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A Prescription for National Character, 2006.
An analysis of George Washington's farewell address.
2,220 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper presents and discusses George Washington's farewell address. The paper discusses the content of the speech and its implications for the future of the United States. It presents examples from the speech and then analyzes them. The paper also discusses how Washington was viewed by the American people in terms of his presidency.
From the Paper
"On a basic level, George Washington's Farewell Address seems to be a prescription for future political action in America. His most apparent objectives concern foreign affairs, party politics, and preservation of union. However, upon a closer reading of the speech, it seems that he was more concerned with establishing a certain ethical character for the young country. Naturally, this ethical character was heavily rooted in his own moral framework and seemed to presume that all Americans share convictions within his moral boundaries. Washington's speech is undoubtedly dominated by his pragmatic suggestions for the political future of America although he was able to effectively convey his ethical submissions despite their subtlety. Perhaps the reason for his success is due to his unique rhetorical strategies including juxtaposing practical, concrete claims with more understated ethical claims, employing a conversational tone, and projecting his moral character. By any other speaker, this speech could be viewed as manipulative since the true agenda is somewhat less obvious. However, Washington's legacy as the country's greatest hero during and following his life, legitimizes his presumptive claims and restrained ethical suggestions."
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Trusts Law: The Pension Protection Fund, 2006.
A look at the argument that the pension protection fund is simply an unnecessary burden on properly funded and effectively managed pension funds.
4,220 words (approx. 16.9 pages), 17 sources, APA, $ 112.95
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Abstract
The Pension Protection Fund (PPF) was introduced by the Government under the Pensions Act 2004 in order to protect members of private sector defined benefit schemes whose firms become insolvent with insufficient funds in their pension scheme. This paper begins with background discussion on the overall operation of the U.K. pensions system in order to demonstrate the context within which the defined benefit occupational trust scheme, and thus the protection conferred by the PPF, operates. It then examines the origins of the fund amid a growing crisis of deficient pensions funds, before detailing how it operates in practice. The key arguments in support of the title statement are then discussed, and evaluated through consideration of measures that have been taken in order to alleviate any such unnecessary burdens.
Outline:
Abstract
Background
The Role of the Trust in Pensions and the Growing Pensions Crisis
The Origins and Operation of the Pension Protection Fund
The 'Burden' of the Pension Protection Fund
Easing the Burden
Conclusions: An 'Unnecessary' Burden?
From the Paper
"Occupational pension schemes are in almost all cases established in the form of a trust . There are a number of advantageous reasons for this. Firstly, the use of the trust instrument allows for a number of benefits in relation to tax liability; provided that the scheme is 'approved' by the Inland Revenue, the investments made using the trust fund are free from both income and capital gains taxation, whilst additional tax reliefs exist in respect of the contributions to the fund from both the employee and the employer . Secondly the trust represents a "cheap and flexible vehicle" , allowing a scheme to be established in any such way as the employer wishes; consequently allowing it to set the 'balance of power' over the fund in its favour."
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The American Health Care System, 2006.
A comparative analysis of health care systems across cultures, compared to the American health care system.
5,125 words (approx. 20.5 pages), 26 sources, APA, $ 128.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a historical perspective on the American health care system. It compares health care systems across various cultures and analyzes the current state of health care in America. The paper then describes three distinct measures to reform health care without resorting to socialized medicine. It looks at regulatory reform, quality improvements and mandatory immunization programs.
Table of Contents:
History Of American Health Care
Health Care Abroad
The Current Situation
The Cost Of Poor Quality
Good Medicine
Payin' And Suffering
Conclusion And Proposal
Appendices
From the Paper
"Health care in the United States didn't begin as the complex system we grapple with today. The first health care market worked very well- patients with very low expectations paid "doctors" for cures that didn't work. While this system was often less than ideal for patients, it was ideal from an economic point of view. This practice continued as doctors began to offer effective services to patients who developed an appetite for care that often exceeded their ability to pay. As the Great Depression fell upon America, hospitals began to suffer from patients' inability to pay for care. Desperate for relief, hospitals lobbied states for a way to ensure bills were paid. The creation of the first modern insurance company, Blue Cross, resulted . Originally, Blue Cross was a non-profit organization that simply paid the bills, without getting involved in what type of care was provided. Once doctors realized the benefits of this system- primarily, fast and complete payment of bills- the insurance industry began to grow. Soon, the practice was so popular that employees began demanding that their employers provide insurance benefits- a practice encouraged by the government in the form of tax benefits. This change in how care was paid for meant that the burden of health care costs shifted from the general population to the government. In the years after World War II, the United States experienced dramatic leaps in medicine. In the 1960's, the US saw a major change in how health care dollars are spent when Medicare and Medicaid began . Since that time, the US has seen a rise in the percentage of health care dollars spent by the government from 24% in the 1960s to 60% in the 1990s. Including tax subsidies for health insurance, 51% of health care spending in the US is done by government- and paid for by taxpayers."
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| Term Paper # 97809 |
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| Term Paper # 97370 |
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U.K. Utilities Privatization, 2007.
This paper analyzes the competition strategies of U.K. utilities under privatization.
9,835 words (approx. 39.3 pages), 31 sources, APA, $ 200.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that competition among utilities is believed desirable because it promotes the interests of consumers and enables the competing companies to benefit fully from cost reduction and innovation. The author points out that public administration, especially of public utilities, functions as a business; therefore, the climate of competition in the U.K. utilities, which was ushered in by privatization, is tempered by sector-specific regulation. The paper relates that, for 15 years or more, almost all of the major utilities in the U.K. have been under private control and subject to these sector-specific regulations and to concurrent competition powers; however, the degree of competition varies by market.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Competition Theory and Practice
Privatization of UK Utilities
Competition Act 1998
Privatization of Telecommunications
Electricity
Gas
Water and Sewerage
Railways
Airport Services
Change of Rules
Price Cap Policy
Conclusion and Perspectives
From the Paper
"When the government privatized British Gas in 1986, the program did not follow the US model on both gas and telecommunication liberalization. The reason is that BG was a vertically integrated state-owned monopoly that was unique in UK. BG was first persuaded to detach its natural monopoly network from its affiliated services that could stand competition, such that the company was divided into the monopoly and competitive parts. At first, the relationship between BG and the assigned industry regulator was turbulent because of an oversight on the government's part."
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Fiscal Management in Mental Health Administration, 2007.
An evaluation of the issues and solutions related to fiscal management in mental health administration.
3,095 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the fiscal management issues of mental health administration. It particularly focuses on issues related to agency development and planning, budgeting and funding, assessment and evaluation and problems and restrictions. After assessing the related issues, the paper provides some solutions to the problems that may be encountered in the fiscal management of mental health administration.
Table of Contents:
Development and Planning
Budgeting and Funding
Assessment and Evaluation
Problems and Restrictions
Answers and Solutions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This paper failed to include fiscal management issues surrounding advertising and marketing. As in business, a delighted patron is the finest advertisement an agency can have; on the other hand, a discontented patron can quickly damage an agency's character. Mental health administrators must always carefully select their merchandise and their shoppers because place, price, and production mean everything when marketing services."
"Mental health administrations must always be future oriented in order to survive. They must engage in fund raising campaigns, compete for grants, and pressure politicians to create new mental health programs and policies. Such measures require self-assured advocacy. After all, an agency will only be as successful as the atmosphere within."
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"Cretan City", 2006.
An analysis of Plato's views on government, elections and public accountability as described in his work "Cretan City."
1,820 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes Plato's ideas on the creation of an ideal state and government. It looks at his work, "Cretan City." The paper specifically discusses Plato's views on elections and public accountability and applies it to the scenario in the modern Philippines. The paper also discusses the systemic failures of society and the Constitution.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Election
Accountability of Public Officers
From the Paper
"In light of the recent moves to amend our Constitution, an examination of Plato's thoughts on the creation of an ideal state is more relevant than ever. In this day and age, politicians and power-mongers feed on their ability to abuse their positions, the law and even society. And yet, an even bigger problem is the inability of society to prevent that from happening. We sit back and moan about the follies of our leaders, or the inequities that we see everyday on the street and yet, we remain entrenched in the very slothfulness that allows precisely these things to happen."
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The Shift to Biofuels, 2007.
A discussion on the ecological, economic and political issues surrounding the shift to biofuels.
2,313 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the question whether or not governments should mandate the shift to biofuels. To address this issue, the paper discusses various related issues such as the role of governments in the expanded use of biofuels. The author argues in favor of governments mandating the shift to biofuels because of their authority, influence, clout and moral responsibility towards controlling and regulating the challenging shift to biofuels.
Outline:
Introduction
Biofuel Defined
The Role of Governments in the Expanded Use of Biofuels
Ecological & Economic "Ripple Effects"
Further Consequences to Mass Shift to Biofuels
Arguments For/or Against Mandating the Shift to Biofuels
Summary
From the Paper
"The impact of biofuel is extensive. With biofuel costing less than fuel derived from traditional sources (Matthews, 2007), their production and use allow countries to save in their petroleum imports and strengthen their energy security by becoming less dependent on foreign oil. Biofuel is also environment friendly as these fuels do not release toxic gas that lead to global warming and greenhouse effect. The production of biofuel also creates income and labor opportunities especially in developing countries (Matthews, 2007; Abano, 2007). This could subsequently lead to poverty alleviation and food security as more people will have jobs and money to buy food (Northoff, 2004). As the production of biofuels can be tailored to the environment of different countries, its production can be cost effective given the local sourcing of raw materials. Similarly, this diversifies agricultural and forestry production for use in a lucrative industry such as alternative fuel production (Northoff, 2004).
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Employee Safety, Health and Welfare Laws, 2007.
A review of the Health Insurance Portability Act (HIPPA), the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) and unemployment Compensation.
2,227 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses a number of policies and government-mandated regulations that have worked to shape the employment environment. The paper presents information on the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, th Family and Medical Leave Act, and unemployment compensation by which employers must abide.
Outline:
Abstract
Employee Safety, Health, and Welfare Laws
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
Family and Medical Leave Act
Unemployment Compensation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Pre-existing condition refers to any medical condition that has been diagnosed or a condition for which symptoms were prevalent that would have caused the average person to seek medical care. Prior to HIPPA, pre-existing exclusions for coverage were used by many employer group coverage plans and insurance companies to limit the ability of employees to be covered by available policies. "HIPPA limits these exclusions to pre-existing conditions for which medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care was recommended or received with the six month period ending on one's enrollment date. One's enrollment date is one's first day of coverage, or if there is a waiting period, the first day of one's waiting period; typically, one's date of hire" (Employee Benefits Security Administration, 2004, page or para #). If one's condition does not meet the preceding requirements, one's condition cannot be excluded due to a pre-existing condition. The six-month time frame may be shortened if one is covered under a HMO or as determined by state law. On the other hand, state law is not permitted to increase the six-month period."
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The Draft, 2007.
This paper argues that the U.S. government might have to return to the draft as a means of maintaining its military power.
1,230 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, since end the draft in 1973 after the Vietnam War, the U.S. has relied upon an all-volunteer military force. The author points out that, with the all-volunteer force now engaged in on-going wars in several countries, the military is spread thin and recruiting and retention of new troops is difficult; therefore the country will eventually have to re-instate the draft. The paper reviews the attitude of politicians toward the return of the draft system, methods of extending military service that are de facto conscription and the lowering of requirements by military branches of service in an attempt to meet their requisite numbers. The paper includes long quotations.
From the Paper
"In an effort to bolster numbers, the Army has taken measures such as raising the maximum age limit for enlistment from 34 to 41 years old. The Army has relaxed other rules allowing maximum body fat to be higher, tattoos to be exposed in uniform, more recruits can enter with serious criminal records, and they can also have waivers for more medical conditions. The relaxed requirements are now becoming common among all branches, as a means to attract the people that they need to fill the spots that are required for America's thin-running military."
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Nonprofit Organizations, 2006.
A review of nonprofit organizations serving the disabled sector.
2,256 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper draws upon the social services sub sector, specifically outlining the subfield of disabilities. The paper looks at the history of nonprofit organizations serving children and adults who have developmental and physical disabilities. The paper discusses the types of services they provide, sources of funding, their missions, how they were founded and the importance of parental involvement in these organizations. The paper focuses on two specific nonprofit organizations, 'The Arc' and 'Adults and Children with Learning and Developmental Disabilities' (ACLD).
Outline:
Nonprofit Organizations: Breakdown of Sub sectors
Growth of Nonprofits Serving the Disabled
ACLD
The Arc
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Arc is a 501c(3) nonprofit, tax-exempt corporation and is supported from its membership, fundraising, and donations from corporations and individuals. Special projects are sometimes supported by government or foundation grants. The local chapter of The Arc is located in Essex County in Livingston New Jersey. Their budget is $17 million a year. Most of their budget comes from government grants, which provide $15 million. The rest of the money comes from private contributions, membership dues, foundations and trusts, program fees, and fundraising. According to their report for the 2001-2002 fiscal year, fundraising raised $370,000. Their major fundraiser was The Arc Annual Golf Classic, which raised $60,000 and the Candle Lighters Campaign which raised 91,000."
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PRWORA & Welfare, 2006.
A review of the Personal Responsibility Work Opportunity and Reconciliation Act (PRWORA).
4,007 words (approx. 16.0 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 108.95
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Abstract
This paper shows research from several state welfare systems. It demonstrates which states benefited and suffered from the passage of the PRWORA in terms of welfare to work requirements. The paper demonstrates why this difficulty occurred and proves that this legislation created unbalanced federalism because many states have different requirements of welfare recipients, which makes it difficult for states to work together.
Outline:
Goals of the PRWORA
TANF Requirements
State Powers
From the Paper
"Besides New York, many other states went through hardships after the PRWORA was implemented. For example, Texas has no state general relief program, and in 2000 its TANF benefit level was the fifth lowest in the United States (above only Louisiana, Tennessee, Mississippi, and Alabama). Time limits in Texas also differ from other states. Texas is the only state with a tiered system of time limits that include 12-, 24-, and 36-month limits, depending on their schooling and recent work experience. The 12-month tier is the lowest time limit in any state, though Florida and Massachusetts also have 24-month limits. Sanctions for noncompliance with work requirements are imposed swiftly and frequently in both Houston and El Paso. Though some other states have used the flexibility of TANF to impose full-family sanction policies, in Texas the penalty for failure to participate in the program affects the caretaker's portion of the total grant. Work noncompliance penalties amount to a maximum of $78 monthly for a single parent and $125 for a two-parent case. "
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Christian Ethics in Society, 2006.
A discussion regarding the conflict between the religious and those who believe in a strict separation between religion and the state.
1,316 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses the relationship between religion and the state in the USA. The paper focuses on the use of the social teachings of the Catholic Church. According to the paper, much of what is said in these teachings could apply to the social ethics of other mainline Christian churches as well as members of the Jewish faith.
From the Paper
"John Paul suggested that one of the greatest challenges in the world today is the need to overcome the pervasive individualistic mentality that fortifies many of the problems facing the world and the human community by replacing it with the "concrete commitment to solidarity and charity." The concepts of solidarity and charity seem to be particularly beneficial to fostering cooperation and equality in the American workplace where inequality among equally talented persons can be the rule rather than the exception. The pope sought a balance between the excesses of individualism and those of collectivist regimes. (139-42) His suggestion for a better, more just society can be defined this way: the best, most authentic development of the individual person is within the context of the individual exercising creativity, intelligence, and knowledge so that others, as well as the self, benefit."
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Separation of Church and State, 2007.
An analysis of the original concept behind the separation of Church and State in America.
1,113 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of the separation of Church and State, as applied in the United States today. The paper discusses the history of this concept and suggests that according to Thomas Jefferson, the concept was originally created in order to protect religion from government intervention, not the other way around. It discusses and presents other points of view that agree with this analysis.
From the Paper
"Next, we have Jefferson's view on the subject, which seems to be quite evident. Jefferson believed that this amendment was specifically put in place to protect the church for the state's governing. He believed that the government should never impose a state-wide religion that was mandatory by law. This was mainly to do because that's the main reason why they left England altogether, in order to be free form the king's religious laws. I think that if he saw prayer out of schools and other religious controversies he would be shocked. He would most likely be shocked that America's people are trying so hard to take God out of society especially when God was one of the main ideas this country was founded upon. I believe that eventually he would understand on some cases that yes, not everyone is a Christian and those that aren't don't want to be made to participate in the Christian practices; especially for the fact that he wouldn't want to be required to partake in a Muslim tradition or a tradition of any other religion for that matter. I'm sure that he wouldn't want to see things taken out of our society in which he helped place them there."
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