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Taylor's Public Sphere, 2007.
This paper critically analyzes Charles Taylor's views about the public sphere in his book, "Modern Social Imaginaries".
1,106 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how Charles Taylor describes the nature of modern social organization in his book "Modern Social Imaginaries". The paper details Taylor's arguments of the public sphere in order to determine whether his descriptions seem to represent a realistic depiction of how modern political organization is constituted. The paper analyzes Taylor's argument based upon an analysis of Ursula Franklin's work describing the role that technology plays in modern life. The paper concludes that in light of Franklin's theories, Taylor's argument becomes almost irrelevant.
Outline:
The Relation between "Social Imaginary" and the "Public Sphere"
The Characteristics of the Public Sphere
A Critique Based on Technology
From the Paper
"In his book Modern Social Imaginaries, Charles Taylor describes the nature of modern social organization by defining its background understandings and its practical forms and characterizations. He argues that the public sphere is an extrapolitical, metatopical common space in which individuals come together to exchange ideas that serve to form their body politics, and then hold that political organization accountable for their common understandings of what they represent as a people. The public sphere, according to Taylor's formulation, is informed by and informing of a public's social imaginary, or its set of shared understandings about itself and its power relations."
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Canada and Malaria, 2007.
This paper discusses how Canada is lacking in its surveillance and control of malaria.
2,687 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that Canada has experienced an excessively high incidence of malaria in contrast to all other industrialized nations. The paper examines the host characteristics of the disease, the environment, the agent responsible and the natural history of malaria to highlight the problems that develop if a comprehensive epidemiological analysis is not conducted. The paper shows how in comparison with the United States, Canada appears to be unaware of how to undertake adequate surveillance and how to implement control mechanisms. The paper also emphasizes the importance of public health education related to malaria infection.
Outline:
Introduction
Prevalence
Host Characteristics
Environment
Agent
Natural History
Future Research
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Malaria is a parasitic infection with high prevalence around the world, including affluent nations. The focus of this paper will be Canada because this country has experienced an excessively high incidence of malaria in contrast to all other industrialized nations (MacLean & Demers, 2004). Canada's high incidence of infections corresponds to the deficiencies in its surveillance and public education programs. The two provinces most vulnerable to malaria infection are British Columbia and Ontario. It was only because of research conducted outside of the Canadian surveillance system that the source of two epidemics was identified."
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Policy Analysis, 2007.
A review of Eugene Bardach's "A Practical Guide For Policy Analysis".
804 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews "A Practical Guide For Policy Analysis," where Eugene Bardach discusses a holistic approach to understanding and analyzing public policy. The paper presents an outline of Bardach's argument and his eight steps to policy analysis. The paper is of the opinion that Bardach's book presents an accessible and useful tool for understanding the policy analysis and design process.
Outline:
Bardach's Eightfold Path
Assessment and Conclusion
From the Paper
"In A Practical Guide For Policy Analysis, Eugene Bardach discusses a holistic approach to understanding and analyzing public policy that is designed to challenge the profession of public administration so that policy is made through compromise and consensus-building with the public interest at the center. Bardach claims that it is necessary to maintain an "eightfold path" to policy analysis and design that is defined by the following steps: (1) Define problem, (2) Assemble evidence, (3) Construct alternatives, (4) Select criteria, (5) Project outcomes, (6) Confront tradeoffs, (7) Decide, (8) Tell story. After outlining the process he believes necessary, Bardach turns his attention to the proactive implementation, discussing data collection means and methods and best practices for administration."
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Policy Implementation, 2007.
This paper provides an assessment of strategies to promote public policy implementation.
2,281 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the study of policy implementation is necessary in order to isolate strategies that have been effective in promoting policy change and effective policy implementation. The paper examines the works of three authors who have been active in improving the quality of the research on public policy; Charles E. Merriam, Michael Lipsky and Thomas R. Dye. The paper also describes the problems facing those responsible for public policy implementation and facing public policy researchers. To illustrate the scope of these problems, the paper uses the example of initial research into HIV/AIDS.
Outline:
Introduction
Three Noted Public Policy Researchers
Problems Facing Public Policy Researchers
Possible Reforms in Policy Implementation Research
From the Paper
"Study of policy implementation is necessary in order to isolate strategies that have been effective in promoting policy change and effective policy implementation. Persons who are prominent members of the policy change process are often classified as political activists, but there are numerous authors and analysts whose perceptions have helped facilitate a greater understanding of the policy change process. While not generally recognized as prominent social or political activists, such persons have nonetheless added a significant contribution to the overall study of public policy in general, and facilitating change and implementation in particular."
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The Iroquois Theater Fire, 2007.
This paper discusses the Iroquois Theater Fire which took the lives of roughly 600 people in December of 1903 in Chicago, Illinois.
977 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper outlines the causes of the Iroquis Theater Fire, what regulations were violated and what corrective actions could have been taken to prevent the fire from having taken place. The paper contends that poor planning, derelict management and shoddy inspection work contributed to the tragedy.
From the Paper
"To begin with, the incident began at around 3:15 pm on December 30th. Inside Chicago's Iroquois theater roughly 1900 souls were crammed together to watch the popular musical, "Mr. Bluebeard, Jr.". The on-duty fireman charged with battling any blazes that broke out was armed with only two tubes of "patent powder" (which proved useless in combating the huge blaze) and the theater lacked fire hoses and any other means by which fires breaking out over the fireman's head could be battled. Furthermore, the asbestos fire curtain got "stuck" before it reached the full "down" position inasmuch as projecting lamps and/or cheap wooden tracks got in the way. These problems, coupled with others which will be discussed shortly, led to the inevitable tragedy."
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Public Administration, 2007.
A look at the problem of government services operating as a service industry or business with all the applications of business terminology and concepts, rather than a form of public administration.
1,328 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that public administration is not a profit-seeking business and the people it serves are not customers but rather invested citizens seeking access to programs and services which by their very nature should be considered innate, or in a sense a part of their birthright and their birth responsibility. The writer points out that just as it is the citizen's responsibility to vote in a democratic society it is also the citizen's responsibility to serve and access services in an environment where civil service is paramount to citizenship. The writer maintains that there is no one right answer to all the issues of public administration but there are many theoretical concepts that can work together to form a basis for the purpose of the development of the common goals of public administration.
From the Paper
"Seeking to understand this relationship between two citizens in service to one another and the common goal the individuals must utilize the concepts of civic social responsibility, so all parties understand that they are not different, that the service provider is not a representative of control and the citizen seeking assistance is not an "other," not crucial to the achievement of service and not privileged to understand the systems in place. Seeking to create a system where civic responsibility is the common goal, service will likely be improved, those who seek to be in positions of service is likely to increase, in number and the system is more likely to be conducive of group goals as those who seek services and those who seek provide a conduit for the provision of these services may have a greater empathetic relationship."
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A Career in Public Service, 2007.
This paper discusses Kenneth Ashworth's book, "Caught between the Dog and the Fireplug".
1,293 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that, in his book "Caught between the Dog and the Fireplug", Ashworth shares a lot of experiences and expertise on a variety of subjects in a user-friendly way; via letters sent to his relative Kim, who is starting a career in public service. The paper discusses how in these letters, Ashworth talks about a variety of topics, from taking risks and handling governing boards to public service ethics. The paper explains that Ashworth's goal is to give students of public affairs the knowledge necessary to see what life is like "in the trenches".
From the Paper
"He says that his goal is to give students of public affairs the knowledge necessary to see what life is like "in the trenches" (xi). According to Ashworth, having a successful career in this field requires more than "studying only theories and models and conceptual frameworks described by scholars and researchers of public affairs" (xii)."
"The title of the book, which sounds strange, is from advice he received from a previous board chair who said, "You don't understand. Your job description is to stand between the dog and the fireplug." In other words, a person in public service has to stand up for the elected officials and their policies, yet at the same time do what is best for the public interest."
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Hurricane Katrina, 2007.
An overview of the government relief initiative after Hurricane Katrina.
808 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Hurricane Katrina was the most financially devastating and deadliest hurricane in the history of the United States. In particular, it looks at how the nature of this natural disaster brought about one of the most complex and controversial disaster relief efforts in history and how the government spent billions in relief and organizations from local, state, and federal levels worked in unison with NGOs to attempt the recovery and help of Katrina victims.
From the Paper
"Katrina victims can be loosely defined as any individual who suffered physical, financial and emotional harm from direct, storm related causes. Katrina victims range far and wide, although the majority of the focus are upon those in New Orleans, many victims also were evacuated from South Florida and Mississippi. The victims of Katrina receive strong attention on the national level for several reasons, one of the primary reasons being the disparity between racial dynamics in those victimized by the storm. The majority of victims appear to be poor minorities, especially those residing within inner city New Orleans. The racial disparity among Katrina victims was strongly noted by media commentators within the Superdome. "
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District Development, 2007.
A look at some of the challenges facing district development planners.
1,492 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how several challenges face district development planners today and how issues of democracy and decentralization have made district planning much more complicated and challenging than the case was in the past. It looks at how communities today expect their power and participation levels to be fully concomitant with their ideals of democracy and empowerment as provided by the Constitution. It also discusses how issues relating to the nature of each specific community need to be taken into account for optimal planning. The most important element of district planning is community participation. Only in involving as much as possible of the community, can effective ideas come forward in setting community goals and targeted achievement.
From the Paper
"J. Norman Reid for example emphasizes the need for community participation in his focus for effective development and planning. According to Mr. Reid, active community participation is beneficial in several respects. This aspect for example results in greater community empowerment. This in turn creates a better economy for that community in that a participating community tends to apply for an receive more funding than a non-participating one. Thirdly, citizen satisfaction within a participating community is greater, as the sense and evidence of accomplishment can be appreciated by all participating parties."
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Lawlessness in New Orleans, 2007.
This paper assesses the government and law enforcement response to the Hurricane Katrina disaster.
2,066 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the complex and controversial disaster relief efforts following Hurricane Katrina. The paper reveals that the majority of problems related to the disaster occurred in its aftermath, as looting and ransacking of New Orleans ravaged the city. The paper explores how the effects of the lawlessness in the wake of Katrina changed the frame in which disaster relief and the government response is viewed.
From the Paper
"Hurricane Katrina was the most financially devastating and deadliest hurricane in the history of the United States. It was the sixth strongest hurricane within the Atlantic and the third strongest to ever record landfall within the United States. The hurricane displaced hundreds of thousands of resident stretching from Florida to Louisiana, with the majority of victims falling within New Orleans. Within the span of two weeks, more than 700 bodies were recovered. The nature of this natural disaster brought about one of the most complex and controversial disaster relief efforts in history."
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Recruitment, Selection, and Training of Police Officers, 2003.
A review of the necessary traits of a police officer, and the recruitment, selection and training process of the police force.
1,576 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the role of the police officer. The paper then reviews and discusses the recruitment and selection of potential police officers, and their training.
Outline:
Recruitment
Selection
Training
From the Paper
"Different commentaries and reactions were received regarding the proper training police officers should undertake. Training courses should be focused on on-the-job training, programs in human relations, and grounding for the social service purpose of police officers. Later reports focused on the biases and prejudices in the training process that may affect police-community relations. Police officers seemed to be oppressors people were afraid to come near to, regardless of them being criminals or civilians. James Fyfe who made a transcript on police practices stated that a better way to define the police is to understand that they are there to maintain order and not necessarily to look for criminals. He recommended this viewpoint should pass through police training programs. James Fype also said that the avoidance of discriminatory behavior at the early levels of police officer training would make a significant impact since when these officers are still at the initial stages, they are more receptive and eager to learn."
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Will Social Security be Around in Thirty Years?, 2007.
A discussion regarding the lifespan of Social Security.
804 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, as the 21st century moves forward in America, socioeconomic and demographic trends emerging in the nation pose their own unique challenges. The paper explains that America is faced with an aging population, increasing costs of national defense and social programs, and the ongoing effort to balance the federal budget. With this in mind, the paper reviews the question of whether or not Social Security will be around in thirty years.
Outline:
Abstract
Thesis Statement
Reinforcement of the Argument
Conclusion/Recommendations
From the Paper
"There is also a public welfare dynamic that supports the argument that Social Security will be around in thirty years. Having shown that the American population is aging and will continue to do so, if Social Security is phased out, the welfare of the individuals who rely upon this program for survival comes into question, and someone will have to take care of these deprived individuals (Olsen, 2002). It would be nonsensical to take away Social Security, as the program, for all of its flaws, gives the government the ability to tax wage earners in support of the program. If this tax revenue is stopped, and the government still has to provide for those in need as it surely will do without Social Security in place, an attempt to solve one problem will be replaced with a much larger crisis."
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Foreign Policy towards the Middle East, 2007.
This paper explains what must be the goals of the U.S. administration's future Middle Eastern policy.
1,247 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that the the goals of future U.S. Middle Eastern policy should be peace, the promise of a new United States image in the region, and greater independence from the nations that would cause harm. The writer then argues that the three main goals of the next administration should and must be to begin to bring the current conflict in Iraq to a successful or at least manageable political and diplomatic solution rather than a military conclusion, to facilitate new negotiations between the Israelis and Palestinians and finally to reduce U.S. dependence on Middle Eastern oil. The writer concludes that diplomacy and acting multilaterally must be the goal, both of the U.S. policy in its phased withdrawal from Iraq and also in continuing to strive to broker an effective peace between the Israelis and the Palestinians.
From the Paper
"At present, Iraq is a failed state and American military policy is a failed policy. The Iraqi government cannot protect its people, deliver services, collect revenues, or administer its laws. Renegade Iraqi militias are the real legal powers. Embedding more U.S. troops will simply result in further U.S. causalities. A diplomatic solution is the only hope."
"The goal of the next administration must be to create a representational Iraqi government over the next four years that is able to exert control over its oil reserves, force the militias to transfer military power to the state regime, and enforce minority rights. In exchange for turning over arms there will be amnesty for all combatants, to avoid diverting important resources into show trials that will only further divide the nation, as did the trial and execution of the former dictator Saddam Hussein."
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Public School Policy Making, 2007.
The objective of this paper is to demonstrate an understanding of the public school policy process, key policy terminology and policy concepts by examining the public school (K-12) policy for the state of New York.
3,635 words (approx. 14.5 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 101.95
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Abstract
This paper explores various policy papers, which define public school policy ranging from illumination of the classroom to environmentally sensitive cleaning and maintenance to funding recommendations. The author points out that a systematic difference was found between the federal and the non-federal systems in policy performance including little indication that federal systems either equalize or redistribute the aggregate resources of society. The paper relates that the goals of the governor's 'Campaign for Fiscal Equity' are (1) a multi-year, massive infusion of school funding, (2) the creation of a clear cut system of accountability to drive funds to key educational strategies and (3) a fair and simple foundation formula to distribute school aid based on student need not politics.
Table of Contents
Objective
Introduction
BEST (Building Educational Success Together)
State of Affairs in New York State Schools
Inequality in Quality of Classroom Provision
Policy Adoption Recommendations of the Three Agencies
Fiscal Policy Recommendations
Policy Recommendations Comparison
New York State Board of Regents
The Atlantic Philanthropies, The Ford Foundation, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and The American Institute for Research (A.I.R) and Management Analysis and Planning (MAP)
New York State Commission on Education Reform
Impact of Federalism on Policy-Making Process
Recent Policy Enactment
From the Paper
"Policy issues in New York State Schools are inclusive of use of chemical and pesticides in school and recently Education Law 409-I has been enacted which establishes the department as being responsible to report "on the status of utilizing environmentally sensitive cleaning and maintenance (green ) products in all public and nonpublic schools by June 1, 2007." Policy such as this is shaped by the stated needs of certain socio-political view and in one such case the need for facility alignment for quality education is upheld by educators."
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The National Security Council, 2007.
This paper discusses the National Security Council (NSC) and looks at its functions.
1,354 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that the National Security Council or NSC was created and established by the National Security Act of 1947. The writer notes that the NSC is the US President's principal forum for matters concerning national security and foreign policy. Further, the writer discusses that the establishment of the NSC has been the response to the need of each administration to develop and perfect a reliable set of executive institutions for managing national security policy. The writer notes that each President was guided by the deficiencies of his predecessors and wanted to set up a system that would reflect his individual or preferred management style. The writer relates that the NSC has, thus, been modified to suit the needs and preferences of each administration.
From the Paper
"The establishment of the NSC has been the response to the need of each administration to develop and perfect a reliable set of executive institutions, which would manage its national security policy. Each President was guided by the deficiencies of his predecessors and wanted to set up a system, which would reflect his individual or preferred management style. The NSC has, thus, been modified to suit the needs and preferences of each administration. The National Security Act of July 26, 1947 created the NSC with the President as Chairman and the Secretaries of State and Defense as its key members. Its principal function is to coordinate foreign policy and defense policy and incorporate diplomatic and military requirements. It also provided for a Secretary of Defense, a National Military Establishment, a Central Intelligence Agency and a National Security Resources Board. Because the NSC was several times modified to adapt to the preferences of each President, it came to be viewed as subservient to him alone. And because its role is to establish collegiality among the departments, it also came to be viewed as a means to controlling and managing opposed departments."
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