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Research, the Belief Engine and the Internet, 2008.
An analysis of the human belief engine and the Internet as viable research tools.
2,596 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how it is almost impossible in today's age to trust any form of research implicitly. However, it is part of human nature to gather information as a form of research, connect it with our preexisting ideals, thoughts, and memories, and then form beliefs based on this new perception or "knowledge". There are, however, some forms of research that are generally considered more "true" or reasonable than others. It contends that although the Internet is becoming increasingly acceptable as a research domain, users must be intelligent and skeptical when deciding upon the reliability of Internet research.
Outline
Abstract
Introduction: The Belief Engine
Units of Belief
Belief and Research
Research on the Internet
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Internet is also a forum where bad research can be particularly harmful because a number of Internet "hoaxsters" deliberately plant wrong information which can appear quite respectable or even scientific at first glance. Many websites post hoaxes about famous people, politics, productions or organizations - sometimes in the sake of satire or humour, but other times simply to be misleading. There are also a number of "mirror websites" designed to deceive users into believing they have accessed a real, reputable site; the "mirror" site design can be so believable that many users have trouble determining its fakeness (Internet Detective, 2006). The Internet also publishes a lot of urban legends (incorrect stories or rumours that are presented as truth), scams, frauds, and Hate sites that perpetuate malicious, untrue information about an organization, person, religion, or political viewpoint (ibid). "
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Depression in Modern Society, 2008.
An analysis of depression in modern society and the problems surrounding the increased use of anti-depressants.
2,310 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper examines depression as stemming from the highly stressful, intensely competitive nature of modern society. It points out that the physical, mental, and social state of well-being of millions of people is being harmed because of the destructive aspects of the natural, social, built, and economic spheres in which they live. The paper particularly examines the problems surrounding the increasing use of anti-depressants to treat depression, such as dependence, abuse, the drugs' possible harmful side effects, and exploitation by drug companies. The paper concludes that too many people turn to "wonder drugs" for help when they cannot deal with the emotional and psychological stress induced by society.
From the Paper
"In recent years, depression in young adults has been increasingly treated with prescription drug anti-depressants such as Prozac and Paxil. The increasing use of these prescription antidepressant drugs has several implications, for recent studies have shown that more than twenty percent of young adults in the general population have emotional problems and one-third of young adults attending psychiatric clinics suffer from depression. Just as troubling, depression in this age group is greatly under-diagnosed, which presents even more implications."
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Legalization of Drugs, 2008.
An analysis of methods to decrease illegal drug use in Canada and whether prohibited drugs should become legal.
1,992 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the problems of illegal drug use in Canada and other industrialized countries. It looks at harm reduction frameworks and how they are applied to injection drugs. It particularly discusses the harm of the reduction technique at an individual level, particularly of the safe injection sites (SIS) and whether they have achieved their aims or not. It finally discusses whether illegal drugs should continue to be prohibited or not.
Table of Contents:
Introduction: Drug problems in Canadian and Industrialized Societies
True Harm Reduction?
For Or Against Continued Prohibition Of Illegal Drugs?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Illegalizing drug use indicates that policy-makers believe that drug problems are not a health issue, but a moral issue. Such legislation links criminality with drug use - that those who use drugs "are destroying, in some manner, the social fabric of our country and communities" (Boyd, 2005, pp. 48). The Canadian government, on the other hand, argues that criminalization is a health issue - that prohibition of marijuana, cocaine and other drugs is, in fact, the result of concern over the mental and physical health of Canadian citizens. Criminalization of illicit drugs is also justified by policy-makers in terms of protection against the perceived risks of dependence, both psychological and physical. However, this mentality does not correlate with current drug legislation. Though tobacco is freely available and marijuana is illegal in most countries, the former is much, much more addictive than the latter - in fact, tobacco is even more addictive than heroin (ibid, p. 49). Also, tobacco has far worse consequences for public health than does marijuana. So how can the government justify illegalizing marijuana and other drugs, whilst tobacco, a damaging drug, is freely available? And how can the government continue to pump money and attention into enforcing prohibition of drugs such as marijuana when all evidence suggests that the drug's very availability decreases its use?"
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Stockholm Syndrome and the Case of Shawn Hornbeck, 2007.
A discussion of the Stockholm syndrome with a focus on the case of Shawn Hornbeck and a research proposal for studying this syndrome.
1,833 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the case of a kidnapped boy who suffered from the Stockholm syndrome. The paper explains Stockholm syndrome and then looks at what researchers and psychologists have to say about this syndrome. The paper discusses how Shawn Hornbeck was just 11 years old at the time he was abducted (an age when most children still require parental figures) and, as a survival technique, bonded with a man who was not his father but his kidnapper. The paper also notes that the term Stockholm Syndrome was coined in reference to events that happened to adults who were held hostage for just six days. Yet these adults had become emotionally bonded to their captors within those few days. The writer then proposes a method for conducting a meta analysis on existing research of Stockholme syndrome, using a boarding school for field research. The writer concludes that physically removing children from their parents for boarding school causes them to establish a bi-directional emotional bond with the parental substitutes, which tends to confirm the theory that Hornbeck's failure to escape was caused by Stockholm Syndrome, as has been speculated in the media.
From the Paper
"Thus, in terms of this theory, Hornbeck would actually have bonded with Devlin. This bonding would likely have been motivated by his unconscious or conscious assumption that such bonding would increase the chances that Devlin would not kill him. Certainly, the hypothesis that Hornbeck bonded with Devlin is borne out by news reports that the boy had identified himself as Shawn Devlin on internet sites. Taking someone's name is surely a powerful sign of bonding - after all, the most usual time when this occurs is on marriage, which is one of the most significant types of voluntary bonding."
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Dream and Cinema, 2008.
This paper examines the utilization of dreams in American cinema, focusing on David Lynch's "Eraserhead" and Nina Menkes' "The Bloody Child".
1,230 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the use of dream as a visual device in David Lynch's film "Eraserhead" and Nina Menkes' film "The Bloody Child". The paper analyzes Lynch's use of the dreamscape as a means to facilitate symbolic substitution and Menkes' use of the dream concept as a means of actual narrative.
From the Paper
"Dream and cinema seem to go together. Film has long been considered a type of fantastic representation of what people experience, to one degree or another, when they sleep. Film seems to have the ability to bring dreams to life or to reduce life to the palatable state of a dream. In this light, dream must be understood to be an alternate form of reality; if not physical then certainly conceptual. To better grasp the psychological importance and the subjective realities that dreams, through film, can and do represent, one need look no further than the Native American religions where dreaming is seen as, "a source of personal empowerment"(Irwin, 1994, p.231). Viewed in this light, the utilization of dreams in American cinema and especially in the films of David Lynch and the lesser known Nina Menkes, must be examined from a much more rational and empirical perspective."
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Power Relations in "Miss Julie" by August Strindberg, 2008.
A summary and analysis of August Strindberg's short play "Miss Julie".
963 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 0 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This essay examines how August Strindberg's play, "Miss Julie", treats the issue of power, focusing on three elements: psychological domination and submission; the relative social status of the two principals; and the issue of gender-bending. The paper demonstrates how all of these elements relate to each other, with a common theme of changes in power balances.
From the Paper
"An element of psychological domination and submission is introduced early in this play. Nowadays we might use terms such as dominatrix, or SM (sadomasochism), but these terms are not explicitly used in the play. However, it is quite clear that these kinds of psycho-sexual power games are in fact occurring, as the two principals vie with each other for power."
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Group Dynamics and Communication, 2008.
A study of how a nursing staff improved the effectiveness of their team through group dynamics and communication.
1,700 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of group dynamics and communication by analyzing how the nursing staff on a head injury unit worked together with a team leader and a psychologist to find ways to reduce the escalating levels of aggression among patients. The paper examines factors that affect team effectiveness such as the team's productivity, quality, and timeliness, the strategies it uses to enhance its ability to work together in the future, and how the group experience contributes to the learning and well-being of team members. The paper also stresses the importance of open communication, group decision-making, cohesion, and motivation. The paper concludes that the nursing staff was able to achieve its goals through the strategies they learned and devised as a team, and most importantly, through their cohesion as a work group and their motivation.
From the Paper
"The team's task needs to correspond to the team's purpose. The team size should be as small as possible, must include members with adequate task and interpersonal skills, and should be marked by diversity. The size of the team was not a problem and there was ample diversity. Diversity means having people who are not too similar or so different that they cannot communicate or coordinate properly with one another (Wageman, 2005). The problem with the team was more based in personality where some members were introverts and others were not inclined to speak out. All groups are based on the idea of cooperative group norms that reflect the team members' shared pursuits, shared objectives, and mutual interests If the group has strong expectations about cooperation, the members expect each other to engage in information sharing (Ng & Van Dyne, 2005). Once again, the team leader needed to act on the discrepancy. The team leader is there to coordinate and motivate, and to build commitment to the group and its task, and to help find innovative ways to accomplish the tasks (Wageman, 2005)."
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Supervised Injection Sites, 2008.
This paper explores the arguments for and against the drug policy of supervised injection sites (SIS).
2,793 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses sanctioned supervised injection sites (SIS) in Canada where people may inject intravenous drugs under the supervision of trained medical staff, with clean syringes available for their use. The paper explores the reasoning behind this site and the ongoing arguments for and against its continuing operation. The paper supports the belief that drug use will continue and that at least users can be spared the harm inflicted by sharing non-sterile settings in a non-sanitary setting. The paper therefore concludes that the SIS is a sound, pragmatic drug policy that should be continued and developed further.
From the Paper
"In the case of SIS, the reasoning is that drug addicts are going to inject themselves with illegal drugs anyway, so why not make the actual process safer? Especially given that much of the health damage associated with intravenous drug use derives from factors other than the drugs. For example, non-sterile needles cause death through infection, and shared needles cause diseases and death by passing on Hepatitis C, AIDS, etc. As Ezard (2001) points out, the discovery that HIV transmission is linked to injectable drugs "arguably spearheaded the harm reduction movement for illicit drug use" (p. 208). Moreover, many drug deaths are due to overdoses, and those who accidentally overdose in a SIS will be given medical assistance more promptly, and are thus more likely to survive."
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Bullying Across the Lifespan, 2008.
An analysis of the literature on bullying and its impact on psychosocial development.
2,640 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper takes an in-depth look at how and to what extent bullying can negatively impact the bully, the victim, and the social structure in which bullying occurs. The paper reviews literature on bullying that addresses its effects on psychosocial development as well as its long-term effects over the course of a lifetime. The paper also focuses on bullying in school and a curriculum that may help to reduce bullying. The paper concludes by presenting an experimental model, already proven effective in the field, which involved a conflict resolution training program for students, teachers, staff, and community members.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Understanding Bullying
Bullying and Appropriate Psychosocial Development
Curriculum Design and Bullying
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Bullying has historically been recognized as a common outcome when children are allowed to interact in social settings. In 1987, Besag noted that "one of the major difficulties in considering bullying is that it is not a phenomenon which is easily defined and measured" (p. 9). Attempts to define bullying become "cumbersome" and the efforts taken to summarize all forms of behavior that are linked to bullying are so diverse that attaching a specific term to these reduces the applicability of effective measurement (Besag, 1987). Instead, it is best to approach bullying as a "problem to be considered within the context of normal social behavior, where often both the bully and the victim have become enmeshed in a process of maladaptive social functioning" (Besag, 1987). If this maladaptive social functioning is not curtailed through external intervention or through internal resolution, it may "suddenly escalate into crisis" (Besag, 1987). This requires that bullying be identified and responded to as representative of issues found within problematic social interaction between two or more persons."
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Learning and Tolerating the Homeless Culture, 2007.
A discussion of cultural and social differences.
1,804 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses a series of conversations the writer recently had with a homeless person. The paper explains how these interactions provided an opportunity for learning about someone else's culture, an opportunity to understand individual as well as cultural differences, an opportunity to enjoy shared experiences, and a chance to grasp the day-to-day exigencies of this individual's life. The paper further explores a number of themes - culture shock, stereotyping and various theoretical concepts. In conclusion, the paper shows that people who are different from ourselves may seem frightening at first glance, but their humanity becomes more and more undeniable the more we allow ourselves to understand and appreciate the cultures within which they operate.
From the Paper
"To begin with, this writer conducted a series of sit-down interviews with a homeless person residing in the local community. Initially, the contact was strictly visual as the writer sought to gain a sense of the man and a sense of what his state of mind was. Not long thereafter, however, a verbal line of communication was opened - largely because I offered to buy him a cup of coffee and because I made it clear to him that his life story was of interest to me. During the course of our conversation at the local Starbucks, I became self-conscious and vaguely uncomfortable - not least of all because a number of people took to staring at the odd couple in their midst."
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Families with an Autistic Child, 2008.
An analysis of some of the issues that face families with an autistic child.
1,298 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at some of the challenges that are faced by families with an autistic child. It begins by presenting a case study of a family who struggled to diagnose a child with autism. It also discusses crisis issues within families who have children with autism. The paper then analyzes a study that looks at whether there is a connection between language and theory of mind between autistic children and those with moderate learning difficulties.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Families with Autistic Children and Crisis
Methods
Results
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In another study titled, "The Broader Cognitive Phenotype of Autism in Parents: How Specific is the tendency for local processing and executive dysfunction?" (Bolte, 2006, p. 639) showed parents of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children performed faster in processing their children with a myriad of interactive tests (Embedded Figures Test, Block Design, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Tower of Hanoi, and Trailmaking Test) compared to parents with schizophrenia or mental retardation (640-1). It seems that autistic children need more attention from parents compared to the other children having schizophrenia and mental retardation. As the parents learn to cope with autistic disorder, their children seem to trust and cope with their parents."
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Ethical Practice in Counseling, 2007.
An examination of two specific sections of the American Psychological Association's (APA) code of ethics from a counselor's point of view.
1,353 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper examines two sections of the APA's code of ethics: confidentiality and discrimination. It looks at an instance wherein the APA code of ethics offends the writer's personal beliefs and an instance where the code is in accordance with the writer's beliefs. The paper explains how one must never allow personal sensibilities to intrude upon the professional discharge of duties. The paper then discusses the case of a daughter accusing her father of rape, and the ethical obligations of the counselor according to the APA code of ethics. In addition, the writer relates that she values confidentiality, but believes that confidentiality cannot be absolute and something as serious as an allegation of sexual assault must be brought to the attention of the father - as long as reasonable precautions have been undertaken.
From the Paper
"To begin with, this writer finds little in the APA Code of Ethics that is cause for concern. In particular, section 3.01 of the APA's 2003 Code of Ethics takes a strong stance on the issue of unfair discrimination, stating that discriminating against any party on the basis of age, gender, race, religious affiliation or sexual orientation - among several others - is abominable and unacceptable. As someone who has long been opposed to discrimination in all its forms, obeying this injunction is something that will cause little trouble for this counselor. On the other hand, my own strong feelings about the need to maintain confidentiality - and my recognition that confidentiality is something which cannot always be maintained - is an area that is sure to cause me some significant angst insofar as my professional obligations run counter to my own personal belief system and my own conviction that confidential disclosures from a young person should not be circulated to other members of the group."
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The Meaning of Suffering, 2008.
This paper explains Margaret Newman's theory of understanding health and illness.
718 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
The paper explains how Margaret Newman's theory provides a way of answering the question about suffering and meaning. The paper discusses how patients have to understand the meaning in their healing experience by comprehending the patterns and processes that are linked with the larger world. The paper shows how Newman's theory is especially useful with patients who have to come to terms with illnesses such as multiple sclerosis or Spina Bifida.
Outline:
Introduction
Experience
Reflection
Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"I once met a patient who had such painful arthritis that she needed to be set to the psychiatric unit for evaluation. Mrs. B was in so much pain that she was very depressed that the staff members were afraid she would harm herself. She was asking why this was happening to her, and saying that she could not take it anymore. No staff member was capable of responding to her question and comment. The experience made me realize that we see patients suffering all the time. What can be said to Mrs. B or to any patient who is going through enormous physical, emotional or spiritual suffering?"
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Freud and Jung, 2008.
An examination of the close relationship between Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung and the effects of that relationship on each party.
1,044 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the basic psychoanalytic theories of Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung, who became acquainted in 1906 and maintained an active correspondence for the next seven years. The paper analyzes their close relationship and looks at the effect of the relationship on each of them. It then discusses the differences of opinions that they had and how these eventually ended their relationship.
From the Paper
"Freud believed that the definitive force in all activity was sexuality. Unfulfilled sexuality led to pathological conditions. Jung accepted sex as important, but believed that it was only one drive. He contended that humans are also driven by their need to achieve full self-knowledge. He felt many emotions drive psychologically unhealthy patterns of behavior. What unites these was the desire to feel basic completeness. (Ellis-Christensen, 2007; "Carl Gustav Jung," 2003) Jung would not accept the notion that sex underlay every problem. This limited the psyche by having sex define everything. (Trilling, 1974) He had always been cautious about this, while Freud grew increasingly dogmatic. (Davis, 1997; Ellis-Christensen, 2007)"
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