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The California School Nutrition Policy, 2007.
This paper investigates the California school nutrition policy for K-12 grades and recommends changes to that policy.
2,285 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 33 sources, APA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper stresses that foods and beverages consumed on school campuses are becoming increasingly unhealthy, which leads to increased blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes and obesity in students across the nation. The author points out that school nutrition programs, which frequently are accountable to district management to sustain their operations financially, are often at the mercy of fast food sales to generate these revenues. The paper suggests various programs by which California schools can help students understand the importance of making good food choices.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
School Changes
From the Paper
"For many years, school nutritional concerns consisted of making sure the students bought their lunch tickets each week and were sent through a lunch line where they were given a tray of something resembling food. One day might offer a scoop of mashed potatoes, heaped with gravy while the next day may provide macaroni lathered in cheese product. During those years parents, teachers and students accepted what was referred to as "cafeteria food" without complaint. In recent decades however, the focus has shifted to eating healthy nutritious foods for one's entire life ..."
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Controlling Urban Congestion, 2007.
This paper provides an analysis of data from London, Stockholm, and New York City in order to discuss variable pricing as a means for controlling urban congestion.
2,615 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that roadway congestion is a significant problem for nations with an active motorist population, especially in urban areas. The writer points out that traditional efforts to combat congestion have typically focused on increasing capacity through increases in roadway infrastructure. The writer then claims that research has shown, however, that these methods are ultimately ineffective for controlling congestion and its associated ills. Economists have long seen the value in associating usage costs with roadways in order to control congestion and encourage more efficient resource use. The writer relates that with technology finally catching up to this ideal, roadway-pricing schemes are becoming more popular in cities throughout the world. The writer concludes that a consideration of the pros and cons of pricing strategies implemented in London and Stockholm, and proposed in New York City, reveals that while there is still significant political and public resistance, the strategies are effective at achieving their stated goals.
Outline:
Introduction
The Myriad Negative Effects of Persistent Congestion
Why Congestion Continues Despite Increased Expenditures on Highway Infrastructure
Variable Congestion Pricing as a Viable Solution
Schemes to Alleviate the Problem of Urban Congestion
London: a System at Work
Stockholm: a Seven-Month Experiment Ready for Implementation
New York City: Public and Political Resistance
Schemes for Controlling Roadway Congestion
Analysis of the Costs and Benefits
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Congestion, both in urban centers and on connecting highways, has become a major problem for the transportation networks of cities throughout the world. In the world's major metropolises, the issue has become particularly acute, with congestion having profound negative effects on air quality, travel time, the cost of goods and services, and the general livability of cities. Congestion problems are literally becoming a liability for these cities. As the pressure of congestion increases, the capacity of a given city to function effectively is greatly diminished, resulting in hidden and overt costs for individuals, businesses, and public resources. The net effect, then, of congestion has been consistently deleterious."
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American Public Health System, 2007.
An analysis of the improvements to American public health in the period between the Civil War and World War II.
3,164 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an in-depth look at American urban history as it pertains to public health concerns. It focuses on the period between the Civil War and World War II. It particularly looks at the history of public health in New York City, Chicago, Newark and Seattle and how conditions have been improved in these cities to improve the overall public health of the citizens.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Past
New York City
Chicago
Newark
Seattle
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In Seattle, for example, the city implemented something called a Chlorine Boat. It was a boat that traveled on Green Lake and deposited gallons of chlorine into the water in effort to purify the water supply to that area. At that time the Seattle Health Department and Water Department worked in tandem to try and provide the purest water supply possible in the interest of public health. For many years before World War II Seattle allowed the Public Health Department to supervise and monitor the water supply."
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American Health Care Managers, 2007.
This paper discusses the state of the American healthcare system and the challenges faced by health care managers.
1,460 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that inequalities in the American healthcare system present a number of challenges to American health care managers. The paper explains that health care managers manage the state of affairs and day-to-day operations of this extremely complex system. The paper discusses their problems that include universal access to healthcare for all Americans, use of modern technology in every aspect of healthcare, universal insurance coverage for all Americans, adequate staffing in all urban and rural areas and lastly, communication with the patient so as to attain consumer satisfaction on a daily basis.
From the Paper
"Current trends show that the American healthcare system has been consistently on the decline. A gloomy picture depicted by World Health Organization (WHO) is a mere reflection of the current state of affairs. For instance, in 2000, a pioneering WHO report, which assessed healthcare systems of each and every country, positioned American healthcare system at 37 squeezed in the middle of Costa Rica, at number 36, and Slovenia, at number 38 (Lander, 2000). This rapid decline has been taking place despite the fact that America's health care expenditures are by far the largest amongst the 191 members of W.H.O."
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Global Warming, 2007.
An look at global warming from the lay person's perspective.
2,392 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper gives a detailed examination of global warming, including how it developed as an issue. The author also attempts to establish the validity of global warming, and to understand whether the average lay individual believes in this theory. The paper then examines the controversy and debate about global warming in light of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other powerful organizations' declarations that global warming is a possible severe risk to the world. This analysis looks to analyze how lay individuals see the debate and concludes by testing their understanding of global warming.
Outline:
Introduction
Background Understanding
Survey
Interview
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Overall the interview process revealed no real surprises. The majority of individuals who actually believe in global warming do so because of media influence. Their understanding of global warming as a specter of danger rather than concrete scientific definition is extremely disturbing. It is also an accurate picture of the reality of the American public's perception of global warming. Only a very small slice of the pejorative population actually understands the facts behind global warming. Upon understanding these facts, few are inclined to completely thrust themselves into the mainstream understanding of the dynamics of the greenhouse effect and how such an effect will cause dramatic damage to the Earth. Through this interview and the survey, a vivid and diverse picture of global warming and its actual understanding on the populace has been painted."
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Fluoridated Water, 2007.
An analysis of the risks and benefits of consuming fluoridated water.
881 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the benefits of water fluoridation. It begins by describing the controversy surrounding fluoridating water and some of the potential health risks associated with consuming fluoridated water. It then goes on to describe the benefits that have been seen in countries where fluoridated water is used, particularly in the realm of pediatric dental health.
From the Paper
"The April 2000 Journal of Dental Research states that the use of fluoride over the past 4 decades has been the primary factor in saving up to $40 billion in oral health care costs in America. Children living in areas without fluoridated water are 3 times more likely to have dental decay. Left untreated, decay can lead to tooth loss, malocclusion, and even the need for dentures later in life."
"Clearly, fluoridated water prevents tooth decay. Years of research prove the benefits of fluoride far outweigh any possible side effects. Children lose when fluoride is removed from the public water. The most vulnerable are from low-income areas where they have no other preventative advantages. Opponents argue that fluoridated water is a forced medicine on the public. On the contrary, fluoride is a naturally occurring mineral used to prevent dental decay. Children should be the main consideration in the fluoridation fight. The water should remain fluoridated for them."
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Homeland Security, 2007.
An analysis of the role of homeland security in the United States during Hurricane Katrina.
2,271 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses homeland security in the United States. It particularly discusses the impact of the signing of the Homeland Security Act in 2002, especially focusing on its role following Hurricane Katrina. The paper criticizes the slow response from homeland security and especially FEMA with regards to Hurricane Katrina. It then suggests possible solutions for avoiding such future tragedies.
From the Paper
"Finally, the most important aspect of the post Katrina analysis is the role FEMA was supposed to play in organizing and coordinating the relief operations. Generally speaking, people tend to search for the guilt inside the authority chain and to consider them responsible for every major negative event. However, in this particular case, FEMA had been especially designed for emergency cases such as Katrina; it may be that no one could have been aware of the magnitude of the disaster to come, but the slow response from this specialized agency is yet to find an excuse. The 2006 report analyzing its activities during the hurricane pointed out that the agency had "lacked clear leadership between FEMA headquarters and the disaster sites, had operated under outdated or inadequate response plans, had needed better-trained or more experienced employees, and was unable to get a clear picture of emergencies as they unfolded." (Associated Press, 2006) Therefore, the blame fell on the authorities, but, even so, little can be done today to bring back what was destroyed in the floods."
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Homeland Security, 2007.
This paper examines the importance of a national strategy for disaster management in the United States.
2,994 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the importance of a coherent national strategy for preventing terrorist attacks and reacting to natural and human disasters. The paper discusses the role of the emergency manager in the Department of Homeland Security. The paper explains that 9\11 events have made people aware of the necessity to improve common actions and to develop a secure and efficient system of communication among all sectors. The paper concludes that although the actions taken in the name of homeland security are not always flawless, they are needed to ensure the safety and care of the population.
From the Paper
"The world has changed in recent decades and the threats to homeland security are redefined, having become more and more unpredictable. The new terrorism practiced by extremist movements, which target civil objectives around the globe, has raised the level of awareness from the part of national authorities, taking into consideration the fact that the number of civil casualties is on a continuous rise. This is why a coherent national strategy for preventing terrorist attacks and reacting to natural and human disasters is essential, especially for a country such as the United States. From this perspective, and in the light of the 9\11 events, the 2002 Homeland Security Act set the legal basis for the Department of Homeland Security."
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"Flat Broke With Children"--A Review, 2007.
A review of Sharon Hayes' seminal work on poverty "Flat Broke With Children: Women in the Age of Welfare Reform."
2,042 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This review of "Flat Broke With Children: Women in the Age of Welfare Reform" by Sharon Hayes describes this work as a cry for change in the ways that America views poverty, motherhood, welfare and work. In particular, the review describes how Hayes sees welfare as a controversial topic because it seems to go against core American values. The review considers current welfare reform, and how it ultimately harms mothers and children. Although Hayes favors welfare reform, she believes it must include job training for employment that provides a good salary and that process of weaning someone from welfare must be gradual. The review concludes that there must also be a national acknowledgment of the need for some collective concern for the common good and the future of the nation's children who are the silent victims of so-called welfare reform.
From the Paper
"Also, the fact that so many single women with children are on welfare in the United States further contradicts the nation's self-perception as a nation of strong 'family values' where the nuclear family is the norm. The United States wishes to see itself as a compassionate nation that loves children, but to support children and single mothers with welfare with what are seen as 'free handouts' makes many people angry, even if they have little sense of the people receiving such social support. Theoretically, according to the national myth, such single, needy mothers and children should not exist--the father should be the breadwinner."
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Universal Health Care, 2007.
A presentation of a potentially new and improved universal health care system for the United States.
1,883 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the present state of the health care system in the United States. In an effort to improve that system, the paper defines what constitutes a better health care system, what would be included in that system and the role of the parties involved in the new system. It then looks at the political and sociological factors that would be involved in enacting the changes presented (as a universal health care system) and ultimately, summarizes this new, universal health care system.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Present State of United States Healthcare
Definition of a Better Health Care System
What is Included in a Better Health Care System
Role and Position of Payers, Purchasers and Providers in the New System
Political and Sociological Factors to Enact the Changes
Summary
From the Paper
"Politically, there needs to be a "crossing of the aisle" for those who are politically opposed to one another in the halls of Congress and Senate if the new system will ever happen because of the Federal role in financing, accounting, and administrating the new system. Perhaps most importantly, what the political officials need to understand is that this is an American, or more precisely human issue, rather than one that is associated with one political party or the other. A healthy population is best for everyone and should not be discarded for the sake of political wrangling, advantage, or the pursuit of power. If everyone in all political parties work together to allocate the necessary resources, then and only then can this system be born, grow and prosper over the long term (Nichols, 2003)."
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Disaster Evacuation Plans, 2007.
An outline of evacuation plans for various sorts of disasters.
1,062 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper highlights the necessity of a well-organized evacuation plan in the case of natural or other sorts of disasters. Mass evacuations and the different situations in which they are necessary are described. The author stresses the importance of proper information dissemination during evacuation and sheltering the evacuees. The paper concludes with warnings about looting during emergencies and the need for appropriate law enforcement.
Outline:
Introduction
Evacuation Procedures
Reference List
From the Paper
" Mass evacuation normally happens when a major threat to a certain community, building or anyplace were majority of the people therein are at risk. There are different types of mass evacuation namely pre-event evacuation, post-event evacuation, voluntary evacuation and mandatory evacuation. A pre-event evacuation occurs 'when the level of risk is uncertain while post-evacuation occurs if it has been assessed that the situation has been contained. On the other hand, voluntary evacuation happens when the people themselves choose to move out of their place, with or without instructions from the outsiders. A mandatory evacuation occurs when a lead agency imposes the people to leave the area (Mass Evacuation, 2006). "
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John Calvin, Thomas More & Niccolo Machiavelli, 2006.
A review of insights from John Calvin, Thomas More and Niccolo Machiavelli regarding the degree of separation between the Church and the State.
1,669 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the "arbiter" role that religion played to the government and civil society, as reflected in the works of the theologians John Calvin and Thomas More, and political scientist Niccolo Machiavelli. The paper reviews Calvin's "Conversion and Call to Geneva" and More's "Utopia," comparatively analyzing them against Machiavelli's "The Prince".
From the Paper
"Case in point shown in Machiavelli's discourse is the inability of Church leaders to help lead civil society towards betterment and improvement of its state, as Western history had shown. The Pope, as he pointed out, did not have the political power to govern his own clergy, which demonstrates the Pope's inability to govern a bigger number of people, such as civil society. Evidence of the Pope's inability to lead over his clergy is the tendency for cardinals to attempt to usurp each other's, and the Pope's, powers, for their self-promotion and the creation of factions even within the Church organization."
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Top Five US Presidents, 2006.
A subjective review of the top five US presidents.
1,779 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper relates the subjective opinion of the author, as to which of the US Presidents rated the top five. According to the paper, these five are Thomas Jefferson, Ronald Reagan, Dwight Eisenhower, Franklin Roosevelt, and George H.W. Bush. The paper goes on to justify the selection of the author.
From the Paper
"When he became the President in 1953, the US was bogged down in the stalemated Korean War. Some war hawks had expected Eisenhower, the soldier, to escalate the war. Instead, he did the opposite, promptly ending the war with honor. The 1950s were the peak of the Cold War era when nuclear confrontation between the US and the Soviet Union, was a very real possibility. Eisenhower was determined to avoid such a war at all costs, and he did so successfully. Like Reagan, Ike was also a great believer in delegation of powers to competent assistants as he realized that the job of a President had become far too complex for one individual to direct all its details. (Kengor, 1998). Because of his deliberate laid back style, Eisenhower was often erroneously regarded as a lazy, intellectual lightweight. Nothing could have been further from the truth. Just as the "proof of the pudding is in its eating," Ike's presidency "gave America eight good years during which there were no wars, no riots, no inflation--just peace and prosperity." (William Ewald, quoted by Kengor, 1998) His ranking at No. 3 is, therefore, well earned."
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Proposition 207 Arizona, 2007.
A discussion of Arizona's Proposition 207.
1,375 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of Arizona's Proposition 207 Private Property Rights Protection Act. The writer explores its elements and the advantages and disadvantages of its passage. The author concludes that Proposition 207 is a measure intended to protect landowners however its outcome remains to be seen.
Outline:
Introduction
What It Is
The Cons
The Pros
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The second element of land use and government action that Proposition 207 deals with is the area of regulations. In the past, if the government suddenly decided to declare a certain bird or tree or flower as protected, and that flower appeared on someone's land, that person was prohibited from the development of the land that the protected element was located on. What this means is before the passage of 207 if the government suddenly decided that a rose was protected, and land had natural roses growing on it the land could not be sold or developed as the owners would be government ordered to set aside that land as a natural preserve."
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Emergency Response Management, 2007.
Presents current views on disaster management, following the 9/11 terrorist attack and Hurricane Katrina.
1,305 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper considers current trends in emergency response management and mitigation in the wake of the 9/11 terrorist attacks and Hurricane Katrina. The author contends that the purpose of mitigation is to take the lessons of immediately past disasters and analyze the actions that occurred in the area of emergency management. The author further highlights several areas that affect competent disaster management. These include effective communication among all parties involved in the emergency response. Salient examples of failures from 9/11 and Katrina are presented. The author also argues that prevention is a necessary element of disaster management.
From the Paper
"One of the paramount concerns that has been proven time and time again is that there is a lack of clear goals for change on the part of local, state and federal officials. The simple fact that these and other entities must work together to solve problems, in a pre-disaster and post disaster circumstance also challenges the cause of the reduction of lost life and property. All of these complex issues in combination with the limited time that agencies and individuals have to respond in an emergency situation can make the situation far worse, creating a situation often contrary to the goal of reducing loss and risk. (Mileti, 2004, pg. 236) To solve this complex issue, communication is key and mitigating the communication plans including back up forms of communication and chain of command plans as essential to changing the ways in which an emergency manager deals with a potential or realized disaster. "
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