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Transportation Mobility and Older Adults, 2006.
This paper is a research proposal to study the effects of transportation on mobility of older adults.
1,640 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes to study where older adults tend to travel and how often public transportation is used, as well as where these individuals would like to travel, but are unable to due to lack of transportation. The author points out that research has shown that the availability of public transportation varies based on location and that, in rural and suburb areas, there often is no form of transportation other than private automobiles. The paper reports that the sample for this study will be volunteer men and women, 65 years and older, who ride public transportation in a non-urban region of central Minnesota. The paper states that the self-report questionnaire was developed by the author because other research has not included investigation of where the aged would have liked to travel if they had transportation. The paper includes a cover letter and the questionnaire.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Non-drivers
Use of Public Transportation by Older Adults
Gender and Ethnicity
Methodology
Sample
Procedure
Instrument
Analysis
Tentative Time Line
Appendix: Consent Form
Appendix: Survey
From the Paper
"Troubles accessing public transportation vary from person to person. One in five women Latinas reported transportation problems, while one and ten African American women reported problems accessing public transportation.However, only 5% of white women reported problems with accessing public transportation. However, the number of women drivers is expected to increase in the next 30 years. Only 67% of women had driver licenses in 1997 but by 2012 it is predicted that 90% of women will have driver licenses."
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Transportation Problems of Older Adults, 2007.
This paper discuses current barriers and possible solutions to public transportation for older adults in the US.
2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, with the aging of the baby boom generation, the number of people needing to travel will put more pressure on transportation services. The author points out that declining health and finances can lead to a cessation or limitation in driving. The paper relates that the cessation of driving may lead to social isolation, which is linked strongly to premature death; however, having access to public transportation can lead to a higher levels of satisfaction with quality of life. The author underscores that most aging individuals do not use public transportation because of accessibility, unreliable arrival times, difficulties with learning to use public transportation, fear of being attacked and problems with lighting and steps. The paper highlights the availability of government funding to expand and improve public transportation for the handicapped and aged, but urges that more is needed.
From the Paper
"On the other hand, there are approximately seven million adults over the age of 65 that do not drive, with women making up the majority of non-drivers. Women tend to stop driving more than men of the same age. According to Bailey (2004), more than 50% of individuals 65 and older, who do not drive stay home because they lack transportation options. Non-drivers only average about 1.5 trips per day, while drivers tend to make 4 trips in one day. Furthermore, older non-drivers average 15% fewer trips to the doctor, 59% fewer shopping trips, and 65% fewer social trips."
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Public International Law, 2006.
This paper discusses the enforceability and influence of public international law.
1,083 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 22 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that international law first emerged as a system of rules to govern relations between sovereign countries. The writer notes that amongst its many functions, international law serves to facilitate trade between nations, avoid conflict, and offer protection for citizens worldwide. It is argued by critics that International law is not 'real' law because, as distinct from national law, it lacks a well-defined and structured legal system. This essay addresses the fundamental elements of sovereignty, legislature, police, and courts, and their applicability to public international law in general. By examining these key elements, it is shown that in comparison to national law, international law is weak, ineffective, and not really 'law'.
Outline:
Introduction
Who Rules International law?
The Creation of International Laws
The Enforcement Debate
Non-Compulsory Courts?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In International law, all states are sovereign and as such are equal in theory. However, it can be considered that in today's International legal system the major players are western nations, most notably America. It is probable that these countries exert more of an influence on the world stage than smaller nations, effectively making the international legal system unequal. In a national legal system, the sovereign is generally well defined. However, International law has no such structure, and lacks a sovereign. The sharing of sovereignty between states is a weakness of the international legal system that is generally not found in national legal systems."
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Governance in Australia, 2006.
A discussion of who provides the actions and systems of governing which make up governance in modern society.
2,254 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the criticisms of bureaucracy and focuses on hierarchical organisation, disobedience, rule-dominated structure, fragmentation and impassiveness. It begins with a brief summary of the market, community and bureaucratic models of governance. It then applies the models of market and community governance in order to examine the ability of these alternatives to address the criticisms of bureaucracy. Finally, the paper illustrates that where the bureaucratic model fails, an alternative model accounts for its shortcomings.
From the Paper
"Whilst the bureaucratic form of governance has many criticisms, this essay has used the market and community models to provide alternatives to this failure. Of the bureaucratic criticisms of hierarchical organisation, rule-dominated structure and fragmentation, it was shown that the market model could address these issues. The community model also offers alternatives, providing solutions to the bureaucratic criticisms of disobedience and impassiveness. However, despite the increasing movement in modern society to the alternatives of market and community, the bureaucratic model still exists and plays an important role in regulating activity in the alternative models. Particularly between the models of bureaucracy and market, there has been a shift towards a combination of models to structure organisations. Although bureaucracy is often criticised for its failures, both the alternative market and community models also have failures of their own. This illustrates that where one model may fail in its organisational structure, there is an avenue for the alternative models to correct this failure."
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Thomas Jefferson and Franklin D. Roosevelt, 2006.
An analysis of the federal government and the U.S. Constitution during the presidencies of Thomas Jefferson and Franklin D. Roosevelt.
1,582 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a background and analysis of the United States federal government and the role of the Constitution during the presidencies of Thomas Jefferson and Franklin D. Roosevelt. The paper then discusses the similarities and differences between these respective Presidents and the contributions that they made to the history of the nation. It also briefly describes the roles of the Constitution and presidencies and how their perceptions have changed over the years.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
The Role of the Presidency and the Constitution
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The research showed that Thomas Jefferson and Franklin Delano Roosevelt are widely regarded as two of the most important and influential presidents in United States history. The research also showed that these accolades are not without substance, and both of these individuals made enormous contributions to the nation's future and in Roosevelt's case, its very survival. In terms of their respective influence on the role of the Constitution in American life, both of these presidents made significant contributions to the manner in which judicial activism has emerged to help balance the other two branches of the government, but these efforts were in diametrically opposite directions during their two administrations. In reality, though, the times were also diametrically different and it is reasonable to posit to if they had been forced to trade places in time, each of these great American leaders might have responded differently, with Jefferson adopting some of FDR's philosophies about the need for a strong federal government and Roosevelt recognizing the importance of maintaining the sovereignty of the several United States."
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Power, Leadership, and Strategy, 2007.
This paper discuses that a combination of power, leadership and strategy must be implemented when effectively addressing community or public problems.
910 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that power brings about social and economic change, leadership needs to be effective to bring about such change and strategy uses the two to implement the changes that are needed. The author points that the relevance of power was recognized by such great community leaders as Dr. Martin Luther King and Saul Alinsky, who would mobilize communities to tackle local issues and problems. The paper stresses that many times people in public and community service are leery of government involvement in their projects or programs; however, such involvement can be extremely beneficial because the government can assist with funds or implementation of programs that may promote community and neighborhood development.
From the Paper
"Effective leadership is the key to accomplishing stated goals when effectively addressing public and community issues. Utilizing existing leadership from local community associations is an efficient and useful method of accomplishing change within the community. Such leaders must be assessed as to their leadership characteristics and strengths within the community. Leaders should be questioned as to what group they are associated with and what the leadership role is within this organization; how they have impacted the community as a whole, beyond their membership in the group;..."
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Poverty in the United States, 2007.
This paper discuses the phenomenon of poverty in the United States, which is not new and is increasing.
1,020 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, alarmingly, the number of individuals living in poverty in the U.S. has grown, even during the economic boom of the 1990s, and has become more diverse now including families with children and single women. The author points out that the working poor may be unaware that they may be eligible for various types of aid such as food stamps. The paper relates that there has been no clear solution to this problem; however, some programs, such as the one in Los Angeles, which include social development skills, are producing results. The author stresses that these social programs, which bring together the public sector, nongovernmental agencies and local businesses and corporations, have been successful in other countries and should be implemented by the federal government to address the homeless situation in this country.
From the Paper
"Welfare reform has played a large part in leaving families in the lurch. The Welfare Reform Act of 1996 is officially called the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996. One of its stipulations was that no one could receive welfare for more than any five years in total, however, as indicated, each state could either adopt the new federal rules or use the money allotted for this program for non-welfare agendas. Additionally, it required recipients to participate in work activities for a certain number of stipulated hours per week."
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The American Medical Association, 2007.
This paper discusses the American Medical Association and provides an analysis of the activities of organization's political action committee.
1,500 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the American Medical Association (AMA) first arose as a loose association of medical professionals and scientists in 1847. The writer points out that the group was intended to increase the standards of medical and biological education in North America, but was considered both impractical and utopian by many. The writer then looks at the mission of the organization today and discusses the political action committee's activities. The writer maintains that from Medicare to animal testing to malpractice insure, the AMA and the American Medical Association political action committee, which are, for all intents and purposes, one in the same, have served their beneficiaries as well as possible, through lobbying and outward pressure. The writer concludes that their methods may have brimmed over the line of constitutionality at points, but that should not mar the AMA's record because, as a political action committee, it has done all in its power to legally and persuasively enact legislature to assist America's doctors.
From the Paper
"Current president of the AMA, Ronald M. Davis, gave a speech in 2005, which highlighted the organization's illustrious history more than any political or economic agendas. At Smith Davis's initial meeting, over two hundred and fifty delegates from twenty-eight states voted to elect Nathanial Chapman the organization's first president. His first actions included those that would be deemed necessary by burgeoning doctors; the condemnation of secretive and patent medicine, which robbed business, and the establishment of a code of medical ethics and the world's first Committee on Medical Ethics to enforce the doctrines. By the end of the nineteenth century, the groundwork had been laid for the organization's present political sphere of influence."
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Solar Renewable Energy, 2007.
A brief overview of solar energy technology and how to maximize the efficiency of a system using government incentives.
908 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the use of solar power could free us from hazardous gases emitted by fossil fuel combustion. It looks at how photovoltaic technology takes the energy of the sun and directly converts it into electricity and how PV's are found in navigational buoys, calculators, yard lights, watches, electric fencing, streetlights, and irrigation pumps. The paper contends that because energy from the sun is free and readily available unlike fossil fuels, we can set up an affordable system that will provide free electricity for our basic needs at an initial cost comparable to alternative forms of energy.
From the Paper
"A solar-thermal system collects the sun's energy and uses it to heat liquids. The heated liquid can be used to generate steam, which can then be used to turn turbines for electrical power. The steam can also be used for heat. In California, approximately 350 megawatts of power are produced by solar-thermal plants in the Mojave Desert. A well designed solar-thermal system in a home can reduce the cost of energy by as much as 85 percent and pay for itself in approximtely five years. Solar-thermal power releases no pollution and creates no waste, however in order for this system to operate, a lot of sunlight is required. "
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Homelessness in America, 2007.
This paper discuses the problem and possible solutions to homelessness in America.
2,280 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper stresses that the average American's innate intolerance of the homeless, which assumes that all homeless people got themselves into this situation and should get themselves out of their problem, does as much injustice as the public policies surrounding the issue. The author points out that the self-perpetuating stereotype of the scary, dangerous homeless man overshadows the more legitimate cases of mental patients put on the street because of the reduced funding of mental hospitals or women with children who fled horrendous family circumstances. The paper concludes that better long-term solutions to the homeless situation at the local rather than national level, such as much more low-cost permanent housing, require active observation and understanding of the causes of homelessness.
From the Paper
"In the thirty year span between 1955 and 1985, homelessness resurfaced as a major national problem. Low-income housing and Single-Room-Occupancy hotels were down 95 percent. By the 1980s, the social safety net dramatically decreased, "wages began to decline" and "the problem of homelessness skyrocketed to the top of the public policy agenda in most urban areas". The unemployment rate in the United States jumped from 5.8 percent to 9.6 percent. Rent increased 190 percent around the nation. At the same time, population increased 150 percent in this thirty year span."
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The Conservatives, 2004.
An examination of the actions of conservatives in a one-hundred-year war on progressive, liberal, and leftist causes.
11,397 words (approx. 45.6 pages), 47 sources, APA, $ 223.95
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Abstract
This paper illuminates the consistency of the war on progressive, liberal, and leftist causes and its impact on the application of public administration, including conservatives' dismantling of the politics-administration dichotomy and the progressive ideals of the New Public Administration. It argues that conservatives have won the battle of reality shaping and imposed their ideology as the dominant narrative in America. Counter-narratives face a daunting task in shifting the paradigm. It also discusses how today, the extremes within this movement barely feel the need to operate within the constraints of the Constitution.
Outline:
Purpose
No One Left
Understanding the Right
American Right Wing Timeline
The Demonization of Liberalism and the Living Liberals Who Espouse It
The Right-Wing Propaganda Machine
What Is Liberalism?
The Triumphs of Liberalism
Labor Movement
The Red Scare
Conservative Rhetoric and Bad Policies
The Right Race
Affirmative Action and the Conservative Realignment
Public Administration Theory and Practice - The Right Way
Final Thoughts
From the Paper
"The conservative ideological victory is nearly complete. After one hundred and fifty years of aggression toward liberal and progressive American causes, the conservative elites can almost claim victory, having thwarted efforts to establish an honest dialectic on wealth, class-based opportunity, and the confounding questions surrounding race. Today, the conservatives of America can launch illegal wars, record unprecedented deficits, restructure the tax code to favor the wealthiest Americans, and subvert even our most basic civil rights and liberties."
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Impact of AIDS, 2006.
This paper discusses the impact of AIDS on the gay community, in particular during the Reagan years.
1,264 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that HIV infection represents among the most pressing public-policy and public-health problems worldwide. The writer points out that in July of 1982, the disease was renamed AIDS, or acquired immune deficiency syndrome. The writer remarks that since then, the disease's origins, the factors affecting it, the causes behind it, the symptoms arising from it, the groups at risk from it and the practices leading to it have been widely and comprehensively researched. Further, the writer notes that despite painstaking efforts and billions of dollars spent on research and despite the numerous drugs created to control and relieve its various symptoms, there is still no cure for it. The writer maintains and discusses that many blame the delayed political response and lack of acknowledgment by the Reagan administration for the lack of control over AIDS.
From the Paper
"Since the first AIDS cases were reported in 1981, through mid-1994 more than 402,000 AIDS cases, and more than 241,000 deaths have been reported in the United States alone. It is estimated that nearly 1 million Americans had been infected with the virus through the mid-1990s, but had not yet developed clinical symptoms. In addition, although the vast majority of documented cases have occurred in the United States, AIDS cases have also been reported in almost every country in the world.
HIV infection and AIDS represent among the most pressing public-policy and public-health problems worldwide. Concerted efforts are under way to address the problem at many levels, and they offer hope for successful strategies to combat HIV-induced disease."
"HIV infection and AIDS represent among the most pressing public-policy and public-health problems worldwide. Concerted efforts are under way to address the problem at many levels, and they offer hope for successful strategies to combat HIV-induced disease."
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The Presidential Pardon Power, 2006.
This paper discusses the media's criticism of the use of the presidential pardon.
1,121 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the criticism and support major newspapers have given toward the use of the presidential pardon. The paper discusses how newspapers focus on the unilateral power of the pardon, its inconsistency with the normal checks and balances structure, the effects of the pardon, differing interpretations of the Framer's intent and potential external influences on the decision-making process involved.
From the Paper
"The unilateral nature of the pardon power gives the President certain privileges that also raise many concerns. The President may exercise executive privilege in regards to providing any information, counsel, or notes that are part of the decision making process using the exemption to the Freedom of Information Act. Newspapers have criticized this practice stating that the public should have a right to this information. Also, critics argue that many of the documents are never viewed by the President and are gathered outside the White House (Bumiller, 2002). In more recent years, President George W. Bush has been criticized for not releasing information related to President Clinton's pardon of Marc Rich. The Bush administration's decision not to release the information was attacked by the major newspapers. Critics alleged it to be an attempt to protect the institution and preserve the unilateral nature of the power to pardon and the process involved (Savage, 2002)."
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The U.S. Civil Service, 2007.
This paper presents a historical overview of the U.S. civil service as an example of human resource management in public administration (PA).
3,540 words (approx. 14.2 pages), 31 sources, APA, $ 99.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the 1871 Civil Service Commission report on the spoils system, which stated its moral debase, led to the
Pendleton Act of 1883, which created a merit-based system of employment for federal employees. The author points out that, in an environment where Americans remain unenthusiastic about government service because of low pay and a cultural anti-government feeling, the challenges to the civil service system include finding quality employees, increasing accountability and promoting a more democratic bureaucracy in which citizen involvement is the norm. The author emphasizes that the values of public administration are the quest for efficiency, increased accountability, social equity, empowering citizens during the discourse phase and ethics with honest and open government.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Pre-Pendleton
Pendleton and the Growth of P.A.
Expanding Opportunity in Public Service
Now What
The Conservative Era and Civil Service
Civil Service in the 21st Century
Civil Service 2025
Conclusions
From the Paper
"NPR was one part of a larger organizational thrust by the Clinton administration. In 1993, Clinton/Gore passed the Government Performance and Results (GPR) Act. Clearly, the framing of the issues is indicative of the tenor of the times. The GPR mandated that each federal agency introduce a strategic plan by 1997. The effect of this measure was to limit organizations from being funded from year to year without accountability. Instead, each federal agency had to list outcomes and time lines in order to validate its existence."
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Health Care Systems, 2007.
A look at the arguments for remaining with the current American health care system.
1,460 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to demonstrate how, despite all the recent hype, the current health care system is the one most appropriate for the United States. It looks at how once one considers geographic, demographic and cultural factors, it becomes clear that universal health care is not, and cannot be, a solution that is viable in the long-term for America. It also discusses how the current system provides superior care at superior cost and how it does so using uniquely American values.
From the Paper
"In addition, we should recognize that while universal health care might have institutional value in countries with more socialized economies, the rugged individualism that has fueled American hegemony since World War II should not be so quickly brushed aside. At the end of the day, our country can be only as strong as our values, and we have, for as long as this country has existed, prioritized the capacity for Americans to self-rule, to be free to make decisions about how to run their lives, even if those decisions turn out not to be the best ones. We value that sort of liberty, because we recognize that each intervention, no matter how loving or enlightened it appears, paves the way for another intervention, and then another intervention, and so on, until that thing we called liberty is but a phantasm of what it once was. "
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