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Autism, 2007.
This paper evaluates an article by R.P. Hobson and J.A. Meyer tittled "Foundations for Self and Other: A Study in Autism" and published in a 2005 issue of "Developmental Science".
910 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper is a peer review of a study on autism, titled "Foundations for Self and Other: A Study in Autism". The author points out that, in this study, the researchers sought to delve into the issue of self-others relationship in developmental psychology and theory of mind, particularly in the context of autistic children. The paper concludes that, although this experiment was conducted based on sound theory, the methodology was so complex that replication will be difficult.
From the Paper
"The researchers suggest that points-to-self in normal children were decreased by inaccessibility to representations of self through the experimenter, whereas autistic children were relatively unaffected. The researchers re-affirmed previous studies on autistics' propensity for adapting a "third person" stance as well as normal children's "natural" propensity to model others and "see" one's self in others. The additional finding that nearly all the subjects placed the stickers on their own bodies without instruction but adjusted its position according to the experimenter's instruction, led the researchers to conclude that "cross-person representation" was at work."
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Psychology of Aging, 2007.
An examination of the psychology of aging with reference to models of selection, optimization and compensation (SOC).
1,657 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the pall that psychiatric disorders can place over elderly people. It also looks at elderly people's physical abilities with psycho-social determinant. The paper then focuses on the implications for models of "SOC" (selection, optimization and compensation) - in discussions of geriatric patients and what is meant by a normal or 'rational' patient.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
A Transforming Discovery
'Quality of Life'
What is 'Well-Being'?
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"Papers referred to in this paper manifesting an SOC approach can be recommended as one means of addressing psychosocial adjustments of old age, but as argued, one becomes aware of how much is ignored in such studies that pertains to the nature of geriatric experience and notably, the likelihood of mental health impairments that may be the most important variables in all adjustment and adaptation. Old age has been approached incorrectly , it is realized, in past assumptions to do with geriatric impairment and decline that do not match with reality, just as indications of impairment and decline have been misdiagnosed towards many missed opportunities to completely realign a patient's experience of old age. Psychologists may or may not have substantial roles to play in improving awareness of depression or sleep disorders as conditions to transform the patient, very often the patient's entire life situation, and with treatment not provided that could produce an entirely new fundamental situation."
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Hate Crimes, 2007.
This paper discusses informed consent, deception and research into controversial subjects, focusing on hate crimes.
1,600 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper refers to an important topic of social science ethics in how research projects are presented to subjects regarding controversial subjects, in this case, attitudes towards the victims of hate crimes, as members of racial minorities, or as gay or lesbian victims. The writer notes that in C.J. Lyons' study of 2006, "Stigma or Sympathy? - Attribution of Fault to Hate Crime Victims and Offenders" one finds reference to other studies on similar questions indicating that racist attacks were more condemned than those affecting gays or lesbians. The writer points out that if Lyons' research is accurate, educated attitudes towards gays and lesbians are not as accepting as might be assumed. The writer maintains that, as this paper ventures, much depends on how questions are presented to study participants or what they understand a study's purpose or hypotheses to be.
Outline:
Introduction
Method, Observations and 'Findings'
Implications
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"Lyons is a young scholar of crime and deviance, inter-group conflict, stratification and urban sociology whose work tends to be claimed by Social Psychology. His doctoral research centered on inter-racial hate crimes in Chicago. Of importance is how non-involved parties respond to incidents of hate crime and matters of contrast in reactions that brought into view lesser concern for hate crimes affecting homosexuals. It is implied that American attitudes have come to denounce racially motivated hate crimes, in direct sympathy for victims, while gay and lesbian victims may face indifference and further stigma. Perpetrators of crimes against persons of a different race were denounced but Lyons perceived that this was not as true when victims were gays or lesbians with far more questions regarding events, initial responses to insults, or how gay or lesbian victims engaged in disputes with persons to utter anti-gay remarks or threats."
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The Hertzberg Studies, 2007.
An analysis of the human resource implications of studies conducted by Frederick Hertzberg in the 1950s in Pittsburgh.
824 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Frederick Hertzberg's original studies on worker motivation have a useful place in the management techniques of all managers and HR professionals who are interested in improving workplace satisfaction and motivation. It looks at how in the European context, HR managers can use these techniques to avoid the pitfalls of wage differentials and traditional reward schemes that have plagued many American corporations and done little to improve satisfaction and motivation. It also contends that by following Hertzberg's studies and incorporating motivation factors directly into task designs, overall employee satisfaction and motivation should increase dramatically.
From the Paper
"Frederick Hertzberg was born in 1923, served in World War II, and eventually became a clinical psychologist in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Jewell, 2004). The most important and historically significant work he did during his time as a clinical psychologist was published in 1959 in the larger text, The Motivation to Work. His study, which was built on interviews with two hundred engineers and accountants working in the Pittsburgh area, was designed to better understand employee attitudes, behaviors, and motivations. "
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"Crash", 2007.
An analysis of two social psychological concepts via an examination of Paul Haggis' movie "Crash".
1,512 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper uses Paul Haggis' film, "Crash", to examine two concepts from social psychology, individualism versus collectivism, and persuasion with regard to attitudinal change. In particular, it looks at "Crash" and how Paul Haggis addresses quite bluntly the everyday racism of Los Angeles as eight characters of diverse backgrounds happen to intersect over a couple of days, changed by one event or recognition or another. The paper attempts to show how the film is helpful in its depiction of persons 'safely' distanced from one another, who can no longer be so on account of random incidents over a day or two and how all characters, as they are been brought to their senses, see the need for expansion and positive sense of collectivism in a disturbed city.
Outline:
Introduction
Individualism vs. Collectivism
Persuasion
Concluding Discussion
From the Paper
"Haggis's entire film is an exercise in persuasion as much as characters each undergo experiences to reveal their previous attitudes for what they were, redemption possible in putting aside the non-interaction of before, the recognition profound that all with whom they have dealt in the two days in Los Angeles have proven about like themselves. Within this concept, Alcock Et Al referred to a protection motivation model of human defense mechanisms centered on a belief in a serious threat, a person to feel vulnerable in some way, a person able to perform a recommended action, and belief that this action will be successful. (2005: 130-131) Chaudhuri Et Al noted the tendency towards cooperation in social dilemmas, as in unexpected disasters inducing sudden trust and reciprocity. (2002) If one does not sustain a crisis or another transforming experience, then one continues in the luxury of assumption, avoidance and exclusion. "
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Teen Violence, 2007.
This paper looks at the causes of teenage violence.
1,038 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the problem of teenage violence in society reflects the way certain influences shape the behavior of young people, notably peer pressure, media depictions, and the tensions of the teenage years. The writer points out that there is no one solution to the problem of teen violence, just as there isn't one type of teen violence, but an understanding of the variety of types of violence and of the influences on each can be a beginning to finding solutions. The writer concludes that the solutions to teenage violence that can be implemented now can be general, to reduce violence by getting young people to have more understanding of the consequences of their behavior, or specific, to reduce the possibility of one of the specific types of violence that are seen.
From the Paper
"Sports is only one of the sources for violent images that may affect young people. Dietz notes the prevalence of violence in video games, and especially gender violence that may shape the behavior of young males toward females. The process of socialization for boys and gilds is different from the first, and each is encouraged to adopt certain traits characterized as masculine or feminine. These traits then affect the roles these individuals assume, as do images from television programs and advertisements. The popularity of video games gives the images in these games even greater power today, and Dietz notes how the lessons in many video games may contribute to a pervasive idea of male power over the female and so lead to gender violence."
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Substance Abuse and Parents, 2007.
This paper discusses the issue of substance abuse and parental functioning.
1,348 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the issue of determining the best parenting styles is a consistent topic among psychologists, parents, physicians and other professionals. The writer points out that typically parents desire to raise their children to be productive members of society and provide them with the essentials of life that will allow them to grow into healthy and confident human beings. The writer then discusses that when the parent is addicted to a particular substance the concern for that individual's parenting style is of even greater concern. The writer maintains that the effectiveness of the parenting styles of substance abusers can only be measured by the children of these individuals and the impact that the substance abuse has had on their lives. The writer concludes that when it is apparent that children of substance abusers are significantly more likely to abuse drugs or alcohol, become sexually promiscuous or live deviant lifestyles than children of non-abusers, it would appear that the parenting styles of substance abusers are insufficient.
From the Paper
"The purpose of the study was to focus on the parenting of the mothers and fathers that raised these individuals, in comparison to the parenting styles of the addicts that participated in the study. The researchers found that all of the addicts that were evaluated believed that they were better parents of their own children than their parents had been to them. The researchers also found that in each case the addict felt a closer emotional connection to his or her mother and believed that the mother had been the primary caregiver in the home. However, of the addicts surveyed it was discovered that almost all of the parents that raised the individuals had a substance abuse problem involving alcohol."
"In relation to their own children the addicts believed that they were more stable and that they provided a better environment than their own parents."
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Depression and the Internet, 2007.
An overview of the diagnosis and treatment of depression with a focus on self-help programs over the Internet.
1,045 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how depression is a long-lived disease that spans many years and how those who have depression in childhood or adolescence are more prone to depression in adulthood. In particular, it looks at how the treatment of depression may be aided by using the Internet. It also discusses how further longitudinal study of childhood and adolescent depression would be beneficial in determining if Internet diagnoses and treatments would be efficacious.
Outline:
Introduction
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"A study conducted by Harrington, Fudge, Rutter, Pickles, and Hill (1990) provided the impetus for this current research. Harrington et al. indicated a higher rate of depression and suicide in adults who had already experienced it as children. However, there appeared to be no greater risk of psychiatric disorders unrelated to depression than the control group.Some relationship does appear to exist between childhood or adolescent depression and depression in adulthood. Fombonne, Wostear, Cooper, Harrington, and Rutter (2001) found that the relapse rate for adults who had experienced depression as children was "high.""
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Treating Schizophrenia, 2007.
A comparison of cognitive behavioral therapy and drug therapy for the treatment of schizophrenia.
1,677 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the treatment options available for schizophrenia. It begins by defining schizophrenia and describing its diagnosis. It examines cognitive behavioral therapy and drug therapy for the treatment of schizophrenia and evaluates which one is more effective. The paper concludes that drug therapy is a more effective therapy for treating schizophrenia than cognitive behavioral therapy.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Justification of Position
Conclusion
From the Paper
"However, what is quite clear is that the newer atypical antipsychotics do have fewer side-effects than regular antipsychotic therapies. Moreover, clinical trials are revealing which particular side-effects are associated with which particular drug, so that clinicians are being increasingly enabled to select a drug whose side-effects are most compatible with particular patients. For example, it is now known that olanzapine and clozapine are more likely than other drugs to have side-effects such as insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes, increased blood lipids/cholesterol, and/or weight gain. Therefore, clinicians can choose not to prescribe these to patients at high risk for any of these factors. (Lublin, Eberhard and Levander, 2005)"
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Armstrong's Physiochemical Basis for Mental States, 2007.
An analysis of David Armstrong's arguments in "The Nature of Mind".
1,581 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses David Armstrong's "The Nature of Mind", which presents an attack on the behaviorist model of the nature of the mind and mental states. The paper first discusses Armstrong's arguments and analyses. It then concludes that Armstrong's intentions and arguments are quite valid, but the evidence supporting his position is sorely lacking.
From the Paper
"Logic can be used to prove any position, even with identical data sets--this is the danger of critical work performed in the humanities and social sciences. Unlike the hard sciences--such as molecular biology or astrophysics--is more difficult in the humanities to create situations and data that cannot be explained away using a variation of the prevailing theory. Its disciples defend the theory despite any evidence to the contrary. And though this does occur in the hard sciences to some degree, experiments are designed to disprove existing hypothesis, not set up conditions by which they can be confirmed. In asserting the dominance of scientific consensus in regard to conceptions of the human mind, Armstrong should have followed that lead and based his argument on the evidence that exists instead of suggesting a theory and then performing logical and linguistic acrobatics to demonstrate its validity."
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The Extrovert's Personality, 2007.
A case study analysis of the personality traits of an extrovert and its advantages and disadvantages.
1,797 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews personal test results in a case assessment that discusses personality testing and personality traits in light of the Big Five personality traits. It presents the case study and then analyzes the personality traits of the case individual. The paper examines characteristics specific to the extrovert, the advantages of being an extrovert at home and in the professional environment and finally discusses the disadvantages of being an extrovert.
Table of Contents:
Case study: Temitope Adegoke
Personality Theories and Testing
Extroverts
Type of Organization
Type of Job
Advantages and Disadvantages of Being an Extrovert
From the Paper
"Ratih (2002) states the extrovert's level of self-confidence, talkativeness and attention seeking behavior will lead the extrovert to dominate discussion groups, classes or professional meetings. This can be seen as both an advantage and disadvantage depending on the situation. If in a business setting, other group members or others attending a meeting are reticent for one reason or another to come forward with ideas, the extrovert will likely voice his thoughts and move the topic ahead, often choosing a course of action, driving things forward in a dynamic manner, having a strong persuasive style ("Discussion online," 2003)."
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Schizophrenia, 2007.
An analysis of the symptoms, treatment and treatment outcomes of schizophrenia.
1,194 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the treatment and symptoms of schizophrenia. The paper describes the classification of schizophrenia and how it presents itself. It looks at different theories about the biological causes of the disorder. It then looks at the issues of treatment that exist today and describes the possible outcome of treatment. The paper specifically focuses on the use of pharmacotherapies.
From the Paper
"Most of the sufferers in the United States receive lifelong government subsidies in the form of Social Security disability, Medicaid, and Medicare payments. While the typical chronic patient has usually had between six and thirty hospitalizations in his or her life, lasting from one to four weeks, both the number and the duration of hospitalizations has been declining steadily because the nation has been limited inpatient care for severely mentally ill patients (Meltzer, 1999, p. 4). More and more physicians have been using atypical antipsychotics to treat schizophrenia (Meltzer, 1999, p. 7)."
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Employee Motivation in the Public Sector, 2007.
An examination of motivation in the public sector and how leadership affects it.
2,312 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses motivation and motivational factors within the context of the public sector from the 1990s onwards. It examines motivation as a new primary function of management and analyzes team and interpersonal communication factors that can affect motivation. The paper then reviews motivation itself and what determines it and examines the impact of leadership on motivation.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Overview
The Managerial Role
Teamwork and Communication
Rewards and Recognition
Role of Leadership in Motivation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Leadership differs from motivation in that leadership is a quality or a characteristic while motivation is a device that organizations and leaders utilize to achieve performance results from employees and staff members. Some researchers argue that because of the drastic changes to the economic and commercial environment in the 21st century it is more incumbent on management to acquire leadership skills and qualities than that of simple motivational qualities (Bass, 2000, para.3). Leadership qualities answer the needs of the 21st century business environment by endowing the practitioner of managerial leadership the ability to make adjustments to decisions, processes, and objectives in real time without constant referral to higher authority. Additionally, a true manager who is a leader is able to not only select individuals as being capable of performing independently but to inspire greater performance in the execution of their tasks."
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Sense of Self, 2007.
An analysis of the development of sense of self through the texts "Cathedral" by Raymond Carver, "The Fat Girl" by Andre Dubus and "Rules of the Game" by Amy Tan.
762 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how one's sense of self develops and sustains itself. It particularly looks at the psychological and environmental factors that influence one's sense of self. The paper focuses on three texts and their insights into the development of sense of self -"Cathedral" by Raymond Carver, "The Fat Girl" by Andre Dubus and "Rules of the Game" by Amy Tan. The paper then compares the influence of these texts to the writer's own personal experiences and beliefs and how they have influenced his sense of self.
From the Paper
" In his short story, "The Fat Girl", Andre Dubus provides compelling insights into how one's sense of self, which is based primarily upon internal psychological and emotional factors, can conflict with the sense others have of one. He emphasizes this by choosing to describe the emotional appearance of his characters instead of their physical appearance. (Dubus 86-102) This approach clarifies why the perceptions of others can be so different from one's own sense of self, for those perceptions are based to a great extent upon physical appearance, while one's own sense of self is based upon one's own hopes, fears, and beliefs."
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Death and Children, 2007.
This paper discusses personal and African cultural attitudes towards death.
1,244 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The writer demonstrates how Africa's culture in general denies death and denies children a healthy expression of grief. The writer relates that children internalize signs of grief such as depression and withdrawal, or they externalize grief as anger, aggression or behaviors that are not socially condoned. The writer describes how his/her own childhood was impacted with cultural attitudes that produced a lasting effect on his/her view of death and ability to grieve. The writer concludes that on both a personal level and a wider scale, the emotional issues related to loss need to be addressed.
From the Paper
"Africa is comprised of many regions with different racial and religious groups as well as various issues related to death and grief. In general, however, the cultural norms and socialization agents tend to be the same. Death, especially as it affects children, is denied, and before adolescence children are not allowed to have any association with funerals or other rituals. Meanwhile, Africa has one of the highest death rates in the world. Certain people on that continent see the reality of death for what it is, where death is linked to global inequality. For the most part, death is perceived in terms of superstition."
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