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Sustainable Development in the Philippines, 2008.
This paper discusses good governance for sustainable development in the uplands of the Philippines at the Western Mindanao State University (WMSU) Experimental Forest.
4,440 words (approx. 17.8 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 116.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that deliberate efforts on the part of the government or civil society to strengthen links between good governance initiatives and sustainable development objectives provide a viable framework for action that is founded on participatory mechanisms to mitigate effects of poverty, inequality and lack of access to basic services. The author points out that such mechanisms are essential in establishing a mutually accepted and respected strategic plan of action for a more sustainable utilization of the community's scarce resources. The paper relates that the primary objective of the Forest Land Use Plan is to allocate the one thousand two hundred twenty seven hectares of the Western Mindanao State University Experimental Forest to its most rational use in order to address prevailing issues concerning the sustainability of the forest.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Governance and Sustainability
Development in the Upland
Community-Based Resource Management at WMSU Experimental Forest
The Forest Land Use Plan
Good Governance and Sustainable Development in the Upland
Conclusion
Schematic Framework of Forest Land Use Planning (FLUP)Proposed Forest Land Use Map of the WMSU-EF
From the Paper
"With the delineation of the production and protection areas, existing land use map was superimposed to analyze propriety of the existing land uses with vis-a-vis land qualities or land characteristics. Based on this, various conflicting issues were noted as improper land use such as kaingin farming and related practices. Other areas of issues such as degraded lands, encroachment, illegal occupancy, protection of forest resources and socio-demographic problems due to increasing population in the area were also identified. From these, various options were developed by the TWG to address the different issues and conflicts."
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"Modernizing Government: The Way Forward", 2008.
A review of the book "Modernizing Government: The Way Forward". by the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
2,663 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the book "Modernizing Government: The Way Forward" has been able to provide a clear picture of the context of public sector modernization among OECD countries as it focuses on six key public sector reform levers--open government, enhancing public sector performance, modernizing accountability and control, reallocation and restructuring, use of market-type mechanism, and modernizing public employment. The paper looks at what capacities "modern governments" have to adopt to make them more responsive, transparent, and efficient. The paper then explains that the book essentially weaves a great deal of underlying theories on the dynamics of
public administration and governance, and integrating the same with emerging trends in practice among OECD countries. The paper also points out that although the book seems necessarily limited in scope as it arbitrarily focuses on the identified policy levers while leaving out other equally relevant dimensions of change, it is considerably successful, however, in providing a sound discussion of the underlying roles and interaction of governance and public administration within a whole-of-government perspective, and the changing modes by which governments manage the public sector in relation to new and emerging public assumptions and expectations of governments.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Overview and Structure of the Book
Discussion and Review
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The two-year review aimed to provide a contextual
understanding of important developments in public governance and the impact of reform initiatives among OECD countries with the objective of helping out equip for the future those involved in public governance policy. The book identifies levers for reform to modernize the public sector, and also presents an overview of public sector modernization over the last two decades.
"It begins its discussion by noting that over the past 20 years, significant
influx of new ideas and initiatives in the field of public management has transpired in OECD member countries. It stresses that the impetus for change came from the social economic and technological developments in the latter half of the 2oth century. It argues that while in some governments, fiscal stresses have sparked off the reforms; the underlying pressure for change came from the fact that governments have become out of step with the new and changing expectations of the societies that they serve."
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HIV/AIDS Mitigation, 2008.
This paper examines good governance in the prevention and mitigation of HIV/AIDS, specifically as evidenced in the HIV/AIDS program of Zamboanga City, a highly-urbanized city in the Philippines.
6,910 words (approx. 27.6 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 156.95
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Abstract
This paper stresses that stopping the spread of HIV/AIDS has to be made integral to any development endeavor aimed at improving the lives and well-being of citizens of the world. The author points out that the United Nations acknowledges that good governance has to be integrated into the creation and management of institutions, processes and programs aimed at beating the targets set forth in the "Millennium Declaration of 2000". The paper reviews and analyzes the present and future scenario of HIV/AIDS prevention and mitigation in the Philippines and identifies some elements of intervention needed to operationalize a strategy for good governance. The author underscores that the HIV/AIDS program of Zamboanga city is built around improved capacities for public administration and civil service, decentralization in delivery of services, transparency and accountability, expanded role of civil-society, and the centrality of participation grounded on the rule of law and human rights.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Conceptual Framework
Related Literature
Pro-Poor Policy Framework
Public Administration and Civil Services
Decentralization and Delivery of Services
Accountability and Transparency Situations and Context of HIV/AIDS in the Philippines
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
Socio-Economic Impact of HIV Aids
Participatory Approach
Cultural and Moral Dimensions
Grounding Development
Mobilizing the Cultural Resources
Key Lessons in Good Governance from the United Nations
Case in Point: Zamboanga City HIV/AIDS Program
Public-Civil Society Partnership
Organization and Management
Community-Oriented/ Community Based
Innovative Optimized Use of Infrastructure Support
Livelihood Assistance
Financial Resources
Lessons from HIV/Program Implementation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to the United Nations, a critical requisite for achieving the MDG's is a conducive and coherent policy framework. This involves first, the contextualization of the goals by each country, and down to identifying sectoral concerns and on to effective local responses. Responses and interventions to HIVAIDS entails a national policy framework that provides for effective decentralization of action and one that effectively coordinate implementation and resource mobilization as well as achieve a critical mass of support from the public in a much cost effective way. The policy framework to be pro-poor means, that it recognizes the social and economic implications of HIV/AIDS and seeks to integrate social and economic interventions to mitigate the spread of the infection and disease."
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Gardiner Expressway Removal, 2005.
An evaluation of the policy regarding the dismantling of the Frederick G. Gardiner Expressway in Toronto.
1,893 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Frederick G. Gardiner Expressway, known locally as "The Gardiner", which is an expressway that connects downtown Toronto to its suburbs in the west. The paper specifically discusses the economic, social and environmental effects that would exist if the expressway is dismantled according to various policy plans. The paper also looks at the reasons for the proposal, including the rejuvenation of the waterfront. The paper argues that dismantling the expressway would have negative economic, social, and environmental effects.
Table of Contents:
Problem Definition
Background and Policy Context
Policy Alternatives
Evaluation of Policy Alternatives
Recommendations
From the Paper
"Another negative impact that burying of the Gardiner Expressway will have is its influence on the natural ecosystems that are around and under the city of Toronto. Under the city, there are buried creeks and waterways that traverse and go out into the lake that have their origins in the Oak Ridges Moraine north of the city (The Toronto Star, 2000). The process of "dewatering" the areas where the buried Gardiner would situate would be detrimental to these buried creeks and their natural flow into the lake. As a result, these waterways could back up over the years and the rising groundwater could pose severe damage to existing infrastructures to the north of the expressway (The Toronto Star, 2000). There are other problems that are associated with digging up the soils that lie beneath the Gardiner Expressway. Contaminants could be present in the soil, and as a result these contaminants could pose a threat to the ecosystems that they would be placed in while construction is undertaken. Some of the lands where the Gardiner is situated on used to be industrial sites, which means some may still contain contaminants. The soil would have to be treated to get rid of the harmfulness before it is put back, which would cost the city money."
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The Lottery: Funding Education, 2006.
This paper discusses the lottery as a property tax alternative to fund education.
1,605 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 19 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the current taxation system used in Texas to raise monies for education has been ruled unconstitutional numerous times in a series of lawsuits over the past few decades. The author points out that proponents have pushed for the use of the lottery as a means of funding education for all students in many states. The paper relates that critics argue that using the lottery to fund education will only encourage unhealthy levels of gaming. The author underscores that many state lotteries contribute to the general state fund, which supports many programs not solely educational in nature, causing concern over the lottery truly supporting what it was designed to enhance. The paper concludes that the lottery is the only system that is viable enough to ensure that all Texans are taking ownership of providing appropriate educations for students from all socioeconomic levels.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Background
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The history of gaming and sweepstakes is lengthy in nature. Forms of lotteries have been in the context of our social environment since biblical times. The first known chance of winning actual money occurred in the 1530s during the reign of Queen Elizabeth in Italy; from here it sparked the privatization of lotteries for the nineteenth century with 15 percent of proceeds going to beneficiaries (Hills, 2003). According to Hill, in the late 1890s constitutions in 35 states were developed forbidding lottery operation due to concerns of morality, yet since 1985 more than $11 billion of supplemental funding has been raised in California for public schools."
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Asylum Policy in the EU, 2008.
This paper discusses the notion of safe third countries in the European Union.
4,464 words (approx. 17.9 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 116.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that France will take the presidency of the European Union (EU) from July to December 2008. Priorities during this period include a "common pact on immigration and asylum" , which aims towards a greater harmonisation in these fields, but which does not mention enforcing a better respect of human rights. The writer points out that this issue triggers questions about the role of the EU as a global player in the field of human rights. Indeed, asylum - which refers to the protection granted by a foreign country to a person persecuted for political opinions or religious beliefs in its own country - is per se linked to human rights. However, current EU policies tend to criminalize migrants trying to enter and settle in "Fortress Europe", disregarding their reasons for migrating. The writer discusses that a new trend has recently been development in the management of asylum procedures: third countries have been listed as "safe", which implicitly means that they should not produce refugees and therefore that nationals of such countries who would yet claim asylum might not been "genuine" refugees. One can then wonder why the EU implements such a principle and what are the consequences on the new asylum procedures, as far as human rights are concerned. In this essay, the writer focuses on the implementation of the principle of "safe third countries" in the EU and the criticisms it raises.
Outline:
INTRODUCTION
I. CURRENT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SAFE THIRD COUNTRY PRINCIPLE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
A. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON COMMON ASYLUM POLICIES AT EU LEVEL
1. International Legislation
2. EU Legislation
Before the Amsterdam Treaty (1999)
The Amsterdam Treaty
The Tampere Treaty and its Aftermath
The Hague Program (2004)
B. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON THE NOTION OF SAFE THIRD COUNTRIES
1. Justification of the Principle of "safe third country"
2. European Vision of Safe Third Countries
Uses of Safe Third Country Principle in Europe
II. CRITIC OF THE SAFE THIRD COUNTRY PRINCIPLE
A. LEGALITY OF SAFE THIRD COUNTRY LISTS
1. Human Rights Issues in "safe" Third Countries
2. A Breach in the Geneva Convention?
B. NEGATIVE IMPACTS AND COUNTER-ACTIONS TAKEN BY NGOS TO FIGHT AGAINST THIS PRINCIPLE
1. Consequences of the Implementation of Safe Third Countries Principle
In the "Old Europe": Decreasing Rates of Asylum Claims in France
A New Burden for Bordering Countries of the EU and EU's Neighbours
2. Counter-strike of NGOS: Case Forum Refugies vs. OFPRA
CONCLUSION
Bibliography
From the Paper
"To deal with asylum, it is necessary to remind some basic points of the Convention. Firstly, according to the 1951 Geneva Convention, to be granted refugee status, an asylum seek must lodge his/her claim in the State s/he wants to be recognize by, that is to say, s/he must have physical access to the territory of this State to start a procedure in which the validity of his/her claims can be assessed. Secondly, it is up to each State party to the convention to interpret the convention at its own discrepancy. Some States can be criticized for rejecting many asylum claims but that does not prove in itself a violation of the Convention, but rather a very strict interpretation. Thirdly, we need to remind ourselves that returning to their country of origin rejected asylum seekers and generally all irregular migrants not in need of protection is a difficult challenge. The procedures of detention, deportation and readmission have not been addressed by the 1951 Convention. Such measures depend on national or EU rules, but still should comply with international human rights standards. Both the overstaying and the removal of rejected asylum seekers create problems in terms of credibility and integrity of asylum systems. This is part of a wider debate on the balance of international cooperation and solidarity and control of migration fluxes."
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Modern Medicine as State or Corporate Medicine, 2007.
This paper asses whether modern medicine is state medicine or corporate medicine, citing examples from British and American history.
1,467 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer argues that the choice between state and corporate medicine is a relatively recent phenomenon. The writer notes that such a luxury sharply contrasts with the historical development of medical care, specifically during the nineteenth century in Britain and America, which sought, through the interventions of the state, to provide for the poor. From such a perspective, then, this essay posits that modern medicine is less about the choice between state and corporate provision than the foundations state medicine essentially helped create from which corporate medicine later benefited.
From the Paper
"Chadwick believed that many of the illness and diseases which inflicted the poor would be lessened or even eradicated. Importantly, the implication of the lawyer's report was that these measures could only be carried out by the state at a time when Britain subscribed to the creed of political economy, which held the laissez-faire state to be a paramount virtue. Yet following Chadwick's report, a Royal Commission on the Health of Towns was set up, which met between 1843 and 1845, leading to Liverpool creating the first sanitary authority in 1846 which spawned similar bodies elsewhere. By the time the Public Health Act of 1848 was passed the important role of the state was set in stone: a central government department was created as the General Board of Health; local sanitary authorities were invested with powers to coordinate municipal responsibilities; and a local inspection regime was also created that appointed medical health officers. Consequently, by 1853, 284 districts and 103 towns had applied to adopt the Public Health Act. But the crucial characteristic of the Act was that, while it did concede the importance of the role of the state, it did not make the adoption of the Act compulsory."
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The Medicaid System and the Mentally Ill, 2007.
This paper discusses possible changes to the now successful Medicaid system for treating the low-income mentally ill.
2,735 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Medicaid is the number one payment foundation for most community-based mental health services and the only health plan that finances a complete array of the rehabilitative services needed by people with psychiatric disabilities. The author stresses that low income children and adults have nowhere else to turn for mental health care and must depend tremendously on Medicaid. The paper relates that recent suggestions to change the Medicaid system for treating mental illnesses include plans to reduce the range of services that the states must provide and to reduce the number of recipients by replacing the current entitlement program with one or more block grants to the states. The author points out that Medicaid should go through some changes; however, these changes should be based on a serious review of their impact on caring for the mentally ill population.
From the Paper
"While states currently deal with major budget losses and concerns about the cost of Medicaid, there are ways to give states financial relief without reducing benefits to Medicaid recipients or extremely cutting the resources on which public mental health and other state agencies now depend. Policies that should be considered include improving coverage under Medicare community mental health services, including prescription medications, outpatient counseling, and case management, so that the federal government picks up costs for the elderly and increasing federal support for state and local mental health programs through increases to the federal community mental health block grant."
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Delegation, 2005.
This paper discuses the management practice of delegation especially as applied to the United States Air Force.
760 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in delegation, tasks are pushed to the lowest possible level in order for senior managers to focus on broader issues; however, delegation requires many skills and is not always used effectively to achieve the four functions of management. The author points out that, due to its size and scope, the United States Air Force (USAF) has no choice but to practice delegation at every possible level. The paper relates that, in the USAF, delegation is achieved through a highly structured rank system where tasks and the responsibility for them are theoretically pushed down to the lowest level where people, who are most familiar with a problem or situation, are the ones capable of providing a solution. The author states that this approach coincides with the three main levels of planning: strategic, tactical, and operational.
From the Paper
"Delegation requires a vast array of skills to be used effectively. Communication skills are among the most prized; as is patience and trust. This is another shortcoming of the military, as communication skills are seldom taught or developed in a manner that would facilitate effective delegation. Possessing good interpersonal and communication skills allows managers to successfully convey their desired end results to workers. Clearly defined goals provide a framework with which employees have more leeway to accomplish their tasks."
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Research Analysis: SENTRI Program, 2005.
This paper applies central tendency measurements to researching the value of the secure electronic network for travelers rapid inspection (SENTRI) system in facilitating crossing the US/Mexico border.
855 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that this research project on SENTRI included a sample of the population of 100 business travelers who regularly travel between Mexico and San Diego. The author reports using a questionnaire inquiring about how many travelers were looking into enrolling into the SENTRI program to reduce their wait time at the border. The paper relates that, using central tendency for the analysis of the collected data, the research indicates that there are advantages to business travelers participating in the SENTRI program. The author cites that business travelers enrolled in the SENTRI program are experiencing a reduced waiting time of a mere ten to fifteen minutes one-way. The paper concludes that similar research designs can help businesses make executive decisions. The paper includes tables and graphs.
From the Paper
"The following are two tables containing data collected for the purposes of analyzing the feasibility of the SENTRI project. The first, Table A, contains data that was used to calculate central tendency. This table is the result of a 100-person poll that was conducted utilizing employees that traveled between Mexico and San Diego. Travelers that participated in the SENTRI program experienced the shortest wait, spending between 5 and 15 minutes on average. Travelers on foot spent on average 10 to 15 minutes waiting at the border."
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Police Discretion, 2008.
A discussion on the mythical aspect of police discretion, its sources and suggestions for how it may be controlled.
1,666 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how discretion is a certificate of authority which gives police officers a vast amount of freedom and how it gives officers authorization to act freely and use that authority in carrying out the rights and responsibilities of policing. The paper further discusses how, in order for police officers to exercise good discretion, there must be guidelines and proper training to apply this discretion successfully. The paper concludes that, without using this unspoken practice, an officer's job would be burdened with another layer of complexity that they would have to overcome.
From the Paper
"There are a number of strategies that could be implemented for controlling discretion. First and most important is for law enforcement to hire officers who exhibit use of good police judgment and this comes from having good character. Law enforcement should take more time in hiring officers to be able to assess if they have common virtues of character as honesty, modesty, and empathy. After they determine these features, then the other police requirements for using discretion can be learned from on the job training. Another strategy for controlling discretion is for officers to be properly trained on how to use discretion. With the denial of this practice, discretion training is not part of the academy's program, but it should be incorporated into the procedures of when and where an officer can use discretion. "
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Immigration Reform and the Army, 2008.
This paper argues in favor of a proposal for illegal immigration reform, which would require immigrating individuals to serve in the United States Armed Forces for a predetermined time of enlistment.
1,665 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that requiring illegal immigrants to serve in the U.S. army would solve two current major issues in the U.S.: illegal immigration and the rapidly declining military recruiting numbers. The author points out that, only taking into account the half million illegal immigrants that cross the border every year, the size of the army could be increased by more than one third by requiring all eligible immigrants to serve. The paper states that the first obstacle to this proposal is not money but a common language, which could be overcome by re-allocating the funds used for huge signing bonuses to teaching immigrants English. The paper concludes that this immigration reform proposal would change totally the dynamics of how the United States maintains its standing army while continuing to keep good relations with Mexico and other neighboring countries.
From the Paper
"As previously stated, one proposal to combat the massively declining recruiting numbers in the U.S. Armed Forces is with immigrant service members. A vast majority of people do not know that the first U.S. soldier killed in Iraq was a Guatemalan who first entered the United States illegally. He had been able to change his immigration status and showed his gratitude to his adopted country by joining the military and, in the end, giving his life. The U.S. Armed Forces are losing thousands of soldiers, marines, airmen, and sailors every year."
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Public and Private NHS, 2007.
An analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of moving the British National Health Service from the public sector to the private sector.
1,520 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The National Health Service (NHS) is a state run entity set up by the Labour government after 1948 as part of the welfare state, and is free at the point of entry for all patients regardless of income or health problem. It was originally run by local authorities with funding from public money allocated by central government. This paper discusses how in recent years this money has been moving to the private sector and many have speculated that this is privatisation by stealth. The paper attempts to understand this process by giving some historical context to the events of the last few decades while pointing out some of the advantages and disadvantages, and the forms it could take, of privatisation.
From the Paper
"At the same time though because of the lack of reinvestment in the NHSs' infrastructure and Gordon Browns' adherence to EU spending targets, alternative funding methods must be found. A recent study by the Health Consumer Powerhouse (HCP) (2007) showed the UK at 17th place, behind Ireland, Czech Republic and Estonia in provision of healthcare. Three countries a long way behind the economic development of the UK. In fact while per capita spending placed the UK in 12th place, the Czech Republic placed 21st showing that efficiency targets are possible if money is spent wisely. "
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Strong Government, 2008.
An analysis of the principals and structure of a strong government, with the focus on the United States.
857 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the way in which a strong government can be achieved. It discusses the principals on which a government is founded and the structure of a strong government. It describes the importance of the ruling leader with a strong staff complimenting him and the necessity of a country that can be supported by outstanding infrastructure. The paper focuses on the United States when describing these aspects of strong government.
From the Paper
"The ruling of leader with a strong staff compliments each other, but even in the US a strong leader can bring down the infrastructure. The Watergate scandal from 1972 to 1974 brought Richard Nixon to resignation from his Presidency. The power Nixon received from becoming President was abused and our nation was embarrassed because of it. Sometimes a strong government and staff can be self destructive. "It was obvious, too, that awareness of scandals penetrated deeply into the American electorate" (McLeod 1). The American public didn't practice their right to vote because of their little faith in our political system after this event. Even the United States public has had problems with supporting the government that has been so strong and successful. There after Gerald Ford replaced Nixon and took over during a troubling time in our nation. "I assume the Presidency under extraordinary circumstances.... This is an hour of history that troubles our minds and hurts our hearts"(Ford). Even though the US was going through hard times with inflation and a depressed economy, we bounced back and became again a strong nation. Ford was a man of integrity which people knew because he had served for many years in Congress. This illustrates that even when a leader falls in our system that he is supported by an amazing staff that can quickly bounce back after tragedy."
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