creation and the Full Spectrum, 2007.
This paper discusses the issue of teaching evolution and creationism in schools.
1,329 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that for decades now the American school system has struggled with whether or not evolution should be taught in schools. The writer explains that the difficulty arises in that this scientific theory of origin appears to be at odds with the Judeo-Christian tradition of creation, and thus many conservative elements feel that it is a direct threat to the faith of their children. The writer points out that many religious scientists have in fact accepted that evolution and Christianity can co-exist, and moreover such a co-existence is the doctrine of the Catholic church at present. The writer concludes that if students receive proper education about the theories of origin, they will be able to understand that it is important to learn how to understand the world through science without devaluing other methods of understanding and the difference between science and faith-based knowledge will be one with which they are comfortable.
From the Paper
"It is against the foundational principles of the American government and its school system to endorse one religion or denomination over another. Christian conservatives have frequently argued that though schools are not supposed to have a sectarian agenda, American schools in the Colonial era did not forbid Bibles or prayers, and that schools could teach ethics, morality, and creationism without embracing a specific denomination. This argument suggests that there is no such thing as value-free education, and that teaching about evolution is the same as teaching a religion of atheism. This argument may seem valid if one believes that there are only two options, creation or evolution. However, once one realizes that different Christian groups embrace evolution and the old age of the earth to differing degrees, it becomes evident that the issue is in fact on of denomination and sect. Do we want to create strictly Protestant schools, in which the Catholic belief that God may have worked through evolution is denied? Or do we want to create strictly Catholic schools by actively teaching children that God worked through evolution and gave special souls to men when they had sufficiently evolved? The idea of providing both ideas with "equal time" reduces the school to a forum for religious and denominational debate."
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Islamic Art, 2007.
An examination of Islamic exhibits into Islamic ancient music, art and dance.
940 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Islamic art, music and dance. It presents these three aspects of Islamic art in the form of an exhibition and details the history and practices of each art form. It begins by discussing five Islamic musical instruments, then goes on to discuss Islamic views on dance and finally looks at the different cultural influences that contribute to Islamic art.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Music
Dance
Art
From the Paper
"Muslims have had different views about dancing. Throughout Islam history, there have been times of greater acceptance or rejection of dance. Some believed there should be no dancing. To others, folk dancing between the same sex is acceptable, but not between mixed couples. Also, some see dancing as a way to become closer to Allah. Sa'adi, a Persian poet wrote about a band of travelers who came upon a boy who danced beautifully. Everyone was amazed by his talents, except a man who complained that dancing was wrong. However, his camel lifted his feet in dance and threw the rider to the ground. Those around said that even God's creatures could enjoy the dance, so why not he?"
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Scientology, 2007.
An analysis of the basis of Scientology and whether it are considered a religion or a cult.
1,944 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Scientology, with particular emphasis on examining whether Scientology can be considered a religion or should be considered a cult. The paper describes the background of the founding of Scientology by science fiction writer L. Ron Hubbard in 1954. It then goes on to describe some of the tenants of Scientology and its primary mission statement, as well as its dealings with various government and judicial bodies.
From the Paper
"The ongoing controversies involving the Church and its critics include all the emphasis placed on a man rather than a deity. This makes Scientology look more like a cult than a religion. In addition, there have been deaths among Scientologists and it is reported these deaths took place during especially intense auditing sessions. Because of the close-mouthed nature of the Church, no one has ever really been sure. Scientologists are supposed to try to stay with other scientologists, and the Church often engages in very high pressure techniques in an attempt to get more and more money. In addition to all these shady things, there is also some very real speculation and evidently evidence in writings that LRH actually started the religion because he felt it would be a good way to bolster his flagging science fiction career and so he used his imagination in a way that he knew would make money. Scientology seems like a way for people who want money to take advantage of people who are looking desperately for something to fill up some of the spiritual emptiness in their lives, and do not know that they do not need to pay to do so. For this reason, I strongly believe Scientology is not a religion but is rather a cult."
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Eastern Religions, 2006.
A discussion on four Eastern religious traditions---Hinduism, Shinto, Buddhism and Taoism.
1,180 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Hinduism teaches that there are different methods by which a person can reach "god" or a place of spiritual awareness and peace--- karma, jnana, and bhakti. It points out that Shinto, Buddhism and Taoism, which are of the Japanese religious tradition, are influenced significantly by Hinduism especially the conceptions of the divine and of human nature. The paper relates that these Eastern religious traditions are present in many aspects of Western life especially in popular culture media, such as movies like "The Matrix" trilogy.
From the Paper
"The first method, karma, is something that we have no control over in the afterlife-after one has lived a life, performed certain actions, and behaved in a certain manner, your reward or punishment will be meted out via karmic action. Dependent upon one's caste, karma can be "undone" through "asceticism, meditation, devotions to and worship of the gods." Karma is really not a method of reaching god, since it is dependent on other actions and beliefs for its determinations. Those beliefs and actions are better personified by the two methods of achieving spiritual consciousness, jnana and bhakti."
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Origin of Satan, 2007.
This paper offers an examination of the origin of Satan.
2,121 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer first discusses the origins of the name of Satan. The writer then explains that one of the most widely debated aspects concerning the origin of Satan revolves around the question as to exactly what extent the power of evil is manifested in Satan. The writer maintains that perhaps the most powerful image of Satan in today's world is linked with the concept of Armageddon, a time in the distant future, or in the distant past, when Satan and his evil minions will gather together to battle God and Christ for the ultimate and supreme control over man and the universe. The writer concludes that Satan remains an elusive yet easily recognizable figure, due to the fact that this personage of evil and destruction has survived untold numbers of revisions for more than three thousand years and continues to pervade the minds and hearts of believers and non-believers alike.
From the Paper
"However, other theological scholars and students of ancient religions have devised another path toward associating evil with Satan via non-canonical Hebrew literature which supports the idea that not only is Satan a true adversary of God but is also the leader of the fallen angels, contained in such works as The Book of the Secrets of Enoch and several Islamic texts. Yet also Satan eventually evolves into the ultimate symbol of evil, the ancient Hebrews offered "no suggestion of any dualism, neither temporal, spatial or ethical," meaning that Satan was either pure evil or was not. Additional apocalyptic literature maintains this stance but it was only in later Judaism when Satan was viewed as being a dualistic figure. Tom Radcliffe points out that as the Jewish church became established and grew in prominence, many of its enemies were linked to Satan, such as heretics and the Syrians."
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Zen (Chan) Buddhism & Daoism (Taoism), 2006.
A comparison between the philosophy of Zen (Chan) Buddhism and Daoism (Taoism).
2,596 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at Zen (Chan) Buddhism and Daoism (Taoism). The paper reviews these respective philosophies and draws attention to the differences and similarities between the two. The paper further explores how Zen Buddhism differs from Taoism in the focus and trajectory of its emphasis on radical non-dualism.
Outline:
Introduction
Discussion: emptiness in Taoism and Zen Buddhism
Zen Buddhism, non-dualism and Satori
From the Paper
"However, while there are more similarities than dissimilarities in the foundational views of Taoism and Zen, yet there is a difference in emphasis. On the one hand, as can be seen in the first Taoist painting, the human figure still exists in nature and the world of opposites. Another aspect of Taoism is the theory of continual change and non - stasis. The opposites of the Yin and Yang remain as an important part of the ethos of Taoism. These opposites are completely and more radically denied in Zen Buddhism."
"Nevertheless it is equally important to realize that both philosophies are based on the basic principle that true reality cannot be grasped or 'pinned down' by human conceptuality and rational thought. The second Zen painting makes this point sharply clear in that there is only the circle - a symbol itself of the denial of opposites - depicted against a an essentially blank background which represents the true nature of reality. Here there is no reference at all to nature or man and the origin of the Origin is suggested in its obvious and non-dual entirety. "
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Isaac Bashevis Singer, 2007.
An analysis of the novel "Enemies, A Love Story," and the short stories "Gimpel the Fool," and "The Gentleman from Cracow," by Isaac Bashevis Singer.
2,160 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the conflict between religion and worldliness, or between the pure and impure in three stories by Isaac Bashevis Singer. The paper examines how the difference between purity and impurity, or religion and worldliness, is quite apparent in these stories. The paper further discusses how Singer teaches his readers a lesson using charming characters, wit, and some tongue-in-cheek good humor. The writer concludes that reading these stories gives a glimpse into Jewish folk life, Jewish roots, and most of all, the feelings about purity and piety that endure in any and all religions.
From the Paper
"Gimpel is a victim, and yet, there is something about him that does not seem like a victim. He allows the people around him to take advantage of him, and he even revels in it. However, he is never pathetic. It is clear he has an inner core of strength and purity, and so, the reader admires his patience and courage. They also admire his wisdom, for he really is no fool at all. He says of his unhappy marriage, "But I'm the type that bears it and says nothing. What's one to do? Shoulders are from God, and burdens too" (Gimpel 11). Gimpel's patience comes from his pure and forgiving heart, and so he is a model of piety and purity. He is truly good, and that is why the people have to torment him so - they are not used to having such a good, decent person in their midst. They can only see the evil and negative in the world, and so they have to torment the goodness out of Gimpel, but they cannot."
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Rwanda, 2006.
A review of the Rwandan Genocide and the role that the Christians played.
1,084 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the blood-curdling episode of genocide in Rwanda, in which 800 000 people were murdered and million of others were left injured, maimed and homeless. The paper discusses how such a travesty could occur in a country that is supposedly the most Christian of all Christian countries.
From the Paper
"When people were being butchered mercilessly on the streets, the one question that emerged on the scene was connected with the Christianity of the country. What kind of Christians would go on this slaughter spree? Was the mission a failure as it was able to convert people but failed to instill the true Christian spirit? These were some important questions which were relevant since Rwanda is regarded as the most Christian of all African states with 80 to 90 percent of its population claiming to be following this faith. Christian work had started in early 1900s and by 1920 Roman Catholicism had spread into many parts of the country. The mission was considered highly successful when in 1930s, almost 1000 people were being baptized every week (Barrett 1992). The country officially became a Christian state in 19466 when most of its tribal heads had converted. (Gatwa 1995:5). "
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"From Creation to the Cross", 2007.
A review of Albert H. Bayliss' book "From Creation to the Cross".
2,647 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an analysis and critique of Chapters 1 through 9 of Bayliss' book. Portions of the book are cited, where applicable, in order to present a balanced and objective discussion and review. In conclusion the author of the paper offers a personal opinion on the book.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Chapter 1-The God of Creation (Genesis 1)
Chapter 2-The Story of Human Relationships
Chapter 3- The Effects of Sin-Loss of Order and Balance
Chapter 4- A New Beginning
Chapter 5- A Redeemed People-Exodus
Chapter 6- A New Nation-The Law
Chapter 7- Living the Life
Chapter 8- Living by Faith
Chapter 9- Modification to Monarchy
Analysis of the Book
References
From the Paper
"Chapter 2 brings the element of the human being into closer focus, especially in regard to the fact that the human is God's most wonderful creation. In regard to God's creation of man, Bayliss uses this wonderful quote from Genesis to put everything into perspective "He gives all men life and breath and everything else" (Bayliss, p.39). In this quote, the term "men" is used rather than "women" because at this point both in "From Creation to the Cross" and indeed in the Bible itself, the female counterpart for the male form did not yet exist; however, it soon would, as the creation of woman is presented next. As the author presents the creation of woman, it was not simply done to provide the means by which the earth would be populated with more human beings, but also in order to provide balance to the human life, as the man and the woman complement one another and provide a special kind of love and nurturing for one another in order to make the human experience more rewarding, fuller and complete."
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Pro-Prayers, 2006.
A discussion regarding the controversial issue of prayers at school.
1,438 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how prayers in schools have mostly been touted as activities that violate the rights to religious freedom. According to the paper, many parents feel that since they do not believe in God, their children must not be asked to recite the name of God in schools. The paper further discusses whether the name of God should be removed from schools and if not what would be the benefits of keeping this tradition in the schools.
From the Paper
"Every child needs something greater than himself to hold on to. They need to understand that when they are being asked to do something good and avoid evil, there are rewards waiting for them from that highest power. I feel there is nothing wrong with reciting prayers and pledge in schools because it leads to the creation of a better and more responsible society where caste and creed differences can be minimized since everyone is looking up to the same power i.e. God and pledging allegiance to the same country i.e. America. The opponents however feel that the law should be secular in nature, it should not seek to support of 'advance' any one religion and thirdly it must not give evidence of government's intervention in religious matters. They feel that Pledge of Allegiance does not sound secular because of the word God in it; secondly it does seem to promote the belief that God is present and He is one. This means that even if no particular religion is being promoted, the pledge does contain words which make it religious in nature and give everyone an impression that government endorses and agree with Christian religious beliefs of monotheism. The law also violates the establishment clause, which calls for separation of church and state. (Ostling, 2001)"
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Socrates, 2007.
An analysis of the religious beliefs of Socrates, comparing his works with those of Jesus Christ.
1,211 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the debate regarding the religious beliefs of Socrates. The paper argues, by providing evidence, that Socrates was a monotheist. The writer uses examples from the life and works of Socrates and compares them to the life and works of Jesus Christ to provide evidence, that despite other suggestions, Socrates believed in one God.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
His Life
Comparing to Jesus
The Confusion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"While there is much evidence that Socrates was a monotheist there are people who point to the fact that he sometimes referenced plural Gods in his teachings to claim he was in fact a polytheist. At first glance there appears to be some weight behind such an argument. However, when one takes a closer look one can see that the two are not intertwined. Socrates used the plural referral to Gods in his teaching attempts. When speaking to those who believed in many Gods he would respectfully respond in the discussion with their preferred deity name within was the plural version or "Gods". He was also known to use the plural version of the word in metaphorical discussion. The fact remains however, that whenever he spoke of his own ambitions and the decisions that he made regarding his life he spoke of ONE divine voice providing him with the guidance and the calling of his mission."
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"Darwin on Trial", 2007.
A review of the works of Phillip E. Johnson, particularly his book "Darwin on Trial."
1,870 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the views of Phillip E. Johnson, who is considered one of the important leaders in the "Intelligent Design" movement, which is an offshoot of "creationism" and has been used by those who oppose evolution. The paper describes his book, "Darwin on Trial" as a good one to read for those who want a balanced look at both sides of the current debate between the ideas of evolution and the ideas of creationism.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Brief Summary
Critical Interaction
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper
"Phillip E. Johnson is considered one of the important leaders in the "Intelligent Design" movement, which is an offshoot of "creationism" and has been used by those who oppose evolution, or are in the belief that "evolutionists" are ignoring the role God played in the construction of Earth and the universe. Johnson's books have become an important tool in the hands of fundamentalist Christians, evangelicals and other conservative Christians. Johnson is not a scientist, he is a law professor, with a specialty, he writes on page 13, of "...analyzing the logic of arguments and identifying the assumptions that lie behind those arguments." The fact that he is a lawyer who employs "logic" and critically analyzes "assumptions" gives him the license he needs to painstakingly critique the "relevant scientific information" relating to evolution. His book is a good one to read for those who want a balanced look at both sides of the current debate between the ideas of evolution, and the ideas of creationism (or "intelligent design")."
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