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Highly Attractive Models in Advertising, 2007.
A look at the negative effects associated with using highly attractive models for advertising beauty products.
3,083 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 31 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the use of highly attractive models (HAMS) for advertising beauty products and attempts to settle the question that has plagued the advertising industry and their clients of whether HAMS may actually have a negative impact on the viewer rather than a positive one. The paper sets the research objectives and explores the theoretical basis for the proposal. It also applies the theories to advertising in both the print and television media and examines the research model including key constructs and relationships.
Outline:
Background
Significance
Research Objectives
Theoretical Background
Research Model
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Several theories can be used to explain how people view models in both television and magazine ads. The most well-known is Festinger's social comparison theory, which is the foundation of modern advertising theory. Festinger (1954) introduced the theory that humans possess an innate drive to evaluate their opinions and abilities by comparing them to the opinions and abilities of others. According to this theory, people only evaluate themselves against others that are similar to themselves. If the model is viewed as too different, then they will not use them for social comparison. Stuart Hall introduced the idea that the audience could attribute several possible meanings to the message conveyed by the media and that this message is influenced by the context and cultural background of the receiver (Tomlinson, 1991). "
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Nursing and Personality Theory, 2007.
An overview of Erik Erickson's personality theories as applied to nursing.
778 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an examination of personality theories by famed theorist Erik Erickson and looks at how the theory applies to the field of nursing. The paper also explores the theory of locomotor development and explains how it is used in the author's daily profession as a nurse.
Outline:
Introduction
The Theory
Using it in Nursing
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the field of pediatric nursing, the understanding of Erickson's personality theory can be extremely useful. Knowing what the theory believes and what the various stages of childhood development entail, provides an excellent backdrop for nurses to be significantly more equipped when it comes to handling their young patients.
When children are seen in the office, it can be a scary and sometimes overwhelming experience for them. If they are between the ages of 2-6, a nurse who understands the locomotor theory of Erickson can use it to help the child feel comfortable and in control of their environment and the medical events of their lives. "
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Poe, Reason and the Irrational, 2007.
This paper discusses the work of Edgar Allan Poe's as it relates to reason and the irrational.
8,527 words (approx. 34.1 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 180.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that a significant literary tradition exists questioning the defining characteristics of madness, as not deviant behavior but behavior associated with brilliance. The writer then points out that discussions of the literary interpretation of madness as a form of brilliant understanding, is expressed through the works of Edgar Allan Poe so effectively that even his interpretation of the mundane as horrible, can be called into mind on the issue of analogous representations. The writer maintains that when speaking of Poe and his contribution to literature one expert expressed that the analogous idea of the mundane as filled with horror was not based upon the reality of the object but on its interpretation by the individual character and therefore his or her readers.
Outline:
Introduction
Morality
Intuition and Reason
The Death of Reason
Power
Supernatural
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The defining characteristics, of madness in the literary and cultural determinism present in Poe's 19th century and now our 21st century worlds are associated not with the inability of an individual to function, within a normal scope of human cultural existence but with his inability to function within such a context while still knowing so much more than the average man. The individual, whom the norm expresses as possessed of madness has both superior reasoning and increased knowledge, including greater knowledge than the leaders of average men, who are in and of themselves leaders, likely to be average as well, as a product of their ability to possess power among those whose admiration is based on normalcy and who constantly seek the clues of congruence to determine their trust in another and self. Poe expresses this idea masterfully in Marginalia, when he expresses that seeking the brilliant in the historical would require one to discount the great and look for those who were condemned to death or who died in obscurity within the walls of an asylum or prison."
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Compulsive Spending Disorder, 2007.
This paper discusses compulsive spending disorder as part of bi-polar disorder, an addiction and a distraction.
3,765 words (approx. 15.1 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that compulsive spenders have the compulsion and drive to spend, unique feelings about shopping, a tendency to spend, experienced dysfunctional spending and post-purchase guilt. The author points out that, when the comparison shopper feels 'the thrill of the hunt and the glory in the kill' of finding a lower price for something that has high value to others, there is a danger that a compulsive bargain hunter can become addicted to this activity. The paper concludes that, although compulsive spending is beginning to be accepted as a defined psychological illness, there is little help for the person with this behavior other than a strong desire to seek counseling or self-treatment.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Who Is the Compulsive Spender?
Profile
Age
Personality
Gender
Compulsive Spending Behavior as Part of Pathological Illness
Bipolar Disorder
How Bipolar Disorder Affects Lives
Treatment
Compulsive Spending Behavior as an Addiction
The Effect of Addiction
Shopping and Window Shopping as a Distraction
Effects of Addiction
The Act of Shopping
The Owning of Objects
Bargain Hunting
Binge Shopping
Codependent Spending
Bulimic Spending
Compulsive Spending As a Symptom
The Financial Aspect of Compulsive Spending
Financial Recognition of Compulsive Spending
Types and Treatments
Denial as an Aspect of Addiction
Treatments for Compulsive Spending Behavior
Professional Counseling
Self-Help
Discipline
From the Paper
"When a person is insecure about their self-image, they may seek to enhance or extend their self-image in their own and others' eyes. In so doing, they overspend. The compulsive spender then feels guilt and shame over spending too much and finding him or herself in debt. As a result, he or she may become secretive about the problem. In order to overcome the negative, inadequate feelings created by the addiction, he or she indulges again, lying to cover up how much was spent, throwing away price tags and receipts, doing financial juggling with checkbooks and savings, borrowing from other people and borrowing from one line of credit to pay another, "maxing out" their credit cards and doing anything to get money to cover up their addiction. "
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Positive Risk-Taking, 2007.
This paper examines research regarding a gene related to thrill-seeking behavior.
6,238 words (approx. 25.0 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 146.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that there are scientists that now say that the 'thrill-seeking gene' has been discovered. The writer notes that, according to researchers, people who have this gene are somewhat more likely to be outgoing, adventurous types who like to bungee jump, skydive, and mountain climb. Some of the research suggests that people with this gene can also be prone to violence, but this is more due to environmental factors and not due entirely to the gene itself. The writer relates that the gene, known to scientists as D4DR, is found on a specific chromosome and thought to be the cause of thrill-seeking behavior. The writer concludes that scientists have been fascinated with this type of issue for many, many years, but this is not necessarily a good thing in some respects, as there are sometimes reasons why specific issues should be left alone instead of changed or addressed by science.
Outline:
Introduction
The Research
The Opposite of Thrill Seekers
Personality Theories
Other Influences
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the studies performed in Israel and the United States, people were asked to fill out a personality questionnaire. After they had completed the questionnaire, they had their blood drawn and genetically analyzed. The analysis showed that people who had questionnaire answers that were more excitable and exploratory also had the longer version of the thrill seeking gene. Those whose answers were more reflective and reserved had the shorter version. It may not actually be the gene, but the size of the gene that is relevant in relation to thrill seeking behavior."
"Circumstances surrounding the person's upbringing and adult life could also have a definite effect on how the person displays their thrill seeking tendencies. According to researchers, the person could turn out to be a war hero, an extreme skier, or a violent murderer, depending on the circumstances they are in and the outlets that they can find in which to express their desire for thrill seeking behavior."
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Alex Molnar, 2007.
This paper looks at Alex Molnar's approach to changing behavior and argues that even though Molnar's approach is an old idea, it is still one of the best.
5,157 words (approx. 20.6 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 129.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that throughout the country, at-risk adolescents regularly experience many varied behavioral problems in school, including low grades or proficiency scores, a high number of school absences, disciplinary infractions, grade retention and dropping out. In many cases, the writer notes that the continual experiences of economic pressure, unstable family relationships, and a negative environment, in conjunction with the stress and uncertainty of daily life responsibilities and expectations may be too overwhelming to handle. The writer maintains that an approach by Alex Molnar for changing behavior, that dates back to the 1980s, is a reversal of this negative paradigm - thinking that a student has a positive reason for his/her behavior. The writer claims that this is an old way of looking at an old problem in a new way. The writer concludes that what Molnar suggests for educators to do unfortunately goes contrary to standard human behavior--thinking the worst before the best. However, as shown many times, if these teachers are able to transpose their own thoughts and behaviors, they can greatly enhance the entire classroom ecosystem.
Outline:
Introduction
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Although problematic behavior by adolescents has long been a given at public schools in the United States, it was not until the end of the 19th century that cities began to face the issue and only early in the 20th century that an emphasis was placed on the emotional health needs of these troubled youths. Since then, this issue has received increasing prominence with the dissemination of numerous studies, models, and authoritative reports on how to work with children and adolescents with emotional and behavioral needs by educators and government."
"Studies began to research information about the causations of problem behavior, which was then incorporated into specific prevention and intervention programs. As they began to analyze similar problem areas, researchers recognized the common antecedents."
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Abortion, 2007.
A discussion regarding the controversial topic of abortion.
1,305 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the issue of abortion. According to the paper, about 24 percent of all pregnancies end in abortion. The paper reviews the reasons why women opt for abortion, and further discusses the impact that the abortion has on these women.
From the Paper
"Making the decision about whether or not to have an abortion is of course the most significant part of the immediate process. However, if the decision is made to abort, then the woman needs to find a place for the procedure. It is important to find a counselor with whom she can speak about this choice, even if having a support system. She has to talk through her thoughts and feelings as well as find out what is involved medically. This will help relieve the stress involved."
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Obesity, 2007.
An in-depth look at the issue of obesity and weight loss, and the effect that it has on an individual's self image and on the individual's partner or spouse.
5,021 words (approx. 20.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 126.95
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Abstract
This paper aims to gain a better understanding of the experience of obesity, weight loss and its treatment from the perspectives of the formerly obese individual and his or her partner and their experience as a couple. To this end, this study describes the participants' experienced meanings as opposed to describing overt actions or behaviors.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Overview of the Study
Purpose of the Study
Need for the Study
Theoretical Framework
Definition of Terms
Research Questions
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature
Chapter 3: Methodology
Overview
Rationale for the Methodology
Semi-Structured Interviews
Population, Setting and Sample
Participants
Procedure
Instruments
Researcher Information and Biases
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Ethical Considerations
Trustworthiness of the Data
Summary
Chapter 4: Data Analysis
Chapter 5: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
Principal Investigator's Vita Auctoris
From the Paper
"Participation in at least a self-prescribed weight loss program was required of the participants. A specific weight loss program or treatment modality was not part of the neither inclusion nor exclusion criteria. Little emphasis on treatment is in the literature review. The NHLBI algorithm for using BMI to evaluate and establish guidelines for treatment of adult obesity is provided at the appendix. Children and adolescents stories replete with childhood experiences and a significant percentage of obese children remain obese as adults. In fact, this generation may be the first where parents routinely outlive their children. "
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Obesity, 2006.
An in-depth look at the issue of obesity and weight loss, and the effect that it has on an individual's self image and on the individual's partner or spouse.
36,606 words (approx. 146.4 pages), 100 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper aims to gain a better understanding of the experience of obesity, weight loss and its treatment from the perspectives of the formerly obese individual and his or her partner and their experience as a couple. To this end, this study describes the participants' experienced meanings as opposed to describing overt actions or behaviors.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Overview of the Study
Purpose of the Study
Need for the Study
Theoretical Framework
Definition of Terms
Research Questions
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature
Chapter 3: Methodology
Overview
Rationale for the Methodology
Semi-Structured Interviews
Population, Setting and Sample
Participants
Procedure
Instruments
Researcher Information and Biases
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Ethical Considerations
Trustworthiness of the Data
Summary
Chapter 4: Data Analysis
Chapter 5: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
Principal Investigator's Vita Auctoris
From the Paper
"Participation in at least a self-prescribed weight loss program was required of the participants. A specific weight loss program or treatment modality was not part of the neither inclusion nor exclusion criteria. Little emphasis on treatment is in the literature review. The NHLBI algorithm for using BMI to evaluate and establish guidelines for treatment of adult obesity is provided at the appendix. Children and adolescents stories replete with childhood experiences and a significant percentage of obese children remain obese as adults. In fact, this generation may be the first where parents routinely outlive their children. "
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Marijuana and Depression, 2007.
An analysis of the effects of marijuana use on depression.
1,843 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 24 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
The objective of this paper is to investigate the link between marijuana use and depression with a focus on pointing out previous research findings concerning the effect of marijuana use on depression. Further, the question of whether marijuana use causes depression is addressed and whether marijuana use tends to increase or decrease depression. It also examines instruments used by the researcher in assessing depression levels among marijuana users and addresses the question of whether medical marijuana use among chronically ill patients has been found to reduce depression.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Studies Show That Marijuana Users Have 'Less' Depression
Teens, Depression and Marijuana
Summary of Literature Reviewed
From the Paper
"In a study on teens and marijuana use in relation to depression having developed after regular use of marijuana Miki Sofer, writer for the Stanford Daily reports in the article entitled: "Depression and Marijuana: Does Pot Smoking Put You at a Higher Risk for Depression, or Does the Link Work the Other Way?" states that a study which involved individuals who were inexperienced with marijuana use which was conducted by Dr. Michael T. Lynskey and colleagues in the Psychiatry Department at the Washington University Medical School in St. Louis which was a research into the "function of genetic and environmental variables and the relationship between early-onset marijuana use and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). "
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Teaching Defiant Students, 2007.
This paper discusses classroom strategies for teaching defiant students, looking at rules, consequences and rewards.
4,383 words (approx. 17.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 115.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer examines successful working scenarios that keep defiant students in the classroom and cause them to be a positive element in the classroom. The writer notes that classroom discipline is reported to be the number one concern of Americans regarding the public school system. The opinions are wide and varied. This paper examines how to create and maintain student discipline with emphasis on the defiant student. The writer concludes that reinforcement of positive behavior is critical while ignoring negative behavior is best practice. Further, the writer maintains that the student who is disruptive is many times attention-seeking therefore ignoring the 'bad' behavior while commending 'good' behavior is effective in making behavioral changes possible for the defiant child in the classroom.
Outline:
Chapter One
Research Question
Purpose of Study
Background
Statement of Problem
Significance of Study
Research Question
Definitions
Chapter Two
Historical Overview
Figure 1
Figure 2
Current Findings
Rules
Consequences and Rewards
Summary of Literature Review
Chapter Three
Classroom Application
Methodology
Bibliography
From the Paper
"It is shown in Figure 1 that the manifestation of the behaviors is different with different ages. Generally children will lessen in deviancy of behavior, reach a plateau or reverse to a level that is less serious in nature. In order that the child effectively counter development of behavior that is disruptive the child must acquire several different pro-social developmental tasks. The first of these the child must learn is to solve interpersonal problems without aggression either verbally or physically. Secondly the child must master the developmental task of being honest and learning to respect the property of others."
"A model for the developmental pathways in disruptive and delinquent behavior was developed by Loeber and Scaling (1985) in their meta-analysis of 28 studies of disruptive child behaviors which were rated by parents and teachers. Three ratings of disruptive behavior exist in this model with overt behavior on one pole and covert behavior on the other and disobedience placed precisely in the middle of the scale."
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Developmental Disabilities, 2007.
An analysis of effective transition practices for students with developmental disabilities.
3,105 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the challenges experienced by individuals who have developmental disabilities necessitate accessibility to transition practices and services. It looks at how these services aid individuals through the fostering of skills and provision of support, which may improve the likelihood that developmental disabilities will not hold individuals back from living up to potential and achieving goals. It contends that providing the skills, resources and support to ensure successful transition to adult life for students with developmental disabilities should be a priority for educators, clinicians and parents. The process should be approached from a longitudinal perspective, beginning in elementary school and extending through high school, into working life, and should continually be monitored and attended to throughout adult life.
From the Paper
"It is important to evaluate what types of educational and transitional experiences are most conducive to optimal functioning by individuals with developmental disabilities in integrated, post-school settings (Neubert, Moon, Grigal, 2002). Key features of successful transition practices have been identified, such as age-appropriate social interactions with same-age peers, attending classes and social functions on college campuses, working in the community, as well as participation in community-based instruction during the last few years of school (Neubert et al., 2002). Research has indicated a specific need for specialized transition services for individuals with developmental disorders who are between the ages of 18 and 21, which must include choices in regards to education, career, and support services (Neubert et al., 2002). "
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Marijuana and Quality of Life, 2007.
This paper discusses the use of marijuana as it relates to the quality of life.
2,738 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 41 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that academic literature contains an abundant amount of material on the effects of marijuana use. The writer notes that there are many areas in which researchers are in agreement, such as the connection between marijuana use and cognitive impairment. However, there are other areas that are more controversial, such as the connection between marijuana use and mental illness. The writer maintains that regardless of the side that you are on in this debate, there is a concern over the effects of marijuana use on a person's quality of life. This essay addresses literature regarding four areas affecting the quality of life. It addresses marijuana use and general well-being, interpersonal relationships, occupational activities, organizational activities, and leisure activities.
Outline:
Literature Review
The Effects Of Marijuana Use On General Well-Being
The Effects Of Marijuana Use On Interpersonal Relationships
The Effects Of Marijuana Use On Occupational Activities
The Effects Of Marijuana Use On Organizational Activities
The Effects of Marijuana Use On Leisure And Recreational Activities
Summary
From the Paper
"These studies add weight to the argument that marijuana uses decreases a person's sense of general well-being. The argument is supported by single-researcher longitudinal studies with large sample population. It is also supported by studies that attempted to isolate the dependent variable and to control for confounding variables. The evidence is overwhelming. Many studies were found to support the correlation between marijuana use and the development of psychotic disorders."
"It has been argued that a person's genetics and predisposition towards psychotic behavior are more important than marijuana use. However, it was found that an analysis of 2,437 subjects with a genetic predisposition for psychotic illness, those that smoked marijuana still had an increased risk of developing psychotic illness, when compared to those that did not."
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Child Sexual Abuse, 2007.
This paper reviews research studies about child sexual abuse, with an emphasis on how child sexual abuse negatively impacts society as a whole.
2,440 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that child sexual abuse, which occurs across all ethnic, racial, socioeconomic, and religious groups, poses a significant public health problem to U.S. society. The author points out that the direct costs to society include hospitalization, chronic health problems and law enforcement. The author also points out that the indirect costs are problems such as juvenile delinquency, special education needs and criminal behavior, which are much more common among childhood victims of abuse. The paper relates that children who have been abused sexually and adult survivors of child sexual abuse often suffer a range of psychological and behavioral problems in both the short and long term. The paper includes a table showing types of child sexual abuse.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Methodology
Findings
Impact of Child Sexual Abuse on Individuals
Impact of Child Sexual Abuse on Society
Undisclosed Abuse: Hidden Implications
Conclusions and Discussion
From the Paper
"Research shows that male victims are less likely to report the abuse, more likely to blame themselves for the abuse, and more likely to act out aggressively in response to it (Overstolz, 2001). Like female victims, male victims feel guilt and self-blame, low self-esteem and self-image, problems with intimacy, sexual dysfunction, substance abuse and depression and symptoms of post-traumatic stress syndrome. Many male victims try hard to "prove" their masculinity by having multiple female sex partners; sexually, physically or verbally victimizing others; or displaying dangerous or violent behaviors. They may have negative feelings about their own sexuality, confusion over gender and sexual identity, and may experience feelings of inadequacy. They may also have a sense of lost power, control and confidence in their manhood."
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Drug Abuse and Health, 2007.
This paper explores substance abuse as a relevant health issue today.
2,089 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses alcohol and tobacco and illegal / illicit drugs, which includes stimulants, depressants, hallucinogenics and analgesics. The paper discusses the different health problems and symptoms of these drugs. The paper examines the factors that influence an individual to start using drugs and become dependent. The paper looks at treatment and intervention for those with drug abuse problems and concludes that new breakthroughs and treatment options are needed.
Outline:
The Different Types of Drug Abuse
Risk Factors
Treatment and Intervention
Controversy
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Alcohol is made by fermenting natural ingredients. When consumed, alcohol enters the blood stream and creates intoxication, making it difficult to function normally. Like many drugs, alcohol affects brain and body function in the both the short and long term (Volkow 29). Judgment and motor control are short-term effects, while liver damage and higher risk for cancer are long term risks (Hobson, par. 3)."
"Tobacco, like alcohol, is a legal drug available to adults. It is available loose (for pipes and rolled cigarettes), in cigarette form, and in cigars. The addictive drug nicotine makes tobacco smoking addictive (NYA: Smoking, par. 1). Tobacco is a natural product, but it is sometimes enhanced chemically or includes additives. Despite the addition of filters to cigarettes, the smoke inhaled contributes to lung cancer, heart disease, and ill health (NYA: Smoking, par. 1-2). Use of tobacco products gives users a momentary high. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), individuals often start smoking for social reasons and then find themselves addicted when they want to stop (1)."
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