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Public Interest, 2002.
A discussion of the decision-making considerations of public administrators.
2,245 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how decision-making is an important process, which needs to consider many different viewpoints and interests and how in every sphere of private and public administration it is critical to take into account the interests of those who would be affected by a decision in order to be able to make the right decision. It evaluates how public administrators are more likely to encounter severe criticism if a decision goes wrong or is considered ineffective or self-serving than a private corporation and how a public administrator is therefore required to create awareness regarding the long-term effects of an action before it is claimed to be in public's best interest. In other words, while actions taken under normative theoretical approach are easier to understand, those undertaken through other models may lead to confusion and conflict. It shows how effective communication and access to correct information can minimize the risks of such conflicts.
From the Paper
"This is because while private firms are answerable to the community and its own employers to a certain limited extent, the pubic organizations are accountable for every action as they claim to be making decisions in the public interest. However the concept of public interest is highly ambiguous and controversial in nature as public administrators are unable to define the term effectively. The inability to define public interest leads to many governance problems not to mention major and minor conflicts over the possible short and long-term effects of a certain decision."
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Solitary Confinement, 2002.
A discussion of the effects of solitary confinement on the criminal justice system of a just and moral society.
1,049 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the practice of confining a prisoner to a state prison offering only the most minimal of human contact remains as controversial as it is well-established. It looks at the history of the practice and analyzes how the reasoning behind the action often is described as being proactive but whether to protect the prisoner from harm at the hands of other inmates or to minimize his own potential for harming others, it cannot be denied that the step also represents a profound form of punishment. It puts forward the argument of how a nation which proudly bears the banner of "human rights" when negotiating with other countries can continue to exercise an activity which, in the minds of many, is a very real form of psychological torture.
Outline
Introduction (Posing the Question)
Super-Max Prisons (Defining the Activity)
The Residents (Those Who Live In Solitary Confinement)
Cruel and Unusual? (Can We Afford to Continue?)
From the Paper
"The effectiveness of solitary confinement promoted its widespread use throughout the following centuries within the borders of the United States. There were occasional variations of the theme, such as in the early existence of the very famous Alcatraz Prison, where prisoners were allowed to physically associate but were strictly forbidden to speak to one another. But in general, the original blueprint remained the most widely-utilized model while evolving toward the exaggeration of the concept, the "Super-Max" prisons. "
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Effective Communications Training, 2002.
A discussion of effective communications training in healthcare facilities.
815 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, within the field of healthcare, there is an identifiable need to implement an effective form of communication and how personnel at all levels may need instruction for appropriate use of these communication skills. It summarizes how these facilities would allow for training which would implement communication technology such as, voicemail and email with acknowledgment, cellular telephones for mobile communication and improved support for role based contact and message screening. It looks at how the healthcare facility would benefit tremendously with greater communication and develop more successful relationships with their patients and how this training would prove to be cost effective and how the long term use of better communication would help all people involved to benefit from the use of effective communication skills.
From the Paper
"There currently is a need for individual healthcare workers to consider carefully the effects of their communication behavior on their own efficiency and effectiveness as well as on that of others. Ineffective communication behaviors may result in an interruptive work place, which possibly contribute to inefficiency in work practice. People working in the healthcare area are highly mobile during their working day. The mobility of staff and the difficulty contacting these "moving targets" suggest that support for mobility through the use of wireless technology, such as cellular telephones or pagers might be beneficial."
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Counseling, 2002.
A discussion on the differences between the American Association of Pastoral Counselors (AAPC), the American Association of Christian Counselors (AACC) and the American Counseling Association (ACA).
1,091 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the differences among the code of ethics of the organizations listed above. It examines how many of the divergent codes are attributable to the religious affiliation of the AAPC accompanied by the not-for-profit roots of religious organizations. It evaluates how religion appears in referral policies and attitudes about the imposition of values in the AACC and AAPC and how religion seems to underlie these group's codes for therapist/client relationships and termination policies whereas the ACA is more liberal toward making profits as evidenced by policies regarding fees, record ownership, advertising and testing, to name a few.
From the Paper
"There are no major differences among the confidentiality and conflict of interest mandates of the three groups. They respect a client's right to privacy and avoid disclosures of confidential information. All allow for confidentiality breaches only when the law requires it or if the client or someone else faces danger because of the client's actions. The AACC, the AAPC, and the ACA discourage dual relationships with clients that could affect the counseling relationship or present the opportunity for personal gain."
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Public Sector Human Resources, 2002.
A discussion of the changing role of human resource management in the public sector.
3,326 words (approx. 13.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines the issues relating to human resource management in the public sector, evaluates probable trends in the field's future and analyzes the efficacy of recent reform efforts. It examines how, in contrast to the private sector marketplace which leads the world in productivity, innovation, and wealth creation because it allows the market influences of free enterprise, competition, risk and reward to find their own equilibrium, the public sector has regulated these factors out of much of its daily business activity. It explores how the public sector health and human resources marketplace must find pathways to embrace these free market principles if it genuinely desires to also be known as a world class provider of goods and services.
Outline:
Introduction: The Public Sector in a Changing Social Environment
The Setting: Competing Views of the Workforce
Political Considerations
Patronage, Civil Service, and Privatization
Techniques for Defining Change
Compensation
Recruitment
Reinventing
The Issues in the Public Sector
Problems for Unions and Management
Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action
Conclusion
From the Paper
"HR managers have been forced to adjust their thinking as well. The tasks which they perform have not changed, but the manner in which they perform their tasks has been revolutionized by computers, the internet, a workforce with a greater average educational level, and a greater level of customers' expectations, and a greater level of government involvement. These forces have also forced a change in the workforce. Many employees, whether in the private or public sector, are no longer content to find a 40 to 45 hour per week job."
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Supervising Police Personnel, 2002.
Asking the question of whether the police officers are always the "good guys" and what is done when they also transgress the law.
3,254 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper examines whether there is enough done to police officers who take "law enforcement" too far, including acts of excessive violence, property damage, theft and murder. The paper asks who should be responsible for this type of supervision and bases its answers on the book "Supervising Police Personnel" by Whisenand and Rush. It explains how in the book the writers provides recommended guidelines for a supervisor to be aware of potential "law breaking" cops and how to direct the entire police force into healthy work habits.
From the Paper
"How many police shows have aired on television over the past 20 years? Yet in every show, from the Hill Street Blues to NYPD Blue, a single theme has been present that was used to identify the 'god guys' and the 'bad guys.' This theme didn't change, whether the 'bad guys' were the crooks, or crooked cops. To a man, the police who solved the case, or brought the gangster to justice were those who took personal responsibility for their actions, and their beat. It was personal to them. Whether the TV cop solved the case of the missing cat, or brought down a drug king pin, the viewer watched a portrayal of a man or woman who took his or her responsibility to their job, and community very personally."
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Effects of TAAS Testing, 2002.
Looking at the advantages and disadvantages of Texas Assessment of Academic Skills (TAAS) testing.
1,512 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the aims of TAAS which was implemented in 1991 in an effort to bring more accountability and higher standards to schools in the state of Texas. It explains the main elements of TAAS and presents its proponents and opponents and their reasons for being for and against this testing. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of TAAS on the students and teachers and the educational system as a whole.
From the Paper
"Texas is currently using Texas Assessment of Academic Skills (TAAS), a high stakes test, to hold students, teachers, and schools accountable in an effort to improve teaching and learning. The TAAS graduation exam is administered beginning in the tenth grade. Students are allowed to re-take the test up to seven times if they do not pass right away. Other versions of TAAS are administered in elementary and middle schools, where they are expected to become part of the grade promotion process."
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Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, 2002.
An explanation of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996, its limitations and benefits.
2,310 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper defines this act which deals with health insurance portability, mental health coverage and length of hospital maternity stays. The paper explains who is covered by this new act and discusses in detail different titles of the law. It discusses HIPAA's limitations and lists what the act does not cover. It provides some basic information about understanding the act and discusses eligibility issues. The paper concludes with how this act specifically effects physicians.
From the Paper
"According to the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees, (AFSCME) Department of Public Policy, the law consists of several basic components, Including "restrictions on pre-existing condition exclusions; nondiscrimination on the basis of a person's health status; guaranteed availability and renewability of health coverage; establishment of a Medical Savings Account (MSA) "pilot" project; modification of COBRA health care continuation rules; provisions dealing with health care fraud and abuse; requirements for employers who offer mental health coverage; requirements for insurers paying for postpartum maternity stays."
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One Language, One People?, 2002.
The arguments for and against proclaiming English the sole official language of America.
1,604 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of of to what extent should immigrants be permitted to preserve their own language and customs once they have come to the United States and whether we should be a nation of one language or of many. It examines the opinions of the politician Pat Buchanan who is opposed to free immigration and linguistic diversity and Ben Wattenberg who is for it. It analyzes such issues as over immigration, bilingual education, ethnic and the effect of cultural diversity.
From the Paper
"In contrast, Ben Wattenberg believes that in large-scale immigration the benefits outweigh the ills. Rather than being detrimental to the future survival of America and its civilization, immigration will actually make the United States stronger. Wattenberg makes his case by using the very same figures as Buchanan. The declining birthrate in Europe and Japan means that by 2050, Westerners will make up only one-eighth of the world's population, as compared to one-third in 1950. (American Enterprise, 2002) The birthrate among native-born Americans is slightly below replacement rate, but with immigration, the American population continues to increase."
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A Shared Nursing Leadership Model, 2002.
This paper presents the shared leadership model as a method for reducing stress caused by the nursing shortage.
1,435 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 10 sources, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the problems created by the shortage of qualified nurses that is requiring unit managers to contribute additional effort to fulfill all of the required responsibilities of the nursing unit. The paper presents a shared leadership model in which the stress of the nurse's job is balanced as various nursing and administrative tasks are shared among several nurses. The author admits that the skills needed to develop this model are extensive and require training, but the development of this new organizational structure is likely to result in significant reductions in employee stress.
From the Paper
"The hospital unit must become a catalyst for cultural and organizational change in order for a shared leadership initiative to result in success. Although this task may be difficult, it is essential to provide nurses with the feeling that they are not taken advantage of in the workplace. If nurses are provided with new responsibilities, they are likely to exhibit gratification and a sense of exhilaration in their careers. Nurse Managers, who are often times overwhelmed themselves with endless responsibility, are likely to welcome the changes that would be demonstrated through a shared leadership structure."
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The Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2002.
This paper discusses the problems within the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).
1,180 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 15 sources, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines many problems within the FBI such as withholding pertinent information that may have prevented the September 11 attacks. The author points out that these problems are not new. The paper discusses the new corrective program introduced by the FBI head, Robert Mueller, that needs to be enforced and accepted by the FBI culture.
From the Paper
"Another problem that has haunted the FBI in recent months is the discovery that veteran agent Robert Hanssen was a Russian spy for twenty-five years. The FBI was scrutinized because they did not possess a serious attitude regarding internal security issues, and the lack of a cohesive management structure indicates that departments were not aware of each other's activities. In response to the Hanssen scandal, Congress approved the creation of a new position within the Justice Department to oversee the activities of the FBI."
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Spousal Abuse, 2002.
This paper discusses causes and interventions for spousal abuse against men and women.
563 words (approx. 2.3 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that experts on spousal abuse believe that in such marriages, the relationship begins as a loving relationship but gradually the definition of "love" is distorted and includes emotions of jealousy and suspicion. The paper reviews research which shows that arrest is the most effective intervention and that police officers are more likely to make these arrests when their police department has clear guidelines.
From the Paper
"Recognizing the problem, law enforcement agencies have researched what the most effective responses are to domestic abuse calls. Nancy Egan of the John Jay College of Criminal Justice put together an annotated bibliography of research regarding best police practices for domestic violence calls. She described three types of responses. The first is "mediative." where the police do not arrest anyone, but attempt to act as peacemakers, staying at the site until the situation calms down and the reported offender is no longer acting angrily."
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When Federalism Works, 2002.
Definition and analysis of the philosophy of federalism.
884 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses federalism in terms of the implementation of public policy and economics. Federally funded developmental programs are looked at as well as competition between states for funds. The paper sums up how federalism can work when redistributive policies are used correctly.
From the Paper
"The United States is both a united country and a compounded nation of fifty states. This paradoxical status of unity and division is at the heart of the nature of federalism. Federalism is both a political means, a way of ensuring that all citizens have a voice in the government of their day on a micro-political as well as a macro-political level, and also an end in itself, according to James Madison, one of the authors of the Federalist papers. The Founding Fathers believed in federalism because they hoped that a strong national government would be counterbalanced by states imbued with specific political powers and rights that could not be impinged upon. This way, neither rampant republicanism (as voiced through the states) nor totalitarianism would reign in the new union they had created. (Federalism Web Site: Philosophy of Federalism in the U.S.)
In terms of the implementation of public policy, the philosophy of federalism is particular significant when reviewing the difference between developmental and redistributive policies of allocating funds. Developmental policies are primarily designed to enhance the economic development of a specific community by benefiting those who have borne the cost directly. In more technical terms, developmental policies "have benefit/tax ratio of more than 1, so that marginal benefits exceed the marginal cost to the average taxpayer." (Peterson Chapter 3)"
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Fire Departments' Response to Terror, 2002.
A study of the local fire department's role in responding to terrorist attacks.
1,580 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the role of the local fire department in responding to and planning for terrorist attacks. It describes paradigm shift in the way the department releases information to the public since September 11th, 2001. The paper states that a properly functioning master plan is essential to maintain order and lessen the effects of fear and panic from the terrorist attack.
From the Paper
"In disaster response training and planning, it is said that the first people on the scene are the local fire department, but in reality, they are the second ones on the scene. The first person is the person who made the call. After the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, communities demanded to know that their government was ready in the event of another attack on the Federal, state and local level. They want to see concrete plans to handle such an event and a massive effort to assure that this does not happen again. Terrorism is unique from other disasters from an Emergency Response Perspective as it can take on many unpredictable forms. The following research will examine the role of the local fire department in responding to and planning for terrorist attacks."
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Law Enforcement Agencies, 2002.
The paper applies various business theories to the running of law enforcement agencies.
1,620 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
The paper begins by discussing the concept of decentralized management, looking at its advantage for organizations in the corporate sector, at the reasons why it does not improve the situation of law enforcement agencies and at the importance of good leadership. Next the paper focuses on organizational communication. It discusses how a lack of this communication can affect efficiency and productivity and looks at this problem within the running of law enforcement agencies; focusing on inefficiencies in the criminal justice department. Finally, the paper explores problem solving, looking at the attempt by law enforcement agencies to identify and resolve problems. Crime analysis is discussed and the SARA (Scanning, Analysis, Response, Assessment) approach is explained. The paper concludes with a look at successful problem solving implementation by various law enforcement agencies.
From the Paper
"Decentralized management is the buzzword these days, as it is believed that centralized management structures no longer produce positive results. It has been noticed that decentralization paves way for more autonomy among various units and leads to employee empowerment, one thing that has been the cornerstone of productivity in the 21st century. But does decentralized management really works in all types of organizations. That is not exactly true. While the corporate sector reaps the benefits of decentralized environment where various departments and units maintain almost complete autonomy and thus have control over decision-making process, law enforcement agencies have failed to extract the best out of this system of management. In the latter, it has actually resulted in more corruption and less accountability."
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