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Performance Measures, 2007.
This paper discusses the correlation between performance measures, reward systems and job satisfaction.
18,132 words (approx. 72.5 pages), 70 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
In this study, the writer notes that performance measures have long been utilized in both the private and public sectors. The widespread use of performance measures exist because there are a plethora of benefits associated with such measures. In this study, the main foci are performance measurement, reward systems and job satisfaction. The research contained in this discussion is evidentiary of a definitive relationship between performance measurement and employee attitudes concerning job satisfaction. One can also conclude from this discussion that job satisfaction is directly associated with, motivation, expectancy, and reward systems. The writer points out that researchers have consistently found that people are motivated by both intrinsic and extrinsic values as it relates both to job satisfaction and performance in the workplace. Further, the writer notes that intrinsic motivation pertains to personal goals and objectives while extrinsic motivation is associated with both monetary and non-monetary rewards.
Table of Contents:
Introduction to the Literature Review
An Overview and Purpose
Organization of the Review, Scope, and Library Research Plan
Organization of the Review
Library Research Plan
Interest, Significance, and Rationale for the Critical Analysis
Review of the Literature
Introduction
Frameworks for Performance Measurement
Overview
Financial Performance Measures (DuPont Pyramid)
Performance Measurement Matrix
Strategic Measurement and Reporting Technique (SMART)
Macro Process Model of the Organization
The Balanced Scorecard
Individual Job Performance and Performance Measurement
Contextual Performance
Task Performance
Adaptive Performance
Conducting Ratings/Appraisals and the Ratings Formats Utilized
Graphic Rating Scales (GRS)
Behaviorally Anchored Ratings Scales (BARS)
Mixed Standard Scales (MSS)
Performance Distribution Assessment Method
Computerized Adaptive Rating Scales (CARS)
Rewards Related to Performance: Impact on Employees
Rewards for performance
Risks associated with Rewards for Performance Systems
Examples of Rewards for Performance Systems
Function of Monetary Rewards
Function of Non-monetary Rewards
Implications for Rewards for Performance Systems
Implementation of balanced Incentives
Cultivating a culture of Commitment to Improve Performance
Job Satisfaction
Discussion of the Literature
Summary and Interpretations
Theoretical Literature
Empirical Literature
Conclusions
Recommendations
Theoretical Reformulations
Empirical Studies
From the Paper
"In addition, after studying performance measurements within service industries Fitzgerald et al. developed a framework placing measures into two basic types. These measures include those that are correlated to results such as competitiveness and financial performance and those measures that concentrate on the determinants of those results such as flexibility, quality and resource utilization. The author points out that this structure is representative of the idea of causality, demonstrating that results acquired are a utility of past business performance correlated to particular determinants. In addition, this type of performance measurement structure is representative of the need to recognize the drivers of performance so that desired performance outcomes can be realized."
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Childhood Bipolar Case Study, 2007.
A case study about a nine-year-old child with bipolar disorder.
1,190 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a case study of a nine-year-old boy with bipolar disorder. The writer explores the child's symptoms as they pertain to diagnosis and presents a plan of treatment for that child. The paper relates that bipolar disorder is a lifelong condition and explains that it is important for the child to participate in his own treatment plan, so that in his late teens he will be able to monitor his symptoms and ask for help when he relapses.
Outline:
Introduction
Treatment
Conclusion
From the Paper
"For many years the general public and many mental health professionals believed that Bipolar Disorder was an exclusively adult disorder."
""The number of children and adolescents receiving a diagnosis of bipolar disorder has increased markedly during the past decade in the United States. Bipolar disorder was once thought to occur only rarely in youths, especially children (see Carlson, 2005). However, there has been a shift in how the disorder is defined in juveniles(Practice, 2007).""
"Today the medical community is aware that childhood Bipolar is a serious but treatable disorder(Biederman, 2004)."
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Why Do We Eat?, 2007.
This paper identifies the biological, learned and cognitive factors that affect our motivation to eat.
3,101 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the biological, learned and cognitive motivations for why we eat. The paper examines disorders related to obesity and explains how biology, learned responses and cognitive factors can be powerful motivators that trigger a hunger response where none actually exists. The paper discusses the difficulties in treating a person who is eating to satisfy an emotional need rather than a physiological one.
Outline:
Biological Motivations for Eating
Learned Motivations for Eating
Cognitive Factors in Eating
Hunger and Obesity
Eating Disorders and Hunger
Biological factors
Learned Factors
Cognitive Factor Affecting Hunger
Conclusion
From the Paper
"When we use the term "hunger", it usually implies the biological need for food. We know that when we are actually hungry, we get a certain sensation that tells us we need to eat something. However, the actual mechanism that leads to this feeling is not well understood. There are theories that explain the sensation in relation to low blood glucose levels (Kalat, 1995). Insulin production has also been associated with a hungry feeling. Other theories have to do with an "empty" stomach and muscle contractions (Kalat, 1995)."
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College Students and Disasters, 2007.
This paper addresses the need for schools to help students cope when disasters strike.
2,687 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the importance of grief counseling and the physical and mental health concerns of students. The paper relates that if not addressed properly, anxiety, depression, and/or post traumatic stress disorder can result. The paper examines the causes of PTSD, as well as how the diagnosis is established and what types of symptoms are often present. The paper brings examples from Hurricane Katrina, the shootings at Columbine high school and the collapse of the twin towers.
From the Paper
"Educational administrators are always in search of ways to help students overcome and adapt in situations that are seemingly out of their hands, for example, the disastrous Hurricane Katrina event. Continuing education on life cycles after a disaster can help administrators formulate steps for future crisis situations (Becker, 2006). How students react after a catastrophe can be associated with grades, finances, physical, and emotional stress. This is unfortunate, but yet takes place all too often, and could likely be addressed much more comprehensively than it is by many schools."
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Reduction of Test Anxiety, 2007.
This paper presents a research proposal on the use of cognitive counseling to reduce test anxiety.
2,661 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 30 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
The paper presents a proposal for research that is to be conducted on mature, adult learners. The paper reviews literature, examining proposed research interventions as well as the validity of internal vs. external interventions. The paper also addresses the utilization of cognitive counseling to reduce test anxiety in self-reporting high test anxious individuals.
Outline:
Introduction to Problem/Review of Literature
Methods
Subjects
Timeline
From the Paper
"One of the most difficult issues with regard to education is test anxiety, as people who report test anxiety are completely capable of learning and assimilating materials they learn but are to differing degrees unable to prove such knowledge development in a traditional testing setting. There are many theories associated with test anxiety, including but not limited to those which attempt to reduce it by changing the test environment, and or applying counseling, psychiatric services or even in some extreme cases medication, such as beta blockers that are said to help the individual relax enough to demonstrate learning."
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Malcolm Gladwell's "Little Things Can Make a Big Difference", 2007.
This paper examines "The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference" by Malcolm Gladwell.
1,492 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that, in "The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference", Gladwell looks at why and how major changes in society can happen unexpectedly and suddenly. The paper examines his argument that a few people can make an enormous social difference and large government initiatives are less effective in changing the world than smaller grassroots gestures. The paper explains Gladwell's concepts of the connector, stickiness and context. The writer of the paper is certain that these tools can help him/her affect change in both his/her personal life and the wider world.
From the Paper
"One of Gladwell's main ideas is that of the connector. A connector is a sociable person who serves to bring other people together. Connectors tend to have an unusually large number of social contacts, and share information readily. Gladwell writes, "The point about Connectors is that by having a foot in so many different worlds, they have the effect of bringing them all together" (page 51). As Gladwell so simply writes, connectors are "are a handful of people with a truly extraordinary knack of making friends and acquaintances" (page 41). Gladwell gives the example of a connector Lois Weisber, Chicago's commissioner of cultural affairs for many years."
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Treatment for School Phobia, 2007.
This paper discusses the application of hypnosis, hypnotherapy and Ericksonian techniques in treating children and adolescents with school phobia.
9,616 words (approx. 38.5 pages), 38 sources, MLA, $ 196.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer relates that while it is reasonable to suggest that all children experience some anxiety concerning school attendance and performance occasionally, some of these children become so fearful and anxious of attending school that they manifest severe psychosocial and physical symptoms that can dramatically affect their academic performance and social development. The writer notes that the use of hypnosis in the treatment of trauma-related distress can be traced at least to the time of Freud, who used the technique to encourage the ab-reaction and catharsis he believed were absolutely necessary to resolve conflict. The writer points out that since that time, hypnosis and hypnotherapy have continued to be used in treating people of all ages that suffer from anxiety and phobias based on a wide range of theoretical underpinnings. In this study the writer investigates the efficacy of using hypnosis, hypnotherapy and Ericksonian techniques to treat children and adolescents that suffer from school phobia. To this end, a critical review of the peer-reviewed and scholarly literature is followed by a synthesis of relevant studies. A summary of the research, conclusions and recommendations are presented in the concluding chapter.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Scope of Study
Overview of Study
Review of Related Literature
Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Data-gathering Method and Database of Study
Data Analysis
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"Young children and adolescents alike are at risk for a wide range of factors that can adversely affect their academic performance today. Young people may experience the loss of a parent through death or divorce, or they may become disabled through the onset of a debilitating disease. Likewise, peer pressure to engage in self-destructive behaviors such as substance abuse or unprotected premarital sex can all affect academic outcomes. Unfortunately, these same behaviors - as well as some that remain unclear - can also contribute to the incidence of school phobia among these young people, a condition that remains perhaps better described in the scholarly literature than it is understood. This chapter provides an overview of hypnosis, hypnotherapy and Ericksonian techniques and school phobia to identify methods that can be used to help these young learners overcome these constraints to learning."
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Continuum of Services, 2007.
This paper looks at continuum of services for a student with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
2,318 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer presents an examination of special education and looks at how the continuum of services applies to a specific disability. The writer uses the example a student who has ADHD and explores each level on the continuum of services roster to see how services could be addressed in each setting. The writer includes a discussion about the new federal mandates and examines how they impact each level with regard to least restrictive environment. The writer concludes that the continuum of services for the student with a qualifying disability provides the ability to tailor the student's individual needs to a variety of settings. The writer notes that students can now receive an education that incorporates a regular education experience, special education classroom time when needed and other areas designed to help the student get an education in the least restrictive environment.
Outline:
Introduction
Continuum of Services
Case Study Example
Continuum of Services for ADHD
From the Paper
"Before one can begin to evaluate the effectiveness of continuum of services and how that relates to a student with ADHD it is important for one to understand what a continuum of services means and how it operates."
"The basic explanation of continuum of services as it relates to special education is an option that provides or offers educational services to the students in public education settings who have special needs and that offer includes a range of settings. Some examples of settings that a continuum of services can incorporate include a regular education classroom, a special education classroom, a resource room, and specialized school settings. A continuum of services is a plan that offers a wide range of services that are designed on an individual basis for special need students."
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Repressed Memory Speech, 2007.
This paper looks at informative speech and discusses repressed or recovered ('false') memories.
812 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that for therapists, true memories can provide clues as to why patients are suffering from a variety of psychological problems. The writer notes that helping clients gain a clearer understanding requires greater and more detailed insight into the patient's past. Further, the writer points out that most clinical psychologists believe that children can learn to block memories as a survival mechanism and repression, which may cease to be helpful in adult life. Away from the traumatic environment, adults may find their memories resurfacing, either gradually in fragments, or suddenly in vivid flashbacks. The writer maintains that the issue of repressed memory remains controversial, even with the American Psychological Association itself. The writer then concludes that the real truth may be that not all cases are false and not all cases are true, but when dealing with the complex and suggestible process of memory and recall, it can be difficult to discern truth from fiction.
From the Paper
"The debate over so-called recovered memory syndrome leaves therapists in a bind. Even the name of the syndrome is controversial. Advocates who say the memories are real call the memories repressed, those who say the memories are false call the memories planted. In 1996, Susan Clancy, then a psychology fellow at Harvard, tried to find a way to see if some people were more prone to re-create memories than other people. She tested women who said they had repressed and then recovered memories of sexual abuse, and control groups who said they were either never sexually abused or had never forgotten their abuse. All were asked to study, memorize and then recite back a list of related words, like candy, sugar, cookie and brownie, that were related to the word sweet--but never the word sweet itself. Everybody had a tendency to falsely remember that the word sweet was one of the words that had been listed, but the women who claimed to have recovered memories of sexual abuse were significantly more likely than the control groups to be very, very confident that the critical word sweet was falsely on that list."
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Cultural Diversity in Adolescents and Counseling, 2007.
This paper discusses the issue of cultural diversity among adolescents and related counseling.
1,786 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer explains that multicultural psychology is a branch of study that focuses on cultural diversity and aims at providing strategies and solutions in dealing with racial, ethnic or cultural differences in the course of interpersonal relations. The writer discusses that traditional psychology usually studies the individual and the intra-psychic phenomena, whereas multicultural psychology focuses on the extra-psychic factors that influence the development and the social identity of a person, such as belonging to a particular culture or ethnicity. The writer points out that multicultural psychology needs to use an interdisciplinary theoretical basis and take into consideration all the factors that might influence the development of a certain individual.
The writer concludes that every ethnic group faces certain problems when trying to adapt to a different cultural space.
From the Paper
"Multicultural competencies enable an individual to work well and interact properly in a cross cultural environment. The major and indispensable multicultural competencies are: cultural self- awareness together with cultural awareness of the others' views and attitudes, cultural knowledge including historical background, traditions and customs and cultural skills that help communication and integration in a multicultural situation. Thus, multicultural competencies consist primarily of specific cultural knowledge regarding the other ethnicities, and of an appropriate understanding of their different worldviews and attitudes. Different races and ethnicities have different perspectives on life and respect different sets of value."
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Motivating Employees, 2007.
This paper discusses how to motivate individual employees.
731 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses common motivating factors that can include money, rewards, goals and reaching those goals, matching people to jobs they will enjoy and linking rewards to an individual's performance. The paper examines well known theories including the X and Y theories, the goal setting theory and the acquired needs theory. The paper reveals that being aware that each person is motivated by something unique is the key to getting the best results from that individual.
From the Paper
"Motivation theories are as varied as they are plentiful. Some experts believe that there are as many motivating factors as there are people in the world, but there are certain common factors that help to motivate the vast majority of individuals in society. Common motivating factors can include money, rewards (financial and otherwise), goals and reaching those goals, matching people to jobs they will enjoy and linking rewards to an individual's performance."
"Using these factors to motivate individuals in order to accomplish those chores or objectives that need to be completed takes a manager that understands how to apply the factors on an individual basis. The manager must also know what it is that motivates the person being motivated."
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Antidote for Gangs, 2007.
This paper suggests that a lack of emotional connections is the reason why children join gangs.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that the future of society depends on our children's achievement today. However, the writer notes that some children do not get the opportunities they need in order to achieve success. Further, the writer discusses that a disorderly environment is not conducive to good citizenship, good health, or emotional balance.
Looking at the film "Boyz in the Hood', the writer notes that typically, society responds to the problems of youth by constructing some sort of program to meet the individual problem (such as teen pregnancy or gang involvement).
From the Paper
"Such programs may have limited value, however, because they simply treat the problem and not the whole person. Society itself doesn't change. Moreover, children "at risk" are more than their problems--they are whole human beings with infinite potential. They need adults to believe in their potential and not treat them as though their problems were all that is important about them. A child like Darrin in the film whose mother hates him for some reason and who has no father to show him how to be a man is not simply vulnerable to gang membership and delinquency. His whole situation--his lovelessness and the ugliness of his environment--needs to be addressed."
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The ACCESS Program, 2007.
This paper evaluates the integrated systems approach employed in the ACCESS program for homeless individuals with mental illnesses.
2,022 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that people with mental illness comprise a big percentage of homeless individuals. The paper discusses how the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) and its Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS) implemented the ACCESS program. The paper explains that the program aims to use the integrated systems approach to decrease the number of homeless individuals with mental illness. The paper examines the two levels of evaluation in the program and its effectiveness in addressing the problems involved.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Agency Description and Background
Review of Related Literature
Methodology
Results and Findings
Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"As indicated in the website of Cornell University, the federal definition of the term "homeless individual or homeless person" includes an individual who does not have permanent nighttime residence or has one but it is either temporary shelters or residence not meant to accommodate people on a regular basis. "Homeless people" are also called street sleepers, tramps, and beggars."
"There are many reasons why an individual becomes homeless. Major factors are poverty, lack of available and accessible low-cost but decent housing plan, disability, substance abuse, and mental illness. 66% of the total homeless population is accounted to individuals with substance abuse and mental health history."
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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, 2007.
This paper discusses attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), one of the most commonly diagnosed childhood behavioral disorders.
1,541 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper reveals that the problem of ADHD is one that is complex and involves numerous neurological, psychological and sociological issues. The paper discusses how ADHD affects the learning and development of a child and looks at the problems in identifying and treating ADHD. The paper concludes that a comprehensive solution to this disorder necessitates the integration and cooperation of medical and educational authorities, schools and parents.
From the Paper
"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a disorder that has received increasing attention over the past few years. This is particularly the case with regard to child development and the complex way that this disorder can impact on this important aspect. Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder often show low levels of academic performance and are easily distracted in the classroom or during the learning process. In more detail ADHD is characterized by"... a persistent pattern of behavioral symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity ....Children showing behaviors that are characteristics of ADHD have been found to be highly "at-risk" for maladaptive educational and social outcomes. " ( Jimerson S.)"
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Woolfe and Freud, 2007.
A comparison of Virginia Woolfe and Sigmund Freud's views on women.
1,541 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper describes and discusses the teachings of Sigmund Freud and Virginia Woolfe. The paper then compares Freud and Woolfe's views about women. The paper argues that Woolfe's views on women are much more realistic than Freud's are. The paper cites examples to support its argument and describes the writer's reaction to the theories.
From the Paper
"Freud's theory of the "oedipal conflict" does nothing to reduce the tension between men and women. In fact, as an explanation, it sustains the tension and conflict between the sexes because it makes it unavoidable. According to Freud, we are human beings who must go through certain stages of development. All children must fall in love with their mothers and want to kill their fathers and must work through their feelings of guilt, anger, and envy. Virginia Woolfe, on the other hand, points out the inequality that women are subjected to in "a man's world," and the unfairness of society in keeping women from realizing their highest potentials. Society can do something about these things. Opportunities can be made for women to get education and to do great things. Woolfe offers hope. Freud does not. For women, then, what Woolfe has to say is more relevant."
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