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The Psychology of Sigmund Freud, 2007.
This paper explores Sigmund Freud's theory of psychoanalysis.
1,306 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the works of Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis. The paper looks at his ideas about the mind's structure, the eros and thanatos instincts of the mind and his focus on childhood. The paper discusses how each of these factors associated with Freud's psychotherapy worked to influence his construction of personality. The paper shows how Freud has had a significant impact on the psychological field with his development of psychoanalysis.
From the Paper
"Sigmund Freud was the founder of psychoanalysis. Within psychoanalysis the core belief was that each individual behaved in ways that were specifically grounded in unconscious thought. Unconscious thought was considered by Freud to be the cause of many behavioral issues because it controlled the cognitive processing of the individual without the individual's knowledge. Freud believed that the unconscious mind was where each individual held secrets to his or her life that had to be explored. This exploration became psychoanalysis."
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Pre-adolescent Academic Development, 2007.
An analysis of the influence of parental educational attainment on pre-adolescent academic performance and development.
1,369 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the influence of parents' educational attainment on pre-adolescent academic performance and development. It analyzes how a parent can be the primary factor that determines whether their child develops certain behaviors which are often a mix of both expected and desirable, and unexpected and undesirable. The paper also discusses the effects of parental demographic factors, occupation and financial status on a child's academic performance.
Table of Contents:
Review of Literature
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Pre-adolescents are at a crossroads of biological and psychosocial change. One of the specific "barometers" of this change is academic performance as determined by parental educational attainment. Parental educational attainment, as a component of socioeconomic status, although independently demonstrated to have profound effects on a child's cognitive development and academic performance can be difficult to isolate from the effects of other components such as parental demographic factors, occupation and financial status. In spite of this, not only does a higher educational attainment of parents influence academic performance both directly and indirectly regardless of income, but is also directly influenced by learning opportunities available to the child from birth."
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Adler Personality Theory, 2007.
A case study that examines Adlerian psychology and counseling.
1,699 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Alfred Adler's theory of personality which is based on the need to strive for power and superiority and addresses lifestyles. The paper presents a case study and shows the relevance and application of Adler's theories. The paper describes the antisocial behavior and suppressed aggression in the case and discusses Adlerian treatment, which seeks to return the client to normative behavior in the community. The paper relates that Adlerian behavioral and marriage therapy would be recommended for this client.
Outline:
Alfred Adler's Theory: A Summary
Presenting Problem
Case Formulation
Treatment Recommendations
From the Paper
"Alfred Adler was a neo-Freudian. He was also a member of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, along with Freud and others. Like Freud, Adler had a theory of personality. Unlike Freud, however, who based his theory on sexual needs and development, Adler based his theory of "individual psychology" on the need to strive for power and superiority. Adler's theory focused largely on the social interest and social interactions."
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Christian Theology and Psychology, 2007.
This paper is a personal critique of the integrated and the un-Christian models of psychology and Christian counseling.
2,415 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in the author's experience as a pastoral counselor, the integrated model is the closest to his personal view; whereas, the un-Christian model is the farthest from his perspective. The author points out that the un-Christian model contends that, while biblical concepts may be of some use in therapeutic practice, they should not be allowed to interfere in the basic course of this practice; while, the integrated model sees the role of the pastoral counselor as being one of integrating psychology and the Bible in a harmonious fashion. The paper relates that the strength and effectiveness of the integrated position lies in its recognition of how psychology and theology are not antithetical but, in fact, represent elements of a unified truth. The paper includes quotations.
From the Paper
"In practical terms in regard to my work as a Christian counselor, I would liken my pastoral role - under this integrated approach - as being akin to that of a "general practitioner" in medicine. While general practitioners are qualified to diagnose many medical conditions, there are often situations in which there is something that they may feel goes beyond their own knowledge base or skill set. In these cases, they refer their patient to a specialist. It is worth noting that in making this referral, the general practitioner is not indicating that her or his own knowledge is flawed or that there is some radical epistemological difference between the knowledge base of the specialist and her or his own."
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Vipassana Meditation in Canadian Prisons, 2007.
This paper explores providing a Vipassana meditation course to a provincial prison in Canada.
2,362 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the Vipassana technique pioneered in Indian prisons and penitentiaries that is a low-cost method of contending with addictions, mental illness and the characteristic apathy of timeservers. The paper examines Vipassana projects in the United States, New Zealand and elsewhere involving different kinds of Western prisoners. The paper determines that it would be easier to sell, rather than donate, services to a Canadian provincial prison.
Outline:
Introduction
Selecting an Institution
Learning a Skill
Vipassana Specialists in Addictions
Variables
Closing Gaps in Practice and Planning
More Points to 'Sell' a Win-Win Project
Western Experiments in Vipassana
Concluding Discussion
From the Paper
"A provincial prison to decide in favour of Vipassana program could offer a very good venue for an experiment especially if a facility not always noted for ideal management or inmate contentedness. With Ministry approval, and having brought onside the Meditation Society as is now active in three Canadian provinces, a likely logistical step is to contact the local prison chaplaincy service as a non-governmental area perhaps more familiar with how to stage a short-course in-reach program for a number of inmates to be advised by the Ministry and prison superintendent. Vipassana meditation was first attempted with great success in a Delhi prison once said to typify the worst of Indian prison cultures. (See Mazumdar: 1981)"
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Road Rage, 2007.
This paper explores road rage and methods of prevention and control.
2,466 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the prevalence, risk factors and natural history of aggression on the road. The paper looks at the need for medications for managing impulsive and aggressive behavior patterns when these result from a personality disorder. The paper relates, however, that the most effective interventions for prevention and control of road rage are cognitive and behavioral. The paper concludes that a program of public education on road rage is needed, beginning with driver education and later including public health and mental health interventions.
From the Paper
"According to Smart, et al. (2003), almost one in ten Ontario residents have been threatened with personal injury or damage to their vehicles as a result of road rage. Road rage refers to "attempts that drivers make to threaten, injure or even kill other drivers during or after unpleasant driving experiences" (Smart, et al., 2003, p. 247). Road rage is linked with collisions or near collisions. While one-half of drivers encountered shouts or rude gestures, only seven percent were actually threatened (Smart, et al., 2003). In the course of one year in the United States, there may be as many as 400 billion hostile exchanges between motorists, and any of these incidents of road rage can result in serious injury or death. Incidents of aggression on the road have been estimated to have increased more than 50 percent between 1990 and 1996, and result in thousands of injuries as well as more than 200 deaths per year (Sharkin, 2004)."
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Counseling and Ethics, 2007.
A presentation of three psychotherapy case studies and the professional and ethical issues that arise.
1,277 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper presents three case studies within the realm of psychotherapy. It presents each case study individually and then discusses the professional and ethical issues that arise within each one. The paper concludes each case by discussing how it should be approached and then looking at the potential outcomes for each case.
Table of Contents:
Three Case Vignettes on Professional and Ethical Issues
First Vignette
Case Vignette #2 - Competence
Third Case Vignette
From the Paper
"In this case, Sue has been seeing her high school counselor, Mr. Smith, weekly for two months. The school has a policy against long-term counseling so Mr. Smith refers Sue to a different counselor. The problem is that Sue refuses to see another counselor because she does not want to see anyone but Mr. Smith. The problem is that the school requires a referral, but Sue does not want another counselor. The potential issues in this case depend upon what Sue will do. The ethics code states that clients are treated with confidentiality. Any referrals require the consent of the client and a clear agreement must be reached before a referral can be made (Code of Ethics - D. Clients Served by Others 2004). Even visiting with the parents, confidentiality must be observed. An important ethical code relates to dual relationships even as simple as parents and children so the counselor must be careful in how the situation is handled. The main point is making sure not to increase the risk of harm for the client. If the client has threatened her life or the counselor feels the client is in danger, then the counselor must report this."
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Social Cognitive Theory on Personality, 2007.
An analysis of the different cognitive factors that affect personality.
2,497 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the study of social cognitive theory and personality. It describes the different cognitive factors that affect personality beginning with children and continuing into old age. The paper analyzes the processing of social and emotional information, whether it is looking at people's faces, their nonverbal communication or the way people gain and access information about others.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Social Cognitive Theory in Relation to Personality
Social Cognitive Theories in Relationship to Personalities
Looking at Children's Cognitive Knowledge and Personalities
The Effects of Age on Social Cognition
Social Cognition Theories on Social Cognitive Processes
From the Paper
"The social-cognitive knowledge an individual has is used in different ways and often this cognitive knowledge is used to decide if a person wants to associate with someone based on the type of personality the person has and the knowledge of this type of personality schema that is stored in the individual's mind. Social-cognitive psychologists believe that simple things such as posture, faces, attitudes, or motor behavior of an individual can conflict with the cognitive knowledge of an individual and make them not like another person who has similar features. "A second property of knowledge that may be important in this inference process of judging whether an attitude is an informative guide to behavior is the complexity of the knowledge underlying the attitude" (Fabrigar, Smith, Petty, and Crites 2006, 556). Both children and adults use cognitive knowledge and experience to decide whether a person is worthy of trust or if they do not like a person based on the individual's personality."
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Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy, 2007.
A review of the literature regarding the psychosocial affects of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for patients with HIV/AIDS.
1,177 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the literature and discusses the significant question that concerns health care providers up to the present day - that of the psychological and social effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on patients. It describes the use of HAART for patients with HIV/AIDS and the impact that it has had on their treatment. The paper then compares the studies and discusses their results.
From the Paper
"This study corroborated with the other study, albeit on a more detailed level, the overwhelming factors associated with patient characteristics versus the advent of HAART. These studies showed that, in spite of the breakthroughs in HIV/AIDS treatment starting in 1996, there were several intrinsic patient factors that were previous and grossly underestimated in their influence on HIV/AIDS treatment. It is evident that from these two studies that psychosocial distress in the various forms outlined in the second study adversely affected the initial impact of HAART. It should be noted that, in being a chronic disease, the progression of HIV/AIDS is insidious and can be easily overshadowed by the more immediate concerns of living such as poverty, substance and single parenthood. In addition, these studies have shown that the impact of the disease on patients cannot be contained within a strictly clinical framework. In the previous mindset that new therapies may positively affect patient behavior, this has been cast into serious doubt as psychosocial factors can affect behavior-associated aspects of therapy such as compliance and the presence of (or lack of) a support group."
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Competency to Stand Trial, 2007.
A case study presentation questioning whether a patient would be considered competent to stand trial.
1,205 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a case study of a patient named Wilson, looking at whether he is competent to stand trial. The paper presents the details of the case and analyzes Wilson's physical and mental state. The paper then focuses on whether Wilson would be considered competent to stand trial in his current condition. It discusses his cognitive and behavioral functions and how these will also be impacted by Wilson's mild retardation throughout his life.
Table of Contents:
Case History
Competency To Stand Trial
From the Paper
"Given the information that has been provided to date regarding Wilson and his interactions with other medical personnel, it would appear that he is capable of standing trial at this time. This is indicated by his knowledge of his previous behavior and his admitting to the fact that he had previously failed to take his medications, using this as an explanation for his violent behavior. Wilson was capable of discussing these elements of his life with logic and reasoning, which would lead an evaluator to conclude that Wilson was no longer hindered by his mental illness.
However, it must be noted that Wilson will always have the ability to stop taking his medications and of progressing in his paranoid schizophrenia because there is no cure for the illness ("Paranoid", n.d., sec. 1). The use of medications "such as Thorazine, Haldol, and Risperdal" may alleviate Wilson's symptoms and allow him to continue to function normally. Yet, as time progresses there can also be changes in Wilson's cognitive and behavioral functions, which will also be impacted by Wilson's mild retardation throughout his life."
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Our Understanding of the Self, 2007.
This paper examines the works of Sebastian Haffner and Charlotte Delbo about our understanding and assumptions of the self.
1,663 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the belief that the self is relatively durable, that it remains in some essential way the same over time. The paper explores how Haffner and Delbo call this common assumption into question. The paper discusses Delbo's horrific account of her experience in Nazi concentration camps and Haffner's narrative of the Third Reich. The paper shows how these two authors impact our understanding of the self, suggesting that the self lacks many of the qualities we may have assumed it to have.
From the Paper
"Our understanding of the self varies from person to person. However, many people would agree that the self is relatively durable, some kind of fixed entity that reacts to external circumstances, based on a set of moral values, which remains in some essential way the same over time. We reminisce about the past, and think thoughts such as "I was really young and stupid back then" - but although this kind of thought acknowledges the changes we have undergone, it nevertheless implies that the "I" is still essentially the same. In other words, the self is durable."
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Why Prisons Breed Criminals, 2007.
This paper contends that prisons lead to recidivism, allowing inmates to become better criminals.
922 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that prisons, by providing an environment unlike anything in society, hamper a convict's ability to reintegrate into society, thus leading to recidivism at a higher level of sophistication. The paper relates that the stigma of being a convict, in addition to the violent milieu created by jails, leave inmates with a skewed vision of how to act and interact with citizens. The paper contends that prisons need to provide venues for realistic social interaction.
From the Paper
"While many proponents of prison cite jail as a determent for crime, Michael Windzio (2006) has shown that, despite a growing prison population, the crime rate in America has increased. More than this, most people incarcerated are in prison for the second or third times, having fallen prey to recidivism. However, the fact is that most criminals relapse back into crime because the prison system is forcing an evolution of the criminal. Prisons create an environment so far removed from societal norms it in turn necessitates the evolution of criminals, leading to recidivism at a higher level of sophistication (i.e. better criminals) in order to ensure that convict's survival as a citizen."
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Professional Ethical Issues, 2007.
This paper explores the difficult ethical decisions mental health professionals are sometimes forced to make.
1,621 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
The paper outlines three vignettes which underscore the ethical choices mental health care professionals are required to make in the sensitive areas of disclosure and personal relationships. The paper briefly describes each situation, the ethical issues involved, what the American Psychological Association's Code of Conduct stipulates, what an experienced professional might do in such a situation and what consequences most likely will result from the eventual decision undertaken by the therapist. The paper strongly maintains that ethical conduct is as important as technical competence when it comes to protecting and serving clients.
From the Paper
"The first vignette up for discussion involves a young aspiring psychologist instructing in basic psychology at a local community college. In this particular instance, the teacher discovers the very first day of class that two of the students are patients with whom the instructor interacts on a regular basis at a local clinic. Naturally, this delicate situation raises the issue of what the instructor should do."
"Without question, the problem here is that a psychologist treating two individuals now finds him or herself instructing those individuals in a classroom setting with others present. Consequently, the danger is that information which might be injurious to the patients could conceivably come out - most likely by way of allusion - during the course of classroom conversations; the potential issues are therefore ones of privacy and also of not upsetting fragile psyches that are trying to cope with mental illnesses while keeping the rest of their lives in balance."
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Hypnagogic Hallucinations, 2007.
This paper explores night terrors, hypnagogic paralysis and hallucinations.
1,673 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
The paper examines a case study of an individual who sees evil spirits and experiences out-of-body experiences. The paper discusses how these occurences can be understood by objective, scientific rationale. The paper's thesis is that these phenomena are components of a new parasomnia variant, conscious hypnagogic intermittent paralysis with spirit-like visual hallucinations secondary to post traumatic stress disorder.
Outline:
Thesis
Objectives
Review of Literature and Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The author's experience may at first seem unrelated to the fields of psychiatry or the neurosciences and may seem more appropriate as a case of the supernatural. A critical eye would scrutinize the case and, without more information, arrive at the same conclusion. However, science is an ever-changing body of organized knowledge that seeks out to explain rather than condemn seemingly unexplainable phenomena."
"The phenomena above have scientific counterparts as per description. Seeing evil spirits, out-of-body experiences, uncontrolled bodily actions and the unpleasant realization that these manifestations seem more powerful are very subjective experiences and need to be balanced by objective, scientific rationale in order to fully comprehend their full nature."
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Belonging To A Group, 2007.
This paper explores the psychology of group formation.
1,779 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the group-belonging mentality can quickly override individualism in nearly any social form. The paper presents a review of the Robber's Cave experiment and how it applies to current social theory relating to the behavior of individuals and groups. The paper discusses the intergroup contact theory and shows how groups can cause shifts in individual behavior that have both positive and negative outcomes.
From the Paper
"Many studies have demonstrated that when an individual becomes part of a group, if the demands of the group are uniformity of action and thought, then the individual tends to suborn itself to that group, even if the rules aren't written, established, or even understood. One landmark study of this kind of behavior shift, of the quick loss of identity and typical behavior patterns to that of the group, was the Robber's Cave Experiment. Performed in the mid 1950's, a group of homogenous 11-year olds were placed in opposing summer camps and observed while their otherwise typical and self-controlling behavior declined into a state of near animalism in terms of aggression and near violence."
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