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Pastoral Care in Practice, 2008.
An analysis of the writer's pastoral care activities and how it fits into a MacIntyrean practice.
2,433 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper defines and explains the meaning of the practicum and the seven marks of a practice. It then provides additional background and basic information pertaining to the writer's experiences in pastoral care. It demonstrates how and why the writer's pastoral care ministry experiences fit each mark of a practice. Finally, the paper summarizes and analyzes the writer's progress experiences to prove that his practicum is a MacIntyrean practice.
From the Paper
"During my practicum I sought to become more self-aware and become more responsive to the opportunities God provides for me. Only through the action of fully embracing His message during my practicum ministry could I be successful in fulfilling my own goals and reaching the individuals who I spent time working with. Through this paper I established the key terms and explained the background and process involved in my practicum in order to reach my goals. I also included the background information necessary for the reader to clearly picture the processes involved in my practicum activities. Finally, I outlined how my activities integrated with the seven marks as defined by MacIntyre. Having met all seven marks of MacIntyre's definition of practice, my practicum ministry in pastoral care is clearly a MacIntyrean practice."
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The Stupa and Theravada Buddhism in Sri Lanka, 2008.
An analysis of the ongoing significance of stupas in everyday popular Sri Lankan Buddhism.
2,318 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes Sri Lanka as a foremost country of Theravada Buddhism with several very important and many more local stupas found in most parts of an officially Buddhist country. It specifically discusses the ongoing importance of stupas in everyday popular Sri Lankan Buddhism and describes the more colloquial meaning and popularity of stupas of different descriptions.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Stupas as Architecture
Popular Buddhism and the Stupa
Symbolism and Stupas
Concluding Discussion
From the Paper
"One sees that the stupa has terrific and varied significance in Sri Lanka's Theravada Buddhism whether in formal observances as can involve festival times or traveling to very important sites or what occurs locally involving what may be a very small district stupa, perhaps situated near a temple or upon a hill. In the upcountry areas of Sri Lanka, stupas may dot hillsides and with each, however small, having particular importance to someone or to residents of a particular village, rather like the roadside crucifixes or other religious statues one expects to see in Roman Catholic countries and implying the same sense of daily awareness and frequent related observance. There is the same contrast too between Christians viewing art as merely representing a saint or the divine, as opposed to persons who can actively worship an image or attach special powers to it. The smallest of white stupas can remind the Buddhist of how he or she is to live, develop the self, of the example of the Buddha's mind, the helpfulness of veneration. Preparing this paper has been a good exercise in seeing the different levels on which Asian religious phenomena need to be assessed, the understanding of an educated monk in Sri Lanka or a Buddhist historian of antiquities obviously rather different from the homespun understanding of a person who may be a very devout Buddhist citizen. In this sense the stupa offers different kinds of symbolism that can unite diverse members of a philosophical tradition."
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The Financing of Terrorism, 2008.
This paper provides an analysis into the financing of terrorism, including motivation and the influence of the media.
1,941 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer examines and analyzes the financing of terrorism. The writer's analysis is divided into successive components entitled: Forms of Financing, Motivations for Financing Terrorism, Exploitation of the Media, and Disturbing Trends. The final sections offer a solution to the problem of terrorism. In addition, the writer provides a concluding commentary concerning the consequences if the fundamental causes of terrorism are not addressed through Western foreign policy changes and alternative fuels are not developed so reliance on Middle East oil can be ended.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Forms of Financing
Motivations for Financing Terrorism
Exploitation of the Media
Disturbing Trends
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Terrorists, of course, do not consider themselves to be irrational or self-righteous, they believe they are defending Muslims from Western domination and economic exploitation. Millions of Muslims throughout the Middle East share this belief, and help fund terrorist groups by making contributions to Islamic charities, which greatly exacerbates the difficulties for Western governments and intelligence agencies trying to cut off the financing of terrorism.
"The fundamental problem in combating the exploitation of Islamic charities by terrorist groups is the fact that the act of charity forms a very important part of Muslim law and tradition."
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Chartres Cathedral in France, 2008.
Looks at the famous stained glass windows of Chartres Cathedral in France.
935 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the famous stained glass windows of Chartres Cathedral in France. The paper describes the cathedral's gothic style, the set of windows in the west facade, the rose windows that can be found in different parts of the cathedral, and the Blue Virgin Window in the ambulatory area. The paper also describes the guilded windows in the cathedral, noting that, more than with most cathedrals, Chartres Cathedral's windows area often marked to show the donor, and this is true of the so-called guild windows, or windows donated by the trade guilds.
From the Paper
"The South Rose is seen with five lancet windows and dates from the 1230s. The Rose Window itself shows the Glorification of Christ, with Christ blessing surrounded by Four Evangelists and angels, then the elders of the Apocalypse, then the arms of donors to the cathedral. The left lancet shows Evangelist Luke over Prophet Jeremiah. The second lancet shows Evangelist Matthew over Prophet Isaiah. The central lancet shows the Virgin and Child."
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Science and Religion in the 17th Century, 2008.
An analysis of the interaction between science and religion in the 17th century.
1,523 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the intense interaction between science and religion in the 17th century had an ultimately positive effect on human civilization over the succeeding centuries. The paper explains that these interactions produced played an instrumental role in generating the Enlightenment of the 18th century, which transformed the world, freed humanity from the bonds of religious dogma, and produced long-term benefits ranging from greatly expanded scientific learning to the dramatic emergence and development of democratic systems of government. The paper then points out that religion and science also clashed in the 17th century because they offered incompatible answers to humanity's existence, to the functioning of the universe, and to humanity's place in it. In the context of this discussion, the paper briefly examines the works of philosophers and scientists like Nicolas Copernicus, Johannes Kepler, Galileo and Tycho Brahe.
From the Paper
"After lengthy observations and calculations, Kepler eventually discovered that although Copernicus had correctly concluded that the planets of the solar system all orbited around the sun, he had been mistaken in assuming that planetary orbits were circular instead of elliptical. The most positive contribution of Copernicus was his theory that the earth rotates each day on its axis, that it revolves on an annual basis around the sun, and that other planets also revolve around the sun. Yet as revolutionary as this theory was, it was not proven to be true until Galileo observed the heavens and made some startling discoveries that provided that proof."
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The Bible: Paul's Letter to the Philippians, 2008.
Looks at the Apostle Paul's letter to the Philippians, one of the most powerful and evocative addresses found in the New Testament.
2,470 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the Apostle Paul's letter to the Philippians. In particular, the paper discusses the author, the circumstances and historical period surrounding the writing of the letter , the culture of the age, the main themes and characters mentioned by Paul in his epistle and why they are important. The paper also examines the "then and there" meaning of the text, the "here and now" meaning as it is read in the twenty-first century and its impact on the author. The paper suggests that Paul's letter captures the spirit of his time, the pressures under which he and the church labored, and the high expectations all Christians are expected to satisfy. The paper concludes that the letter is a didactic bit of prose defining true Christian leadership.
From the Paper
"Scanning over Paul's letter, it is manifest that the "then and there" meaning was to give praise to his followers while simultaneously admonishing them to not fall into the bad ways of others. In a related vein, Paul's sharp criticism of the Pharisees exposes his contempt for the non-believers and it would seem he uses them as an example of individuals who fail to value the word of God, preferring somehow to believe that they know better than the teachings of Christ."
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Care Assessment and Religious Beliefs, 2008.
This paper looks at religious and philosophical factors as influencing health care structures.
1,227 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the Sunrise model that identifies the factors which influence people's care and well-being. The paper focuses on religious and philosophical factors and applies them to two diverse cultures, the Arab Muslim culture and the Gadsup of New Guinea. The paper then shows how the simple or complex social and care structures of extremely diverse cultures can be traced back to their religious and philosophical beliefs.
Outline:
Introduction
Purpose of the Sunrise Model
Religious and Philosophical Factors
Arab Muslims
The Gadsup of New Guinea
Use of the Factor in the Final Paper
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Sunrise Model is useful for care assessment and for gaining a comprehensive of beneficial care practices. The goal of the theory underlying the model is to provide the knowledge needed to "provide culturally congruent care to individuals, families, and groups and for health institutions" (Leininger & McFarland, 2002, p. 83). The outcome of the model will be the use of appropriate theoretical modes of culture-care actions and decisions. The three possible modes of nursing action are: culture care preservation/maintenance; culture care accommodation/negotiations; and culture care repatterning/restructuring. The information needed to guide culture-care actions and decisions is based on information from the lower and upper areas of the model."
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Algeria: From Independence to Civil War, 2008.
This paper argues that Algeria's war for independence (1954) ultimately led to its civil war (1990s).
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the Algerian civil war that began in 1991 and extended until 2002 with the defeat of various Islamic fundamentalist groups by the secular government and its forces. The paper argues that the roots of the civil war in the 1990s can be found in the country's war of independence from the French that began in the mid 1950s and ended in 1962. The paper concludes by showing how all the conditions that led to the civil war's outbreak in the early 1990s are still present today.
From the Paper
"As so much of international conflict throughout history, the political, social, and economic instability that led to civil war in Algeria during the early 1990s has its roots both in its colonial past as well as in its struggle for independence. Algeria gained its independence from France in 1962 but this independence is estimated to have cost the country more than 300k killed while other estimates have placed the number much higher at more than 1m individuals killed due to its armed struggle against France. France struggled mightily to retain its Algerian colony even in the face of increasingly national and global trends for colonial powers to relinquish control of former colonies. Much of the instability that manifested itself during the late 1980s and early 1990s that led to civil war can be traced to the war for independence against the French which actually lasted over a period of 8 years."
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Theories of the Functions of the Pyramid Texts, 2008.
A description and evaluation of the Pyramid Texts.
2,054 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper evaluates the functions of the Pyramid Texts that are based on the contrast between Western linear logic,and "the magico-religious mentality" of Ancient Egyptian culture. The paper also discusses the different functions of the Pyramid Texts Pyramid Texts and concludes that its main function was to solemnize the funeral and burial with the appurtenances necessary for the ascension of "coming forth by day", a construction of "The Book of the Dead" uniquely suited to the alchemic minds of the Ancient Egyptians who synthesized life's polarities in a way not available to our Western thought.
From the Paper
"The Ancient Egyptian conception of reality was cyclical and grounded in the unique agricultural environment of Egypt. "Its inhabitants depended on a large degree on the fulfillment of natural cycles. " "Every day, they observed the unchanging cycle of the sun's passage: each night it died but was reborn on the horizon at dawn and continued its celestial course throughout the day, creating and sustaining life on earth. Similarly, in the annual cycle of the seasons, they saw the regular death and destruction of the vegetation, due to the parching of the land, which in turn was followed by the inundation of the River Nile, which revived and restored the plants and the crops. Both these great life-forces, the sun and the river, followed patterns of life, death and rebirth which probably inspired in the Egyptians a very early belief that individual human existence reflected these natural cycles" . "The rising and setting of the sun, the phases of the moon, the motions of the stars ('always visible from Egypt'), the annual flooding of the Nile...were perceived as manifestations of potent creative sources" and a continual process of growth, death, and rebirth" . Poised on the edge of Africa between the mutable, ever shifting sands of the desert and the fluctuating barrier of the ocean, life was seen as a series of constantly changing forms of existence dependably reoccurring and transposing into one another. "Death...was regarded not as an end, but merely as a further change...leading forward to another type of existence" .
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Religion and Gender Inequality, 2008.
An analysis of the role of religion in gender discrimination, especially in Canada.
2,342 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the role of organized religion in ideas and practices regarding the social construction of gender. The writer believes that the three religions in the Judeo-Christian tradition, i.e. Judaism, Islam and Christianity, have helped to sustain deeply sexist cultures. The writer argues that these religions are so deeply patriarchal that reform along feminist lines is simply not possible. The writer also points out that the primary religion affecting state decisions in Canada is Christianity, although there are also many Canadian women who are kept subjugated by Islam and Judaism. In conclusion, the writer suggests that the key is to move our society as far away as possible from religious dogma of all kinds. Feminists in Canada must therefore strive to increase the separation of church and state in this country.
From the Paper
"Judaism, Islam and Christianity are similar in that they all espouse the doctrine of belief in one, very-definitely male, god. Therefore, they may be perceived as patriarchal monotheisms, based on an all-powerful, father-like God. This God varies in specifics; for example, whether he is primarily kind and loving, or primarily wrathful and vengeance-driven. However, he is much the same in all the essentials - he is all-powerful, all-seeing, omniscient, and male. Moreover, one could make a strong argument that all three of these gods are also misogynistic."
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Distinctive Cultural Region, 2008.
This paper looks at the religious and political ties in eighteenth century Quebec that turned that part of Canada into a distinctive cultural region.
808 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Quebec is unique within English-speaking North America because it is a large, self-contained geographical region that is characterized by a strong, if no longer overwhelming, French-speaking presence and by a culture that is still informed by Roman Catholicism. With this in mind, the writer looks at how the religious and political ties of eighteenth century Quebec (Upper Canada as it was known then) into a distinctive cultural region that remains distinctive even today. In so doing, the paper emphasizes how religion became a means of producing a society that was highly hierarchical even by the standards of its time - and how politics reinforced these unbending class cleavages. The writer explains that to understand why Quebec today is different from its Anglo counterparts, one must understand how religion and politics worked together more than two hundred years ago to create the French Canada of today.
From the Paper
"During the seventeenth century and, by all accounts, into the eighteenth century, as well, these religious orders sought to convert the indigenous peoples to the Roman Catholic faith. As an example of just central the Roman Catholic Church would be to eighteenth century French Canada, it is instructive that the priests actually pre-dated the farmers or habitants who would later be charged with trying to make the inhospitable lands of the area yield sustenance fit to maintain a thriving colony. Be that as it may, one should not be left to think that Roman Catholic French Canada in the eighteenth century was entirely under the sway of the Church and its stern injunctions; to wit, while the people of Lower Canada were, by and large, devout and pious, there were never as many priests around as the Church would have liked and creeping secularism was always a threat to the social fabric."
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Aubrey Malphurs' "Planting Growing Churches", 2008.
Reviews Aubrey Malphurs' book "Planting Growing Churches" by investigating the metaphor presented in this title.
1,115 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the metaphor infusing the book "Planting Growing Churches" by Aubrey Malphurs is one showing the church to be organic and Christians in the role of putative horticulturists. The author points out that this organic metaphor is in keeping with the millennia-old view of the church and of God as creating the natural world and then asking His followers to tend it. The paper states that the argument offered by Malphurs applies most directly to evangelicals, as might be assumed given the emphasis they place on spreading the Word and creating new churches.
From the Paper
"The process of planting a church does not end with that one church but then extends to evangelizing further to grow more churches. In analyzing this process, Malphurs begins with definitions and a general view of the process and then considers the personnel needed to plant a church, and those involved in the process have to understand themselves and their relationship to God and to the tenets of the faith. Not everyone can be as church planter, and Malphurs offers a way to measure who is able to carry out this task effectively."
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Jainism and Buddhism, 2008.
Discusses Buddhism and especially Jainism as religious movements, which reject some of the Vedic principles.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, while Buddhism has developed different sects, Jainism has developed as a distinctive endogamous community marked by its religious tradition. The author points out that Buddhism was a product of Kshastriya groups, who questioned Brahmanism; whereas, Jainas flatly rejected various Vedic teaching in favor of concepts of the individual, regardless of birth, who must work to purify his or her own soul. The paper relates that the Buddha is much more famous due to his philosophy having moved through all of Asia; whereas, Jainism spread through Indian trading communities liberated from a lower status bestowed by the Brahmanical system of varna. The author underscores that both traditions continue to offer a daily and personal prescription for life just as they offer choices in monastic and lay devotional activities.
Outline:
Introduction
The Appeal of Buddhism and Jainism
Jainism - Another Reflection of the Same Tradition?
Jainism's Soul and Personality
Syncretism and Appeal
Conclusion - Religion and Location
From the Paper
"Jains are much concerned by matters of action or karman, believing that acts can especially darken or interfere with the soul which should by bright and free, as is its nature, if properly maintained. Bad deeds will pollute the soul and have a way of adhering to it, harder to correct than good deals which are easily dispelled. According to Robinson, austerity can help to remove karman already incurred just as restraint stops the arrival of new karman. The jina or 'victors' are the true followers who achieve moksha when still in the body, living out the last of their lives through forces of residual karman."
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Split between Roman and Byzantine, Western and Eastern Churches, 2008.
A discussion of whether Rome wanted to unite with the Eastern churches, or simply require submission from them.
3,437 words (approx. 13.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that although Rome genuinely desired reunification with the Eastern churches, this was premised upon the expectation that it would submit to the authority of the Pope. The paper explains that this was not achieved, because a key reason for the schism was the Eastern church's refusal to acknowledge the authority of the bishop of Rome. The paper then looks at how the Western church's desire for reunification would have required submission, it is argued that the Western church really sought nothing less than the submission of the Eastern church. The paper suggest that it was not looking for partnership, it was looking for domination. The writer believes that this, coupled with the fact that the schism was so very far reaching and profound, meant that unification was simply not possible.
From the Paper
"The other major reason for the schism relates directly to the issue of power and dominance. The Eastern Church and the Western Church had for a long time been growing increasingly estranged due to disputes over papal authority. As summarized by Congar, the "Oriental schism came about by a progressive estrangement." This came to a head when Pope Leo IX proclaimed his authority over the four Eastern patriarchs. This authority was firmly repudiated by the Eastern Church, and continues to be repudiated to this day."
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Symmetry in Islamic Art, 2008.
This paper explains how geometric concepts can be taught based on the symmetry found in Islamic art.
2,537 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the extensive use of geometric and symmetrical patterns in Islamic art. The paper provides a definition of geometry and looks at translations, rotations and reflections in Islamic art. The paper then examines the mathematics of symmetry and how symmetry, as manifested in Islamic art, can be utilized to teach geometry in the contemporary classroom.
Outline:
Introduction
Symmetry in Islamic art, Part I
Symmetry in Islamic Art, Part II
Symmetry in Islamic Art, Part III
From the Paper
"Many civilizations have long used artistic designs for a variety of purposes. For instance, some civilizations have used artistic designs for emblematic purposes, while some have used artistic designs for ornamental and/or architectural purposes; still others, perhaps unsurprisingly, have used artistic designs for spiritual symbolism. Another thing that is not at all a surprise is that artistic designs almost invariably utilize mathematical concepts. Specifically, within the Islamic art tradition, there has long been the extensive use of geometric and symmetrical patterns - so much so that it may be put forward that one of the defining features of Islamic art is its ability to incorporate mathematical concepts and ideas in ways that are rich, vibrant and aesthetically pleasing."
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