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Psychological Theories on Child Development, 2008.
A case study analysis examining the behavioral theorist's view on child development and morality.
2,676 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a case of a student in a fifth-grade class (eleven years of age) who has submitted a book report that has been plagiarized from an Internet site. The paper first describes the student's behavior according to the theories of child development and human behavior. The paper then focuses specifically on Lev Vygotsky's theories and discusses what approach should be undertaken to help this student improve his or her performance on essays.
From the Paper
"To end, it is fairly evident that there is a complex link between language and cognition that we ignore at our peril. More than that, Lev Vygotsky's work on child development gives us a measure of just how meaningful the environment around a child really is as he or she expands her psychological and intellectual wings. By comparison, the work of Jean Piaget provides us with some benchmarks but not with substantive suggestions. Ultimately, while the situation is not ideal, a therapeutic approach coupled with a strong support system might be all that is needed to turn this situation around."
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Divorce and Female Children, 2008.
This paper discusses the effects of divorce on adolescent girls.
1,959 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at how children are affected by divorce and focuses on the effects on girls. The writer notes that in many instances female adolescents are adversely affected because of conflict in the divorce process. The writer points out that when this conflict occurs the female youth can react by becoming sexually active, abusing substances or having thoughts of suicide. These circumstances are the result of anxiety and/or depression that must be treated in order for the child to overcome her ordeal successfully. The writer maintains that the most effective manner of treatment is cognitive-behavioral therapy, which may be used in conjunction with prescription medications, to aid the adolescent in dealing with the devastation of the life situation. The writer concludes that this treatment, coupled with support systems through family, friends and education, can allow the youth to gain new insight into the situation and once again become a self-confident and fully functioning individual.
Outline:
Introduction
The Issue
Mental Disorder
Treatment Recommendations/Interventions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In these cases, instead of the child becoming overly socially active, the child closes herself off from the world, to include peer groups, family members and teachers. The longer that the conflict exists and is elevated, the more deeply into depression the youth becomes and the greater the risk there is of suicidal thoughts.
"This information indicates that when conflict exists between parents involved in divorce female adolescents are adversely affected. The degree to which these youth respond to the conflict will depend on the extent that the child is drawn into the issue and how long the conflict occurs. What is known, however, is that anxiety and depression can create scenarios in which teen females risk disease, pregnancy and death. The severity of these risks calls for an examination of the appropriate mental disorders that are cited and the treatments that will assist this population for the future."
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The Evolution of Sexual Attraction, 2008.
This paper discusses the motivations behind procreation and sexual attraction.
1,637 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that successful copulation and reproduction has been propagated by the human species for millions of years. The writer points out that this process has been studied and researched for centuries to determine the physiological and psychological motivations behind procreation and sexual attraction. The field of evolutionary psychology has attempted to do so, and derives evidence from psychology, neuroscience, anthropology, comparative zoology, sociology, behavioral genetics, and many other fields. The writer discusses that through such studies, more insight may be gained as to sexual attraction, mate choices, and social decisions regarding sex and relationship between men and women. The writer maintains that there is no doubt that human beings will continue mating and reproducing, yet the whole process continues to have a mysterious aura surrounding it. The writer then concludes that although study after study has been conducted, the physiological and psychological motivations behind procreation and sexual attraction are still elusive.
Outline:
Introduction
Evolutionary Function of Orgasms
What Men and Women Find Attractive
Social vs. Sexual Attraction
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This modern day psychology of the human male is no doubt an offshoot from his male ancestors who were physiologically urged to over-reproduce to insure survival of the species.
"Women, on the other hand, do not appear to have such a physiological or psychological need to procreate with multiple males, as women do not compete with other female ova during sexual encounters. Therefore, short-term sexual partners for women may function only to evaluate possible long-term mates, and serve more of a social function whether than a sexual or reproductive one."
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Psychological Theories of Human Development, 2008.
An analysis of the psychoanalytic, learning, humanistic, cognitive and ethological theories of human development.
1,853 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses some of the main theories of human development that focus on cognitive development, environmental influences and a combination of the two. It looks at theories that include psychoanalytic, learning, humanistic, cognitive and ethological. The paper focuses on the theory that best aligns with the writer's own approach to teaching - Albert Bandura's theory of learning and social cognition.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Psychoanalytic Theory
Learning Theory
Humanistic Theory
Cognitive Theory
Ethological Theory
Theorist who's Beliefs Align with My Approach to Teaching
How this Theory Directly Applies and Relates to the Classroom
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The work of Albert Bandura has emphasized the role of environmental influences in shaping behavior patterns so much so that he has laid the responsibility for creating positive environments for child development directly at the feet of parents, teachers, and other caregivers. The principles of social learning through modeling and reinforcement have also made adults, especially teachers, very aware of the role they play in modeling behaviors for children. During the school year, school age children spend more hours at school than at home, therefore, the behavior of their teachers is extremely important in relation to social learning and behavior modeling. Additionally, Bandura's view that individuals have partial control over the environment around them by their reaction to it has great implications for the classroom. It can be surmised that when children feel comfortable and at ease in the classroom they will excel. Especially if these children do not feel powerless, but instead feel as though they have some control, however minor, over the environment."
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Erik Erickson and Me, 2008.
A review of the author's own personal development as related to Erik Erickson's eight developmental stages.
970 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the author has behaviors that she is still coping with and wants to change. The author then describes Erik Erickson's eight developmental stages for every human being and relates them to her own behaviors. The author concludes that her present issues are recurring in her life because of her inability to complete all previous stages of personality development.
From the Paper
"Yet, it is also significant to note that, while I am currently experiencing these particular issues, I am also striving to overcome them in my life - all at the same time. This may be because of my need to fully function as an adult in the generativity vs. stagnation stage, in which I have a need to offer care and support to others. In my quest to be successful at this stage, therefore, the problems that have impacted me in other stages are now coming to light and must be addressed."
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Development according to John Bowlby, 2008.
A self-analysis of the writer's development from early childhood through to adulthood, according to John Bowlby's attachment theory.
4,234 words (approx. 16.9 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 112.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the writer's development according to John Bowlby's attachment theory of child development from 1958. It describes the writer's early life and his relationship with various members of his family. It then looks at his developing life during middle childhood, adolescence and adulthood. Finally, the paper presents a self-analysis of the writer's development.
Table of Contents:
Family Background
Early Years
Middle Childhood and Adolescence
Adulthood
Developmental Assets
Self-Analysis
From the Paper
"In retrospect, it is unusual for me to look over my life story through the present analysis and evaluate myself and my own behaviors. It was interesting for me to relive the moments that have defined my evolution and the arrangement of my family hierarchy. It was certainly in some ways difficult to recall events in an objective manner, as the memory of early youth may be tainted by emotions. There is also the fact that, as a child, I was not able to observe the family dynamics in the same way that an adult might - important events were no doubt shielded from me by my parents and older siblings. However, this phenomenon is universal to children in general. We are all subject to good and bad childhood events, and are made blind to such happenings at the same time. At the same time we all as adults recall past events in the haze of a positive or negative memory - particularly memories of adolescence, which is universally a trying stage of one's life."
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Body Language, 2008.
A comparative analysis of the theories of Charles Darwin and Julius Fast concerning the use of body language.
837 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper compares two divergent views of unspoken communication, known of late as body language. The earlier work is by Charles Darwin first published in 1872, the later is a publication by Julius Fast, published nearly one hundred years later. The paper discusses how, although the meaning of the expressive language is essentially the same, the roots and origins of these emotions are interpreted differently by the two authors. These differences and contrasting opinions are reviewed and explained.
From the Paper
"There is a fascinating contrast between the interpretations of non-verbal cues as observed by a nineteenth century observers and similar observations that are the beneficiary of nearly a century of psychological investigations. Charles Darwin (1965) conducted extensive observations of the expression of emotions by both humans and animals and concluded that similar emotions are expressed in similar manners regardless of the cultural background of the individual conveying their emotions (p.347). Julius Fast relates similar conclusions, except he has the benefit of the psychological theorems developed in the proceeding hundred years (Fast, 1970, p.9). "
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Social Psychology and the Media, 2008.
An overview of three well known social psychological theories.
4,608 words (approx. 18.4 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 119.95
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Abstract
This paper examines three famous social psychological theories and attempts to find their proofs in a variety of media, including novels, magazine articles, print ads and tv shows. In addition to looking for proof, the author also attempts to come to a deeper understanding of the theories by examining how they function in their contexts.
From the Paper
"Robert Zajonc's drive theory explains the audience effect, which is the effect that an audience has on a person performing a task. If the person is highly proficient at the task, doing it in front of an audience will induce them to perform much better at it than they would if they were alone. At the same time, an audience's effect on a person who is unfamiliar with, or not particularly adept at, a certain task will mean that they perform much worse than they ordinarily would. These disparate outcomes are due to the heightened arousal that a person will experience in front of other people, and this heightened arousal, caused by the stressful situation of being in front of others, will either spur us on if we feel sure if success, or inhibit us if we fear failure."
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Nursing Burnout, 2008.
An examination of the problem of nurses suffering from burnout.
1,106 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper examines nurse burnout as a prevalent problem in many institutions. The paper explains that nurse burnout can be attributable to inadequate staffing and points out that the consequences of under-staffing are observed in terms of the decline in overall well-being of the nursing staff: staff exhaustion leading to high levels of stress and burnout, nurse dissatisfaction, absenteeism, and higher risk for disfranchisement from the profession. The paper then looks at the common method for calculating the nursing workload internally - the nurse-patient ratio. The paper concludes that while the evidence cited in the paper reflects different institutions, the extent to which burnout is seen should be assessed, as well as evaluated, to help find the possible contributing factors, both within and outside the hospital setting.
Outline:
Identification of Clinical Problem
Review of Literature
Research Critique
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Managers have attempted to adapt to the situation by maintaining flexibility in staff schedules depending on changing unit demands which are constantly changing. When a patient is so seriously ill that one nurse cannot perform care, one or more other nurses are needed for a limited time. At other times, such is not the case. However, the central problem in staffing is not attaining staff flexibility congruent to the unit's needs. The reality that it is not recognized by higher management, nor is it under the control of nurses further complicates the problem."
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The Psychology of Happiness, 2008.
This paper explores the psychological aspects of happiness and well-being.
2,416 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the various paths to achieving happiness and fulfillment through self-actualization or introspection. The paper demonstrates the role of the media in sowing the seeds of mistrust and unhappiness as well as the inherent disdain of this institution by both sides of the political spectrum. The paper then looks at what makes a happy and satisfied workforce. The paper also shows how happiness is individual, but the common thread is that happiness comes from within the person himself.
From the Paper
"What is the most fulfilling Life? The present population of the world is approximately 6.6 billion individuals (World Population Prospects, 2007, n.p), and most likely each with their own particular interpretation of life fulfillment and happiness, and each equally entitled their own opinion on the subject. The Founding Fathers of the United States of America viewed happiness as a birthright of the common man, "We hold these truths to be self evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness" (Declaration of Independence, 1974, p.1). The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines happiness as ". . . a state of well being and contentment. . ." (Merriam-Webster, 2007, n.p.)."
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Does Cannabis Lead to Psychosis?, 2008.
A critical review of the research on the relationship between schizophrenia and marijuana.
1,151 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses L. Degenhardt and W. Hall's research and examines their conclusion that cannabis use probably increases the risk of schizophrenia, particularly when it comes to genetically vulnerable individuals. The paper is of the opinion that Degenhardt and Hall's paper should be used only as a summary of general research since the work is limited and perhaps biased. The writer of this paper reveals that he himself remains unconvinced that marijuana usage can cause psychosis in a statistically significant number of individuals.
Outline:
Abstract
Evidence of Research
Method
Identification of Consumers
Interpretation of Findings
Concluding Statements
Utility and Limitations
Personal Reflections
From the Paper
"Degenhardt & Hall cite growing interest in a possible relationship between schizophrenia and marijuana as a motivator for research. Research is based primarily on exploring two established hypotheses: 1), that heavy cannabis use causes psychosis in those that would otherwise be free of such mental instability; and 2), that cannabis may exacerbate or precipitate schizophrenia in those already predisposed to the condition (2006, pp. 556-567). Evidence must therefore be based on the ability to prove that a link between cannabis and psychosis exists by eliminating other variables. Prior research has determined that cannabis may be linked to schizophrenia and related disorders based on the following various findings: that schizophrenia often follows a history of heavy cannabis consumption; that affected individuals show signs of amnesia and confusion; that some psychotic cannabis users display no personal or family history of the disorder; and evidence that psychosis fades after discontinued use of marijuana and reappears after marijuana use resumes (ibid, p. 557)."
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Obesity in America, 2008.
This paper examines the issues of obesity in America, focusing on the youth.
1,511 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
In this essay the writer notes that there can scarcely be any question that obesity is a growing problem among American youth and a growing concern in the United States. Most of all, the simple reality is that there is no clear consensus on what factor contributes more so than any other to the rapid spread of obesity among young Americans. The writer discusses that some scholars favor the idea of physical inactivity as the cause, while others emphasize diet and still others insist that genetics are at play. The writer maintains that the uncertainty or ambiguity around the problem is brought into sharp relief by the fact that all of these factors undoubtedly play a role; we just do not know the precise extent to which each plays a role.
Outline:
Introduction
Obesity is a Growing Concern in the United States
Defining the Issue
Establishing that it is an Open-Ended Problem
Theory One
Theory Two
Theory Three
Discussion and Critical Evaluation of the Evidence
Quality of the Evidence
Conclusion: Solutions, Limitations and Recommendation
From the Paper
"The "Obesity as a Disease" perspective. Many individuals find evidence put forward in defense of this thesis problematic inasmuch as many people who have overweight parents do not become overweight themselves; the converse is also true. The problem with this evidence is also that, with such a strong correlation between physical activity and diet and obesity, there appear to be other factors which merit greater regard from academics. At the same time, the National Institute of Health and the World Health Organization (Edlin, 2004) both recently designated obesity as a disease - even though this designation, as Hwaley's 2006 work attests, has met with scrutiny among scholars who believe that obesity does not fit the criteria for being called a disease."
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The Biological Basis for Personality, 2008.
An analysis of the impact of environmental cues on the genetic predisposition of personality development.
2,561 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper is based on the premise that personality development is affected by the environmental cues an individual experiences throughout his or her life, within the confines of the genetic predisposition. It analyzes this perspective by focusing on two critical points. It discusses that there is an emerging consensus as to what constitutes the fundamental dimensions of personality traits and it suggests that these traits have a strong biological and evolutionary basis.
From the Paper
"Though it can be difficult to accept from a philosophical perspective, the evidence gleaned from several large twin studies clearly concludes that genetics plays a significant role in determining personality, accounting for roughly two-thirds of all observed personality differences. With such a significant influence, it becomes evidence that the role of the environment is greatly diminished and likely only affects how biological personality traits will express themselves, not which traits will develop. From a practical perspective, this means that clinicians must shift from an environmental control model of treatment to one that more fully addresses the basic biological underpinnings of personality development and personality disorders."
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Maternal Filicide and Mental Illness, 2008.
An analysis of the relationship between maternal filicide and mental illness.
1,146 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a case that occurred in New Port Richey, Florida, in which a young mother, Jessica Warren, killed her son. It describes her history of unstable behavior and family history of schizophrenia and then discusses research on the link between maternal filicide (or mothers killing their children) and mental illness. The paper concludes with a brief discussion on the need for continued future research into this area.
Table of Contents:
Filicide and Schizophrenia
Continued Research
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Warren may have believed the voices that she heard were real beings, as displayed by her belief that she was killing demons when she accidentally killed her son. Garrett and Silva (2003) suggest that this belief might be an error in "source monitoring," the process by which a person determines the origination of an event (p. 445). Garrett and Silva studied a population of 41 patients with auditory hallucinations, housed at an inner-city psychiatric service (pp. 447-448). Patients were subject to "semi-structured, recorded, and transcribed" interviews, which were then analyzed using the previously developed Source Monitoring Framework (pp. 446-447). Twelve percent of the patients reported hearing command hallucinations that were so powerful as to suggest a real presence. However, these voices were distinguishable from the voices of real people with whom they interacted (Garrett & Silva, 2003, p. 451)."
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