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The Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon, 2007.
This study identifies the key mental processes involved in the tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon.
1,536 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the brain usually processes semantic information by first identifying lexical characteristics and then using that information to narrow its final word choice down to the target answer, but this form of processing does not take place in the tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon. The paper then focuses on this phenomenon and defines it as what happens when individuals report being unable to recall a specific word or target answer, but are able to produce generic recall responses that share semantic and phonological characteristics with each other and with the target word. The paper presents two hypotheses about the TOT phenomenon but then refutes them, showing that differences in incidences of the TOT phenomenon are not dependent on instructional context or on gender.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Discussion
From the Paper
"The tip of the tongue (TOT) phenomenon is one that arguably every human being is familiar with. According to Brown and McNeill (1966) in one of the first studies printed on the subject, the TOT phenomenon occurs when one cannot recall a word of which one has knowledge and yet has the impression that recall is imminent. Manufacturing "close" guesses as to the identity of the target word is common when an individual is in this state. It can range from forgetting the name of a friend, the street that an acquaintance lives on, or even the name of a television program."
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Marijuana as a Gateway Drug, 2007.
This paper examines how marijuana is considered a gateway for higher level drugs within American drug culture.
1,433 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper explains many of the social theories as to why marijuana is deemed a gateway drug for harder illegal drugs. The paper discuses statistical evidence that many young people find it safe to use marijuana, which leads them to heavier narcotic progressions in adulthood.
From the Paper
"In sociology the study of cultural norms and social policies created by authorities is one aspect of the drug culture of marijuana that has been a problem in America. For many analysts, the study of marijuana has often been connected with what is called a "gateway" drug for higher level narcotics. The "drug culture" that defines this issue on low level drugs is often connected through societal norms that encourage the validity of marijuana within multiple addiction scenarios. The government, as the major authority on the illegality of marijuana, sets the law and then enforces a penalty for breaking the rules. In this manner, the moral foundation for deviancy is created not only by the government, but also by local ethical or religious groups that find a commonality for social deviancy (Becker 133). This two-fold creation of governmental authority and moral authority (Churches, social organizations, etc.) relates directly to why marijuana users are easily demonized, but more so, these institutions often categorize the drug as an early stage primer for harder drugs."
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Autism, 2007.
An analysis of the characteristics of autism and issues related to its management and treatment.
1,166 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the issue of the disorder known as autism, or alternatively autism spectrum disorders. The paper describes the characteristics, etiology, assessment, treatment and management options of autism. It also provides pointers regarding specific concerns for christian counselors who deal with this type of disorder and its treatment.
From the Paper
"The second kind of approach is to comprehensive treatment programs that aim to increase the person's functioning. These programs typically involve thousands of treatment hours, and require an entire team of people with different specialties. These programs aim to change the course of the syndrome, so as to greatly reduce the amount of disability the individual suffers. This is particularly important in the long term, as children with autism grow into adults with autism - and without significant reductions in the levels of their disability, many of them will be unable to manage their lives in the way that most adults are able to do. (Rogers, 1998)"
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Social Anxiety, 2007.
This paper discusses social anxiety within the mental health practice.
2,754 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that persons with social anxiety tend to evaluate the situation prior to engagement and attach a level of emotional investment to the degree of stress created by social expectations. The writer maintains that social anxiety disorder is problematic but may be under-reported and under-appreciated in terms of its impact on the affected person. The writer concludes that steps must be taken to help facilitate the aid given to the affected person, especially through improving access to therapy tailored to that person's unique needs.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Search on Social Work Interventions
Cognitive Behavior Therapy
Psychoanalytical Theory and Therapy
Pharmacological Treatment
Assessment of Approaches
Social Work Response
From the Paper
"Social anxiety seems to be a universal condition in that it does not appear common to any one population. Social anxiety has been reported in people regardless of their age, gender, race, ethnicity, or cultural background. Researchers do note that some populations are more likely to be diagnosed with social anxiety than others, but this is true of most psychological conditions: affluent whites tend to have the financial resources to seek out aid for psychological problems and also are part of a culture in which psychological aid is generally accepted."
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Psychological Testing, 2007.
This paper looks at the reliability and validity of intelligence tests in education.
1,218 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that intelligence tests have long been a part of the educational landscape. The writer further points out that many tests have been used to determine intelligence and scholastic aptitude in elementary schools, middle grade schools, and in high schools. The writer discusses that some question does exist over the value of these tests in terms of validity and reliability, particularly in certain populations. This paper is used to briefly examine some of the issues that exist with the use of intelligence testing in the educational field.
Outline:
Literature Review
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Although still uncommon in an educational setting, one trend that must be reviewed is the use of online psychological testing. With computers increasingly present in schools and the availability of online courses later in life, online testing and assessment is a real possibility in the future.
Computerized testing, online or not, is a consideration as the potential inefficiencies of RTI are addressed. More students can be assessed and processed more efficiently, as well as more objectively, when computers are used. However, in the case of students with SLD, this potential trend may not be entirely beneficial. Internet testing has made updating and translating testing materials much easier. It is also easier to record and to compile data from Internet-based testing. Three kinds of testing typically appear on the Internet: tests for layperson use; diagnostic measures, such as the MMPI; and cognitive ability or certification tests."
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Ed Gein and his Use of Fantasy, 2007.
A look at the theory behind why Ed Gein carried out his gruesome murders.
1,539 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the use of fantasy in Eddie Gein's mind as he launched his horrific wave of murders in the late 1950s. The paper explores Gein's sexual frustrations, his curious inability to connect with women (or to find sexual gratification) in anything approaching a normal way, and his deeply conflicted relationship with an abusive and domineering mother. In the end, the paper suggests that Gein had fantasies about dominating and possessing women that were conjoined to murderous fantasies directed towards the maternal presence in his life.
From the Paper
"The theory being developed thus far is that Eddie Gein was an individual who was unable to connect with women from a very early age and this inability - perhaps because of his curious relationship to his mother (Bardsley & Bell, 2005a) - led him down a path whereby women became objects he had to possess and consume. Obviously, there are many sexually frustrated men who do not become sexual psychopaths like Edward Gein, but a potent combination of latent insecurities, perhaps a psychological predisposition towards doing malevolent things to others, and a strained family life in his formative years pushed him "over the edge" and into a life of unspeakable evil."
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Postpartum Depression, 2007.
This paper discusses postpartum depression and nursing knowledge.
1,533 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that pregnancy and new motherhood can be a period of distress, which subjects the mother to increased risk of psychological crisis, mental illness, and developmental disturbances. The writer points out that postpartum depression has repercussions for both mother and child. The writer discusses that postpartum depression produces a serious adverse effect on both maternal and infant behavior over the first year after birth, and can affect cognitive development. The writer explains that when postpartum depression is not recognized and is left untreated, it can result in infanticide or suicide; yet, postpartum depression is often missed by primary care teams. The issue in this paper is the prevention of postpartum depression and the focus is on education not only for the mother but also for nurses.
From the Paper
"Among the risk factors for postpartum depression are prenatal depression, low self-esteem, difficulties with child care, a high stress level, a low level of social support, poor marital relationship, difficult infant temperament, and maternity blues. The strongest risk factors were prenatal depression, prenatal anxiety, stress, lack of social support, and a history of depression before the pregnancy. Having a poor marital relationship is a moderate risk factor. Low risk factors consisted of obstetric factors such as complications due to pregnancy or delivery, low socioeconomic status, and having preterm infants or a delivery of multiple infants."
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Adolescent Counseling, 2007.
A case study outlining a treatment plan for an adolescent girl who has undergone assault over a long period of time.
1,740 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a treatment plan for a 14 year-old girl assaulted over a period of time by her step-father. The paper delves into the major goals and objectives of the treatment plan, the interventions which will be pursued and the people who will play an integral role in nursing her back to psychological health. The paper also incorporates the DSM-IV diagnosis approach and outlines the ethical and legal considerations which must be borne in mind at all times.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Child And Adolescent Counseling: Case Presentation And Treatment Plan
Introduction: Subject Description, Presenting Problems, Diagnosis, Goals, And Description Of Intervention
Client And Family Dynamics
Diagnosis using the DSM IV, 5-Axis
3 General Treatment Goals For This Client
3 Objectives For Each Goal
Rationale For Treatment Plan
From the Paper
"The three goals cited earlier in this paper were chosen because this child has a profound guilt complex that has led her towards two aborted suicide attempts. Further, because she is deeply withdrawn, she is forcing herself to shoulder all of her pain without others to assist her; she is also more likely to consider suicide again without others to dissuade her. Finally, it is clear she must re-capture her self-esteem or she will continue to repeat the "endless loop" she is on. Of all of these issues, it seems paramount to address her feelings of guilt, for she has enough to worry about without shouldering the blame for the despicable actions of another."
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Students' Expectations and Achievement, 2007.
This paper discusses whether the expectations students have affect their academic performance.
724 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper explores how students' expectations affect their grades and performance. The paper reveals that students who have high expectations do better than students who have low expectations. The paper shows how, while many educators are concerned about test scores of African-Americans, there are several factors that affect the test scores. The paper emphasizes how students who perceive themselves as doing well will do better than students who fail to believe in themselves.
From the Paper
"Jennifer entered college directly from high school. She has poor expectations for herself due to the fact that she was the first member in her family to go to college. Will the expectations that she has for herself affect her performance? Nancy has high expectations for herself concerning college because she had a 3.8 grade point average in college. Do the expectations students have about specific college classes affect their performance? How do different variables affect students' performances and should these be considered when students begin taking college courses? If students have positive attitudes about classes affect performance? How do negative attitudes affect students' performance?"
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Age, Peers and Delinquency Relationship, 2007.
A review of D. Mears and S. Field's article, "A Closer Look at the Age, Peers, and Delinquency Relationship".
1,280 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper summarizes and analyzes Mears and Field's article, "A Closer Look at the Age, Peers, and Delinquency Relationship". It provides an overview of the authors' research and discusses how the research was conducted, the subjects used and the findings from the research. The paper then presents the writer's personal opinion regarding the relevance and pertinence of the data presented by the authors and describes which findings were the most interesting and why.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Research Overview
Personal Opinion Regarding Research
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the end, Mears and Field's (2002) research is a step forward in understanding not only the previously known separate relationships between delinquency and age and delinquency and peer associations, but also builds upon the interrelationship between age and peer associations and their effect on delinquent behavior. The research used pertinent and relevant data, via the NYS, to draw these conclusions regarding the positive interrelationship and was able to provide interesting insight into specifically the types of offenses that were most significantly affected by this interrelationship. The article furthers the understanding of delinquent behavior and its causes."
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Impulse Control Disorder, 2007.
This paper researches the influence of neural transmitters on impulse control disorders.
1,661 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a research proposal and the final paper that explores the impact of serotonin, dopamine and GABA on impulse control disorders. The paper emphasizes the interactive nature of these three neural transmitters. The paper provides evidence that chemical imbalances in the brain can significantly disrupt or destroy the basic biological ability to control impulsive behaviors. The paper also shows how all research supports the interactive nature of the neuro-chemical basis of behavior.
From the Paper
"Literature from leading physician researchers on impulse related behaviors such as aggression, violence or addictive behaviors such as compulsive gambling states a stronger link exists between serotonin deficits and impulse dyscontrol than previously thought. Even fewer studies have studied adults with conduct disorders that are represented in the comprehensive literature review provided in the research paper. Other studies represented seek to demonstrate the effects of serotonin and the link between serotonin and both dopamine and GABA such that when there is a deficit in serotonin, deficits coexist in the other two."
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Antidepressants, 2007.
This paper looks at antidepressants and how they affect mood disorders.
772 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses antidepressants, a group of psychoactive medications that alleviate the signs and symptoms of mood disorders. The paper examines the prevailing theory of mood disorders and the psychopharmacologic effectiveness of anti-depressants. The paper looks at precautions and side effects in patients taking antidepressants and discusses the assessment of clinical progress.
From the Paper
"Antidepressants are a group of psychoactive medications that alleviate the signs and symptoms of mood disorders with a pre-dominantly depressive mood. By this definition, mood disorders such as bipolar disorders are medically managed differently. An understanding of the major mechanisms of action of these drugs can be best understood through understanding the pathogenesis of mood disorders. The prevailing theory of mood disorders, particularly major depressive disorder, lies in the imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly the decrease in the monoamines serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine, although the former has been the target of most psychopharmacotherapies."
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Freud and "Hamlet", 2007.
An analysis of Sigmund Freud's oedipal complex in "The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark" by William Shakespeare.
942 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to reveal Freud's psychological theory and psychoanalytical interpretation in regards to the character Hamlet in William Shakespeare's play "The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark". The paper looks at how, by assessing modern critical theory on Hamlet's character, one can understand that critics agree on Hamlet's insanity - via Freudian oedipal perspectives. The paper also shows how, by offering Freud's psychoanalytical analysis of Hamlet's character, one can understand the complexities of the Oedipus complex within William Shakespeare's dramatic forum.
From the Paper
"The element of Freud's contention that Hamlet seeks the erotic feminine love of his mother and to murder his father is apparent throughout the play. Although he is clearly making allusions to psychological behavior in conjunction with madness or insanity, Hamlet can also be perceived as a "brilliant fake, promoting madness so that his enemies might not think him a real threat to Claudius and his cronies" (Bloom 178). However, this rationale is not always apparent in the text. Hamlet does not show mastery over his obsessive urge to kill his father's enemies in a covert or disguised manner--he is openly acting out his unconscious desires in the Oedipal tradition. "
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Human Resource Management, 2007.
This paper explores the importance of performance and motivation issues with regards to human resources.
2,575 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that elevating and sustaining workers' high performance levels is an absolute necessity in today's intensely competitive culture. The paper discusses the importance of psychological motivation, which should be focused primarily upon providing a sense of self-worth and value in employees. The paper stresses that helping employees improve themselves enables them to help the company, business or organization prosper.
From the Paper
"In terms of performance, human resource management studies confirm that some employees have significant personal missions they seek to attain through meaningful work and accomplishments, while others dislike their jobs and are only working because they have to.
In this context, one of the primary challenges managers must address is the fact that all employees must be motivated to a certain extent, and inspired to interact with customers and co-workers, respect them, and to seek empowerment, for individual empowerment ultimately benefits everyone. (Dooley et al 115-132)"
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Anorexia Nervosa, 2007.
A discussion of the history and treatment options for anorexia nervosa.
1,021 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history and treatment of anorexia nervosa. It begins by analyzing its history and development since the times of Aristotle. The paper then looks at the predominant contributing factor to anorexia nervosa over recent decades - that of the mass media. Finally, the paper discusses the treatment options for anorexia - intensive inpatient programs, residential or partial hospitalization programs and various outpatient programs.
Table of Contents:
History
Treatment
Appendix
Charts and Tables
From the Paper
"To prevent relapse of the disorder, cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy is used. It is also common for clinicians to also make use of interpersonal and/or psychodynamically oriented individual or group psychotherapy to prevent relapse (Anonymous, 2006). "Because of anorexia nervosa's enduring nature, psychotherapeutic treatment is frequently required for at least 1 year and may take many years" (Anonymous, 2006, p. 8). Provided they have a good grounding in psychotherapy the patient may find support in 12-step groups such as Anorexics and Bulimics Anonymous or Overeaters Anonymous. These groups are often affiliated with the treatment program. The use of psychotropic medications after discharge is based on the individual patient's needs and their initial clinical presentation."
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