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Medicare Fair Prescription Drug Act, 2008.
An analysis of the benefits of the Medicare Fair Prescription Drug Act.
885 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the Medicare Fair Prescription Drug Price Act of 2007 is an amendment of the Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 (MMA) and how, according to the latter, Medicare beneficiaries receive a prescription drug benefit called Part D. Private prescription drug plans are also approved for Medicare beneficiaries by the federal government. It also discusses how government interference in MMA, according to the regulations of the 2007 Act, would work for the benefit of price regulation, but to the detriment of choice and market competition.
From the Paper
"The main benefit of Medicare Part D is to beneficiaries and taxpayers - in other words, to the public. Beneficiaries are allowed to choose whatever they prefer in terms of pricing and type of drugs. The market competition encouraged the negotiations between private plans and drug providers are therefore not beneficial only in terms of lower costs for certain drugs, but also in terms of choice. Some beneficiaries choose the higher priced drugs that work best for them, while others prefer lower costs for the financial benefits gained in this way. The plan therefore provides enough diversity for the public to choose from."
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Information Technology and E-Government in Public Administration, 2008.
A literature review to study information technology (IT) and e-government in public administration.
4,045 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 109.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the implementation and deployment of information technology (IT) solutions in public administration have tended to strengthen the hierarchical bureaucracies already in place instead of transforming these processes. The author then identifies propositions and barriers to effective e-governance. The paper concludes that e-governance has a long way to go in actually delivering public service administration via the Internet. A better understanding of the potential of public administration via the Internet is critical for public administration employees and officials if the benefits of e-governance are to be realized in a manner that truly benefits the public. Several tables and figures are included with the paper.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Theoretical Ideal of Information Technology Examined
Key Issues in E-Government and Public Administration
E-Government Initiatives and Local Government
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The second reform proposition claiming that IT has the power to change the structure of an organization and was therefore a tool for reform is "grounded in the belief that information technology can directly impact the data structure of public administration enforcing or relaxing traditional hierarchical forms." The main-frame computer was viewed from the perspective of being a consolidator of data and expertise which resulted in a reinforcing of hierarchical organizational structures and this is upheld in research findings."
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Evolution of Public Administration, 2008.
An examination of the evolution of public administration in the United States with particular regard to effectiveness and efficiency.
2,847 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the influence of the structure of the U.S. political system, in relation to the Constitutional separation of powers and federalism, on the evolution of public administration in the United States. It particularly examines the notions of effectiveness, efficiency and reasonable standards of performance within the political system.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Federalism
Role of Factions Model (ROF)
Public Interest Model (PI)
1880s-1930s
1940s - 1960s
1970s-Present
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The third model is the 'public interest model' (PI) stated to have as its cornerstone "...the efficacy of science" which was believed by reformers of the late 19th century to be the solution to "current public problems and inculate morality." (Rabin, Hildreth, and Miller, 1998) there was a stated need of creation of "governmental structures that empower experts: people who possessed relevant scientific knowledge. Expertise would be indicated by educational credentials, beginning the American concern, if not obsession, with academic degrees." (Rabin, Hildreth, and Miller, 1998) This is a concept of science "which is more correctly termed 'technology'. It is stated that reformers held the perception of there being very little limitations "to the efficacy of science and its ability to solve all current problems by the application of unbiased general laws." (Rabin, Hildreth, and Miller, 1998) This belief is stated to be derived in philosophy from what is known as the Enlightenment movement." (Rabin, Hildreth, and Miller, 1998) Within this framework "rationality was seen as not only desirable but also feasible in an era of urban-centered technology. (Rabin, Hildreth, and Miller, 1998) Stated as a critical element of the "new politico-administrative system was management, since science enables administrators to be rational." (Rabin, Hildreth, and Miller, 1998)"
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Military Healthcare, 2008.
An analysis of the issues between the Department of Veterans' Affairs (VA), the Department of Defense (DoD), the military health system (MHS) and civilian health care providers regarding the delivery of military healthcare.
9,640 words (approx. 38.6 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 197.95
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Abstract
This paper is a literature review to study the relationship between the Department of Veterans' Affairs (VA), Department of Defense (DoD) Military Health System (MHS), and civilian health care providers in the area of policy and utilization of management and information technology tools, which currently are adversely affecting the care of active duty military, their families and veterans. The author concludes that the governmental use of Lean and Six Sigma, specifically in the VA, MHS and DoD programs relating to healthcare provision for service members and beneficiaries has greatly expanded the capacity of these organizations to provide the required healthcare. The paper stresses that the management programs of Lean and Six Sigma offer potentials for cost savings, quality service provision and the elimination of waste in these organizations. Includes figures and tables.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Background of the Study
Statement of Thesis
Purpose of the Study
Literature Review
Department Of Defense (DoD) Task Force: On Future of Military Health Care
Systemic Obstacles Identified
DoD Findings Concerning Pharmacy Benefits and Recommended Tier Structure
Military Health System (MHS) Strategic Plan
DoD and VA Joint Strategic Plan
Military Health Systems Deployment of Electronic Dental Record
Health Information IT Systems Combined by DoD and Military Health System
Lean and Six Sigma to Improve Delivery of Government Services
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the area of improvement of efficiencies and cost-effectiveness of the military health care procurement system findings relate that that DoD obligations for medical services contracts was $1.6 billion in 1996, and that by the year 2005 this obligation had risen to $8 billion - or an increase of 412 percent. The cause for this growth in spending for service acquisition while is part attributed to recent trends and changes which includes downsizing in the civilian workforce as well as outsourcing and TRICARE benefits expansion along with attempting to meet new requirements as well as new demands."
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Women in Combat, 2008.
Examines the role women play in combat in the United States military and the implications of women in combat roles.
1,665 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, when women first entered the American military, they were not intended to play a role in combat but rather to be behind the scenes in non-combat oriented roles, such as purchasing. The author stresses that women in combat in the Iraq war has blurred gender lines and forever changed the face of the American military. The paper states that feminists and supporters of women's rights hail women in combat roles as a necessary step in gaining full equality for women. However, as the paper relates, the research indicates that women in combat in the United States military are still a contentious issue.
From the Paper
"One situation that might allow women in combat is the formation of all-women units. In these units, many of the criticisms of women in combat could be alleviated. For example, a woman would probably be able to lift or carry another woman to safety, and they would not face harassment or sexual situations from male soldiers in an all-female unit. In addition, an all-female unit would tend to be more understanding about monthly menstruation and other female health issues, which would effectively negate many of the issues that opponents of women in combat often cite."
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Major Elements of Police Training, 2008.
A critical review of the requirements for training police on use of effective deadly force.
5,062 words (approx. 20.2 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 127.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a thorough analysis of how police training on deadly force affects the incidences and use of deadly force. The paper asserts that the literature clearly demonstrates that the current police system does have serious problems with police use of deadly force but research also suggests that the right training mechanism for use of deadly force can lead to better outcomes for society. The paper then presents a comprehensive analysis of how police training on deadly force affect the incidences and use of deadly force. The paper also identifies the internal and external factors that affect the effectiveness of police training on deadly force.
Outline:
Principles of an effective training strategy
literature structure
methodology
Conclusion
Recommendations
From the Paper
"There is the common misconception that any training program aimed at conflict resolution and negotiation is simple about combating terrorism or social disorder. As can be clearly seen from the eight principles outlined, the training program for the police on deadly force has to surpass combating terrorism and social disorder, but has to have an overarching aim of promoting full-fledged peace initiatives and combating all aspects of any activity that poses a threat to society's safety."
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| Term Paper # 105291 |
temporarily unavailable
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Is Governmental Transparency Vital to a Democracy?, 2008.
This paper summarizes and critiques the New York Times editorial called the "White House Shell Game," while also speaking generally on the topic of governmental transparency.
821 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at a New York Times editorial called the "White House Shell Game," which stresses the importance of transparent government. Specifically, the paper discusses why governmental transparency is important to any democracy and whether or not the editorial presents a persuasive argument for a more open style of governance from the Bush Administration. The paper also briefly summarizes the thesis of the editorial, its analysis of the problem, and its aim. In the end, the author asserts that governmental transparency is important - but the editorial's argument would have been more compelling if it was not so clearly motivated by political calculations.
From the Paper
"Consequently, the New York Times is right to chastise the Bush Administration for trying to avoid the (potential) censure of the public by trying to limit, to the fullest extent possible, the scope of the Freedom of Information Act. The problem with the Times editorial, unfortunately, is that there is a disagreeable amount of political partisanship involved: after all, the Clinton White House was notoriously secretive as well - that Administration was wracked by fund-raising scandals, the specters of Whitewater and Travelgate and other problems that were kept tightly under wraps - and no one can recall the New York Times aggressively challenging the commitment of President Clinton's team to open and transparent government."
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Woodrow Wilson's "The Study of Administration", 2008.
A paper that describes and details the essay "The Study of Administration" by Woodrow Wilson.
724 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper critically analyzes the administration policies and ideas set forth in an essay by President Woodrow Wilson entitled "The Study of Administration". The paper describes Wilson's thoughts about using ministrant (function of the government) and constituent ideas to represent political and apolitical branches respectively and relates that constituent functions were given very important tasks, such as the protection of liberty, life, and property, while ministrant functions were necessary for advancing societal interests. The paper concludes that Woodrow Wilson attempted to outline a coherent and somewhat revolutionary idea about public administration and politics and how each should be separate, yet work together.
From the Paper
"Wilson was determined to make reforms and labeled areas that were functions of the government "ministrant" and those that were not, or were apolitical, he labeled "constituent" (Clements 320). These constituent functions were given very important tasks, such as the protection of liberty, life, and property, while ministrant functions were necessary for advancing the societal interests (320). Although these labels appear to be incorrectly given as ministrant areas were given what really appeared to be political functions such as labor regulation, communications, transportation maintenance, education, and conservation efforts."
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The Development of The American Welfare System, 2008.
A discussion of the development and changes to the welfare system in the United States.
3,422 words (approx. 13.7 pages), 25 sources, MLA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the modern welfare system as it exists in America and describes how it grew out of the cataclysm of the Great Depression. It looks at the division between social insurance and welfare to an increasing emphasis on disability. The paper suggests that welfare in America came from the uncertain efforts to match European states which had far more advanced systems.
From the Paper
"The Clinton administration forced a number of changes to the welfare system through executive action, requiring teen mothers on welfare to stay in school and requiring mothers to identify the fathers of their children as a condition to receiving welfare. These actions were intended to contribute to the education of welfare recipients and to hold men accountable for child support. To pressure non-paying parents, the administration used federal law enforcement against people trying to avoid child support by crossing state lines. These efforts did manage a change in the welfare system, with significant reductions of the number of people on welfare and increases in child support collections (Clinton)."
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City Council Support Staff, 2008.
A report analyzing the cost effectiveness of hiring support staff for city council members.
825 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper describes a study intended to determine the feasability of hiring support staff to assist city council members with their workload. The paper discusses several aspects of the study, including data collection, cost implications and recommendations. The paper concludes that the reasonable cost of obtaining an employee support staff member for each City Council member is well worth the City's resources sometime in the future.
Table of Contents:
Background
Data Collection
Analysis
Coordination
Cost Implications
Recommendations
Specific Role of Public Policy Analyst
From the Paper
"At present, however, it is recommended that two secretaries be hired, one for half of the City Council, and one for the other. Further, it is recommended that two research assistants, or Public Policy Analysts, be hired, one for half of the City Council, and one to perform duties for the other half. This will allow each City Council member to perform their duties and responsibilities at an optimum level and capacity. Each new staff employee would assist the City Council members by alleviating their overwhelming workload, coordinating meetings, performing research on important legal and administrative issues."
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No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, 2008.
Looks at the leadership of Secretary of of Education Rod Paige during which the controversial No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) of 2001 was passed and implemented.
895 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Secretary of the Department of Education (DOE) from 2001 through 2005, Rod Paige, is a controversial figure. The paper describes Secretary Paige's primary responsibility for the initial passage and implementation of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), which has been the most sweeping educational reform legislation in a generation, intended to raise all schoolchildren in the United States to a uniform level of achievement by 2014. The paper then presents several important issues contributing to the failure of the DOE to fully come to terms with the complexities and enforced uniformities of NCLB. The paper concludes that Paige's own controversial stances and excessively strident political viewpoint may have reduced his potential effectiveness during his term.
From the Paper
"Paige went on to note that with over 15,000 individual school districts in the nation, with assessment and governance standards varying almost on a district-by-district level (and certainly on a state-by-state level), he made it a priority for his department to work closely with each state to institute appropriate assessment and accountability programs. He stated that this first goal was accomplished (in 2003) for all fifty states, in large part due to the cooperation of delegations from many states, which had been invited to meet with DOE leadership in Washington, D.C., to discuss their issues and concerns."
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International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2008.
A look at the harsh conditions the International Monetary Fund (IMF) imposed on developing nations receiving IMF assistance and the consequences of those conditions..
1,080 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper examines IMF policies and structural economic demands and how they affect national economies and local populations. The paper relates that, while such structural conditions to a country's economy might, for the most part be well intentioned, they often have disastrous outcomes or, at best, minimal benefit to the receiving nation The paper then presents suggestions for alternative assistance strategies for struggling nations.
Table of Contents:
Overview
The IMF and Jamaica
The Gender Factor
Possible Alternatives
From the Paper
"IMF SAPs are deigned to result in an increase in tradable goods and services that are defined as goods or services that can be traded on international markets rather than local markets. The indirect but clear impact on the local labor markets affected by IMF policies, such as Jamaica, is that while males that are more commonly employed in the non-tradable goods and services industries experience higher levels of unemployment, women, in contrast, are increasingly sought after to work the assembly and production lines that produce the tradable goods and services, they are still responsible for their child rearing, child care, and home-making duties."
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Americans Without Health Care, 2008.
An examination of the current US health care system, highlighting the necessity for the introduction of reform and improvements in order to assist all sections of the community.
1,186 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with the necessity to introduce a health care program in the US that is available to all persons and that deals with all relevant issues. The paper highlights the decline in the effectiveness of the current system and calls on the nursing profession to introduce a cost effective program and to encourage co-operation between patients and the health care programs. The paper continues by emphasizing that the nursing profession is in the front line and is able to introduce an affordable medical aid system to suit all facets of society.
Outline:
The issue
Background
Nurse's relevance on the issue
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The quality of health care continues to decline and be inadequate as crisis management is more and more becoming the patchwork solution for the nation's ineffectual healthcare system. This is not to say that there are not certain elements that of the current health care system that should not be maintained and continued. Reform should build upon the best parts of the current health care system and begin moving toward patient wellness and care. Nursing organizations realize what is needed in the area of reform and plan to convert rather than eliminate the current health care system."
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Wealth and Democracy, 2008.
This paper provides a review of Kevin Phillips' book, "Wealth and Democracy: A Political History of the American Rich".
1,255 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Kevin Phillips' book, "Wealth and Democracy: A Political History of the American Rich", examines the impact wealthy Americans have had on politics since America's colonial days in the eighteenth-century. The writer points out that the author's purpose in writing this book was to analyze the interaction between American governance and the accumulation of wealth. The writer also discusses that Phillips warns that such interaction have undermined the functioning of democracy to such an extent that our system of government resembles a plutocracy much more than it does a democracy. The writer concludes that the greatest strength of this book is its comprehensiveness and that readers should agree with Phillips' theme and conclusions despite the complex format of his book.
From the Paper
"The logic behind the topics of the chapters is based upon Phillips' intention to systematically reveal and analyze the interplay between politics, finance, and economics. For the most part, the chapters go together well to form the book, but coherence is lost at times because there is so much material to cover and the dynamics are so complex. The fit between the thesis of this book and the logic of the book's organization is not perfect by any means, but the historical, economic, political, and social scope of Wealth and Democracy is so broad that its organizational format had to be flexible in order for Phillips to support his thesis from all of these perspectives.
"Phillips places his work into the historiography of American politics and government by making a convincing case that democracy in this country has never really existed as the Founding Fathers intended it to exist."
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