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Impression Management, 2007.
This paper examines Erving Goffman's theory of impression management.
724 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper draws upon Erving Goffman's dramaturgical approach to discuss how several groups, including athletes, college instructors, parents, physicians and politicians, engage in "impression management." The paper explains that social interactions invariably entail a sort of "performance" in which we act in accordance with the pressures exerted upon us by environment. The paper illustrates how we put on a facade in order to achieve our personal objectives.
From the Paper
"According to Goffman (1959), impression management is fundamentally about "expressive responsibility;" that is to say, it is about self-consciously crafting an exterior appearance that will not offend the sensibilities of the audience. In other words, social interaction is an act of dramaturgy in which we "perform" in accordance with the pressures exerted upon us by environment, the nature of our environment and with the goal of manufacturing "performances" that are "consonant" with our own desired goals (Barnhart, n.d.). To sum it all up, we put on a facade because we believe that doing so will enable us to gain the favor of those around us whose good will we need in order to achieve our personal objectives (like a well-dressed person speaking in proper English and with an upright posture at a job interview)."
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Social Psychology, 2007.
This paper discuses social psychology theories and reported experiments.
2,345 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by discussing the author's experiences at a party, where alcoholic beverages were served, when he was in highschool. The author relates his thoughts at that time about whether to consume the alcoholic beverages and examines them from a social psychology perspective. The author continues to discuss why he decided not to drink at the party and then points out that the primary goal of fear-arousing communications is persuasion, which may result in a change in attitude, intentions or actions. Additionally, the paper explains that impression management is the defensive, protective and preventive measures which individuals use to attempt to control the perception of themselves by other people in order to attain an overall favorable result or what is called "saving-face".
From the Paper
"The hypothesis in Festinger and Carlsmith's (1959) classic study explained one perspective on cognitive dissonance. It stated that the magnitude of cognitive dissonance in an individual is a ratio of his total dissonance (D) to the sum of his dissonance (D) and consonance (C), and that opinion change is most effective (i.e. overt behavior is exhibited) when the pressure applied was just enough to achieve that change while the magnitude of the resulting dissonance was kept to a minimum. In their experiment, this was made functionally operant by using reward (consonance) in measured amounts to alter the individuals' opinions."
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Public Health and Obesity, 2007.
An analysis of the epidemiological principals of obesity and the case for deeming obesity a public health issue.
896 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses epidemiological principles in identifying who is affected by obesity. It also looks at what constitutes obesity, its changing trend over time and where obesity is most prevalent. The paper analyzes the literature regarding the epidemiology of obesity and examines the case that is made for deeming obesity a public health issue worldwide.
From the Paper
"As there are many diseases associated with obesity as a risk factor, causality must be determined between obesity and the disease. For example, obesity is one component of metabolic syndrome, which is a syndrome comprised of insulin resistance, central obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension. In a cross-sectional study by Yoo, Niklas, Baranowski, Zakeri, Jau-Yang, Srinivasan et al (2004) attempted to explore the relation between metabolic syndrome risk factor acquisition and diet in young adults. 1181 young adults aged 19-38 were risk-stratified (no risk, 1-2 risk factors and 3 or more risk factors) and their dietary habits recorded using a self-administered food group consumption questionnaire, where the group with no risk factors tended to consume more fruits, fruit juices and vegetables than those with 1-2 risk factors (3.30 +/- 0.09 vs. 2.99 +/- 0.07 servings per day; p < 0.05) (Yoo, Niklas, Baranowski, Zakeri, Jau-Yang, Srinivasan et al, 2004). In addition, this study also found that sweetened beverage intake among whites with one or more risk factors (1.45 +/- 0.08 vs. 1.77 +/- 0.07 and 2.22 +/- 0.15 servings per day, respectively, in men; 1.26 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.62 +/- 0.05 and 1.78 +/- 0.13 servings per day, respectively, in women; P < 0.001) was significantly higher compared to subjects without risk factors, and was not significant in African Americans (Yoo, Niklas, Baranowski, Zakeri, Jau-Yang, Srinivasan et al, 2004)."
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Mood Disorders and Depression, 2007.
This paper looks at numerous studies on mood disorders and depression.
1,134 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper examines a study on why adverse life events result in depression only in some individuals, a study on whether genetics has any association with the onset of depression following stressful life events, and a study on the treatment of major depressive disorders. The paper also discusses studies on the topics of bipolar disorder and recovery time from adverse life events, the variables that affect depression, recurring depression and finally, circadian rhythms and their affect on the mental processes of human beings.
Outline:
Introduction
Life Events and Depression
Stressful Life Events and Major Depression
Treatment of Major Depressive Disorders
Bipolar Disorder and Depression
Variables of Depression
Recurring Depression
Alcohol and Anxiety
Circadian Rhythms
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The researchers studied individuals that had suffered from depression after a significant life event and those that had not. It was determined that the impact of adverse life events on people is dependent on two factors. First, that the event be associated with "adverse interpersonal events" rather than "adverse achievement events". Adverse interpersonal events are related to death of a close family member, while adverse achievement events as associated to accomplishments in life. The authors also found that cognitive personality characteristics were a significant factor in the individual's likelihood of developing depression because of the thought processes that altered the outlook of the individual."
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Psychodynamic Therapy, 2007.
An analysis of Alfred Adler's theories on individual therapy and how they would relate to a specific case study.
1,151 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a case study of a child who is expressing anxiety problems. The paper then describes and analyzes Alfred Adler's theories on individual psychology and discusses how these theories would relate to the current case. The paper finally discusses useful intervention strategies such as cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) as a means of learning how to manage the child's anxiety.
Table of Contents:
Client History
Adler's Individual Psychology
Useful Intervention Strategies
Summary
From the Paper
"In the current case study, CBT is recommended for use as it identifies the patient's inferiority complex as the source of feelings of anxiety. CBT recognizes that the way in which a patient thinks can trigger an emotional response; here, thoughts of personal shortcoming trigger emotional anxiety. This in turn results in anxiety attacks, or at the very least causes the patient to become overly sensitive and anxious. The problem with this process is that it can become a cyclical pattern where the patient manifests anxiousness, which affects his behavior, which in turn causes him to act abnormally, and this finally results in peers or adults treating him in a different manner. Over time, the patient's learned responses to the perception of different treatment characterize him as different, which in turn exacerbates conditions of anxiety."
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Crack Cocaine and Homelessness, 2007.
This paper explores crack addiction, mental illness and homelessness in Toronto and the treatment options available.
3,342 words (approx. 13.4 pages), 19 sources, APA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the incidence of crack cocaine addiction and its relation to mental illness and homelessness. The paper researches the treatment approaches in central Canada and compares them to the more varied, successful treatments and therapies in the United Kingdom and Europe. The paper notes Canada's resigned attitude towards a form of addiction that is considered 'untreatable' or 'hopeless'. The paper reveals the need for Canada to actively encourage crack addicts to attempt recovery, to learn more about different approaches to treatment and finally, adapt them to the Toronto environment.
Outline:
Introduction
Not Just Addiction
A Second Intervention
Towards a Different Approach
Concluding Discussion
From the Paper
"An important dimension of the problem is the coincidence of crack addiction and mental illness. Crack addicts often present symptoms of the mood disorders and psychosis in addition to those of the personality disorders found in almost 25 per cent. (Falck Et Al: 2004:504) In homeless patients, it can be difficult to determine a primary problem of mental illness or addiction. Many vagrant schizophrenics, for example, become addicted to crack just as crack cocaine induces symptoms of paranoid psychosis in persons without histories of mental illness. Through it all, homelessness remains a key determinant of addicts' health. (Fischer Et Al: 2005:252) Awareness of crack cocaine addiction in homeless populations enhances insight into why many homeless persons remain as they are, failing to take up occasional opportunities for housing."
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Stress and Memory, 2007.
This paper researches how stress produces physiological effects that directly impact memory.
2,016 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
The paper illustrates the relationship between stress load and stress response and its affect on working memory during the typical circadian cycle. The paper's methodological approach relies on the hypothesis that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be accurately utilized to identify neural activation patterns related to Cortisol that is released due to stress. The paper concludes that greater research is necessary in order to attain a better understanding of how Cortisol, through its derivatives and precursors, impacts the brain's ability to enable memory.
Outline:
Introduction
Stress Hormone: Cortisol
Cortisol Receptor Distribution
The Frontal Lobe and Working Memory
Circadian Effects, Glucocorticoids and Imagery
From the Paper
"Stress is something that all humans experience. It is, in fact, part of the human experience. Yet, the affect of stress on the individual as well as its effects to the person experiencing it has been variously conceived by many researchers since its recognition as valid topic of research. While it is clear that most individuals conceive stress in different ways as an emotional response to various circumstances, the medical and psychological community have identified stress, or rather the body's reaction to it, as a having a potentially negative impact on individual health, mental performance, as well as memory (Zautra 36-8). In the area of mental performance and memory, stress and stressful situations greatly impact individual ability to perform to one's ability."
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Development of Adolescence versus Late Adulthood, 2007.
Compares the social and physical development of adolescents to senior adults.
2,190 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts adolescents and senior adults in terms of social and physical development. The paper describes, in detail, each stage of development and characterizes each by traits and characteristics that are specific to them. The paper concludes that these two stages possesses more similarities than differences.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
A Developmental Comparison between Adolescents and Senior Adults
Adolescence
Senior Adults (Late Adulthood)
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Late adulthood bears a transition that follows a somewhat reverse order from that of adolescents. While adolescence begins with physical changes, the ushering in of late adulthood begins with a social change, that of retirement. It signifies the end of one's productive role in society while adolescents are just beginning to establish theirs. Retirement also means severing one's ties with colleagues and work associates or friends, a type of isolation that can be difficult to face. Adolescents face nearly the opposite challenge of initiating and forging social ties within school and community, and changing the relationship between members of family. The social skills they learn within this stage carries on into young and middle adulthood. As one ages, physical aging starts to manifest itself in subtle ways, becoming more obvious with time. It is this impending sense of mortality that preoccupies elderly persons as they get older - spouses, relatives and friends die. While death is a normal part of life, the final milestone - a sense of accomplishment and pride in one's well-lived life - would be achieved."
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Psychology: Client Needs, 2007.
This paper identifies specific client concepts within social work and psychology to shows why clients needs to be recognized as having personal needs.
947 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper demonstrates that associations between a client and a social worker or specialist require identification of the specific needs unique to the client. The paper describes concepts such as resistance and defense and transference and empathy, which can be changed according to the needs of the client. The paper shows how the client must be approached as an individual with personal problems and given aid according to the type and nature of these problems.
Outline:
Introduction
Resistance and Defense
Transference and Empathy
Interpretations
Working Through
Jung's Analytical Psychology
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The concept area of resistance and defense is used to explore how a client copes with stress, especially in scenarios in which conflict is found. Resistance and defense are sometimes defined as "coping strategies" as these are behaviors that the client manifests in order to create a desirable outcome, but this is a misleading term. Rather, resistance and defense are barricades enacted by the client to avoid facing issues or dealing with circumstances that cause some form of personal stress."
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Psychotherapies, 2007.
This paper presents the various approaches to psychotherapy.
1,172 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses cognitive-behavioral therapy, psychodynamic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis. The paper also looks at Jungian psychotherapy that is considered a "depth psychology", Bowenian family therapy and the object relations theory and therapy.
Outline:
Three Approaches to Psychotherapy
Depth Perspective and the Jungian Approach to Psychotherapy
The Psyche and Typical Modes of Practice: Bowenian Family Therapy and Object Relations
From the Paper
"Cognitive-behavioral therapy focuses on both the cognitive processing of the individual and the behaviors of the person. Cognitive-behavioral therapists believe that thoughts and actions can affect the individual adversely over time. In most instances the individual thinks or acts negatively without realizing that it is occurring because he or she is subconsciously reacting to people or events from the past. Over time the thoughts of actions become distorted and can be triggered by elements of a past event, not necessarily a repeat of the event itself. Therapy consists of the individual being able to acknowledge that the negative thought or action is a recurring problem, as well as understand the reason behind the evolution of the thought or action."
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Asperger Syndrome, 2007.
A research proposal to study children with Asperger Syndrome.
1,041 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
Asperger Syndrome (AS), also known as Asperger's Disorder, is a neurobiological disorder in which individuals can exhibit a variety of characteristics. This paper proposes a study to examines the mainstream educational environment in connection with the AS child's social skills and language development.
Outline:
Statement of Problem
Purpose of Study
Review of the Literature
Connection to Area of Concentration
Research Questions
Design of the Study
From the Paper
"In a discussion on the "hidden curriculum," Myles and Simpson (2001) discuss various interventions to help teach the AS child the skills that "we are not taught directly yet are assumed to know" such as social skills, actions, modes of dress and how to interpret slang or the use of idioms. The AS individual is very literal and thus does not understand the use of euphemisms. Bock (2001) also discusses the use of strategies to enhance social interaction skills in the AS child, with strategies similar to those discussed by Ganz (2001) through games for the AS child on how to interpret and subsequently use nonliteral English phrases."
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Psychosis and Substance Abuse, 2007.
An analysis of the relationship between psychosis and substance abuse within young people.
1,012 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the form of psychosis that is created in the individual due to substance abuse. The paper also explains that, because of the variety of uncertainties that exist in relation to psychosis, the need for early treatment of psychotic patients is significant. Additionally, the paper looks at how early interventions have the ability to reduce the episodes of psychotic behavior in individuals and that the key to addressing the issue is providing programs that can fulfill that function in society.
From the Paper
"The seriousness of psychosis in patients, however, cannot be overlooked. Individuals that continue to go untreated for psychosis will experience longer periods of psychotic behavior over time. Furthermore, each extended period of psychotic behavior may become more intense, with depression that is associated with the psychosis leading to suicide ("Early Psychosis"). There are drug interventions that can be used for psychotic patients. However, as Shaler points out, when there is substance abuse related to the psychosis of the individual, drug interventions may create additional mental health issues that defeat the efforts of treatment (Shaler). "
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Theoretical Perspectives of Development, 2007.
An analysis of the psychoanalytic, psychosocial, learning and cognitive theories of development.
1,166 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper highlights various major developmental theories -specifically the psychoanalytic, psychosocial, learning and cognitive theories of development. It describes the framework of each theory in relation to a child's physical capabilities. The paper concludes that, through this analysis, it becomes apparent that each theory overlaps with others.
From the Paper
"One of the most well known cognitive developmental theorists is Piaget, who gave us four major steps to cognitive development beginning with the sensorimotor stage that begins with birth through approximately two years of age when the child organizes his actions based on the environment perceived through sensory and motor activity (Papalia, Olds & Feldman, 2006). The next phases are the preoperational stage from two years to seven years of age when language skills take the forefront through symbols or words, the concrete operations stage running from seven to eleven years of age when the child can begin thinking in terms of logical progression, but cannot yet think abstractly (Papalia, Olds & Feldman, 2006). The final stage in Piaget's theory is the formal operations stage that begins at age 11 and continues into adulthood where the individual can think in the abstract and can entertain "what-if" thinking (Papalia, Olds & Feldman, 2006)."
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Nursing Research Utilization, 2007.
This paper discusses issues and strategies in nursing research utilization.
2,002 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
In this document the writer discusses nursing research utilization in reference to the potential impact nursing staff can have on targeting negative behaviors that lead to health related issues. The writer notes that nursing staff in the institutional setting, such as educational settings, can take a leading role in delivery of targeted behavior modification programs that lead to a reduction in childhood obesity and teen smoking rates. The writer discusses whether nurses employed within the educational setting can contribute towards behavior modification strategies targeting harmful behavior patterns.
Outline:
Abstract
Problem Statement
Purpose of Study
Research Question
Hypothesis
Study Variables
Theoretical Framework
Literature Review
Study Design
Sample & Setting
Identification & Control
Instrumentation
Data Collection Methodology
Data Analysis
Strengths & Limitations
From the Paper
"In the context of this paper the target problems are all in one of the given four areas of the healthy lifestyle. An accurate needs assessment should be completed along with a well defined intervention program when targeting a negative behavior to be modified. The reasons the behavior is persistent should be addressed in terms of an individual's rationale for not instituting the modification his or herself. In a practical sense an individual may only be inclined to modify behavior following some sort of personal crises or personal upheaval of some sort which is usually the event that brings them into contact with healthcare staff."
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Military Families and 9/11, 2007.
This paper examines the impact of 9/11 upon military personnel and their families.
1,156 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the emotional trauma, the practical, every-day impact and the psychological issues which emerged when soldiers were called away from their families to fight the war against terror. The paper discusses how, while they seem to handle the situation better than their families, military men and women still have to deal with the terrific strain that any deployment places upon family life.
From the Paper
"To begin with, American soldiers are, first and foremost, Americans. As a result, they too must surely have felt the shock, confusion and pain that all other Americans felt throughout the morning, afternoon, and evening of September 11, 2001. However, whereas most other Americans were largely powerless to do anything about the attacks (save become more hyper-vigilant on the home front in "rooting out" possible terrorists and/or saboteurs), members of the United States Army, Air Force and Navy were uniquely equipped to take positive action. In fact, whatever reservations many of them may have had in leaving behind their loved ones, the available evidence seems to indicate that military morale was quite strong after 9/11: Amy Puckett for one writes in the Army Times that ex-soldiers began to beat a steady path to their local enlistment office in the hopes of securing a military position as the Afghanistan stage of the "War on Terror" got underway (2001)."
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