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Monetary Versus Fiscal Policies: Conflict or Cohesion, 2007.
An examination of the monetary and fiscal policies and their links to economic stabilization.
2,077 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that at root of an economy are factors of overall income versus consumption rates within the economy. The writer discusses the similarity in the objectives of the monetary and fiscal policies. In the conclusion the paper shows that while fiscal and monetary policy are designed to work in tandem they are often in a state of conflict, not because of systemic marginalities, but because of the political motivations of those controlling the government.
From the Paper
"Monetary policy is typically an area of responsibility that rests the central bank structure within the U.S. and is directed by the Federal Reserve Chairman. Fiscal policy is a responsibility that generally rests with the federal government. Monetary policy and fiscal policy both are concerned about short term economic performance but monetary policy is ideally designed to increase gross domestic product (GDP) and to control for inflationary pressures in the long-term. Conversely, fiscal policy is normally aligned with principles of short run economic growth while controlling long term economic expansion associated with overheated economic activities."
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The EU and NAFTA, 2008.
A comparison of the institutions and policies of the European Union (EU) and North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
1,529 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly examines the differences and similarities between the European Union (EU) and North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Specifically, the paper explores the various institutions of each and notes how the EU has in place institutions which seek political and social integration (at least with regards to policy) in a way that NAFTA does not - and probably never will.
From the Paper
"Having mentioned at length the political integration of Europe, some time should be devoted to the legal integration of the continent (and Great Britain). For one thing, the European Court of Justice ensures that all laws promulgated by the council and parliament are interpreted and applied in the same fashion in all member states; at the same time, the Luxembourg Court also ensures that national courts do not give different rulings when confronted with the same legal matters and substantially the same laws - and it works tirelessly to compel EU institutions to follow the letter of the law, as well (Europa, "How is the EU Organized?" sec.4). For its part, the Court of Auditors supervises EU funds and checks to make sure that taxpayer money is not spent illegally or in a profligate manner; the court - also based in Luxembourg - has the right to audit any organization handling EU money (Europa, "How is the EU Organized?" sec.5)."
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The 2003 Iraq War, 2008.
This paper discuses the role of liberal internationalism in the development of the 2003 Iraq War.
1,100 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the fundamental basis for liberal internationalism is the coupling of a commitment to freedom and to a free market economy with the desire to spread the country's sphere of influence. The author points out that aggressive liberal internationalism has been characterized by the willingness of a few powerful nations, such as the United States and Great Britain, to use military and political force to promote these liberal ideals and paradoxically promote peace and security. The paper argues that, although some people argue that not enough time has passed for the roots of liberalism to take hold in Iraq and help stabilize the region, this policy has failed in Iraq. The author concludes that it is impossible to impose liberal policies and institutions on societies and cultures that have no tradition of liberalism.
From the Paper
"Critics have argued that the nearly unilateral invasion of Iraq by the United States represents the nation's departure from the liberal tradition in international relations. But this is not the case. Liberal internationalism is simply a theoretical approach to international relations that works to spread the influence of the liberal tradition, and even, in extreme cases, to punish those nations who do not abide by that tradition. While, in a practical sense, it makes little sense for there to be a liberal international order of only one nation..."
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"Marilyn", 2008.
An analysis of Andy Warhol's work, "Marilyn," in the context of the theories of Karl Marx.
2,454 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Andy Warhol's image of Marilyn Monroe, which he created using silkscreen. The paper suggests that the work was a reflection of the time period and a comment on the capitalistic society that was impacting the lives of all people throughout the world. It then goes on to analyze the work, "Marilyn," in the context of the theories of Karl Max.
From the Paper
"The research indicates that there is significant evidence in the literature to conclude that within Warhol's work Marilyn the artist included Marxist ideology as a foundation for his creation. In many areas Warhol's philosophy of the world mirrored the beliefs of Marx, especially in relation to how Marx contended that society was controlled by capitalistic gain and through the alienation of man from his world. It is not apparent whether or not Warhol personally adopted the theories of Karl Marx in relation to his life or his work. However, there is strong evidence that criticism of the artist's image of Marilyn indicates that there was a shared ideology between Marx and Warhol, which transcends the silkscreen print of the actress."
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The Historical Roots of Modern Terrorism, 2007.
An examination of historical manifestation of terrorism in society.
1,772 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper explains where terrorism has come from and examines the ideological foundations upon which it rests. The writer discusses how, historically, terrorism has always had political roots, where as modern terrorism has emerged as something that is somewhat divorced from this political context. The writer points out that understanding terrorism will provide modern scholars with the resources needed to understand the motivations and future actions of terrorist organizations.
From the Paper
"The threat of terrorism has been bandied about in the West since the 2001 attacks on the United States as the preeminent security issue for modern nations. While this may be something of a hyperbole, it is nonetheless true that terrorism does represent a threat to the Western world in at least some instances. But to understand the modern form that terrorism has taken and the real or imagined threat it poses, it is important to have a sense of the historical roots of terrorism."
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Decline of Britain, 2008.
This paper provides an analysis of the relative British decline after 1870.
2,839 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that in order to effectively analyze the relative British decline after 1870, it is necessary to examine nineteenth and twentieth century economic and political history and policies. This examination produces the evidence necessary to determine why and how Great Britain declined. The writer identifies the economic model involved and reveals the economic, political and social factors that combined to end Great Britain's long era of imperial dominance.
Outline:
Introduction
Hypothesis
Specification of an Economic Model
Evidence
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This decline was accelerated by the First World War, which strained the British economy to the breaking point, and intensified after the war when Great Britain and other Western capitalist nations experienced a severe global economic depression, which bankrupted treasuries and cost millions of people their jobs. In response, the people in these countries became isolationist and their governments proceeded to establish trade barriers to shut out the contagion of recession spreading around the world. But limiting trade only led to more impoverishment for the average person, more international turmoil, and another world war that cost fifty million lives."
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Behaviorism: A Work in Progress, 2008.
An examination of individuals and theories of Ivan Pavlov, John Locke, John Watson and Burrhus Frederic Skinner and their impact on the theory of behaviorism.
3,121 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and defines the theory of behaviorism and how it relates to present day therapy. The paper examines many historical scientists' theories and ideas which provided the needed information so that behaviorism could be born. It also explains how John Watson is considered the founder of behaviorism even though the theory has been documented back to the times of Aristotle. The historical roots of behaviorism and present day uses are also examined in this paper.
Outline:
Abstract
Behaviorism
History of Behaviorism
John Watson: Behaviorism
Ivan Pavlov: Classical Conditioning
John Locke: Tabula Rasa
B.F. Skinner: Operant Conditioning
Aristotle
Current Use
From the Paper
"Throughout history, many scholars have theorized that environment plays an important role in defining the outcome of an individual. Aristotle first hypothesized that the mind of or psyche of a person existed because of external factors. Other theorist expounded on this premise until John Watson made it a focus of his studies of behavior. Behaviorism projects that individuals are products of their experiences and have become who they are because of conditioning. John Watson, who is credited with Behaviorism made the comment that he could take twelve healthy infants and take any one of them and mold them into any given occupation regardless of genetics, race, talents and/or abilities. Watson believed that all "healthy" individuals are the same at birth but are only differentiated by the specific stimuli in their own experiences throughout their lives."
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Media, Technology and Society, 2007.
An examination of the influence of the media on society today.
1,763 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the media is highly influential on society. The writer discusses how politicians depend heavily on the mass media as a way of reaching the public and explains the role of the mass media in foreign policy. Additionaly, the writer shows how media affects the development of new technology. The writer concludes that the media influences behavior through imitation and influences technology by helping determine what sorts of technology are wanted, what services are provided, and what products consumers seek.
From the Paper
"The media is very influential in society today and has been for decades. The nature of the media has changed over that time, from the beginnings of the mass media with national magazines and large city newspapers, continuing through the development of the motion picture, radio, and television, and today with new media such as the Internet. Changes in technology clearly affect the nature of the media, making new means of communication possible. The existing media affects technology as well, causing certain types of technology to be developed rather than others, with both the media and the technology carrying the media affecting society in a number of ways."
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Canada's Gendered Welfare State, 2007.
An examination of the Canadian social welfare policy.
1,406 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper examines a series of articles which all criticize the current push towards a neo-liberal interpretation of social welfare policy - both in Canada and in a number of other western nations. The paper suggests that the articles' central theme remains the same - that women are unjustly victimized by the prevailing social welfare network. The paper examines the argument made that women are falling behind in some regards vis-a-vis social welfare after some moderate advances in previous decades and concludes that the articles' authors are not necessarily wrong in their views, but occasionally over-state their cases - in large measure because their work is informed by ideological commitments as well as by scholarly concerns.
From the Paper
"In her work, Ann Porter seeks to advance a "feminist economy" that illustrates how women are - and have been - oppressed by the capitalist system and by the patriarchal order. Specifically, Porter devotes a great deal of her time to looking at the historically strained relationship between the state and women and draws approvingly from socialist (or Marxist) feminists who critique how the traditional capitalist order supported a traditional "dual" arrangement whereby the man served as breadwinner and the woman served as a dependent subordinate in charge of the household. However, the advent of women entering the paid workforce in great numbers changed this arrangement and therefore blunted the inherently exploitative features of the patriarchal capitalist order as it pertained to women."
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Urban Poverty in Toronto, 2008.
A policy briefing about urban poverty in Toronto.
1,133 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a brief on the issue of urban poverty in, Toronto, Canada's largest city. Specifically, the paper argues that poverty must be addressed quickly - both through an improved remedial education system and via an improved social welfare safety net that distributes monies more efficiently. The paper explores the matter within an international context and suggests that urban poverty is a problem Toronto can overcome, even if other cities have faltered in combating it.
Table of Contents:
Issue
Analysis
Recommendations
From the Paper
"Thirdly, the city of Toronto has no justification for not turning its many brown fields into sites whereupon affordable apartment complexes for low-income individuals can be built. This would be an effective use of available land, would allow the city to make a profit, and would reduce the strain upon the city's over-burdened social welfare and shelter programs. Of all of the recommendations outlined above, giving the less-fortunate the tools they need to fend for themselves is the most productive measure the city can enact if only one option is available."
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Pakistan, 2007.
This extensive paper is a political, historical and economic analysis of Pakistan.
4,320 words (approx. 17.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 114.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Pakistan's turbulent history over the past fifty years, its geographical proximity to hostile India and the tensions generated by rival Islamic and Western influences have led to frequent changes in its constitution and to a general suppression of citizens' rights. The author points out that Pakistan's economy, throughout much of its relatively brief history, has been hampered by underdevelopment and chronic poverty in parts of Pakistan, as well as by fiscal mismanagement. The paper concludes that Pakistan's outlook over the next three to five years is uncertain and potentially grim because of the political and religious sectarian instability in southwest Asia: The entire region is a powder keg.
Table of Contents:
Prologue
Introduction
Country Essentials
Leadership Profiles
System of Government
Key Issues
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Ultimately, classical Islamic thoughts can contribute to the development of modern democratic institutions in Islamic countries, for the theoretical foundations of democratic systems of justice were advocated by the Prophet Muhammad and have been developed by Muslim philosophers and jurists for centuries. But because democracy is equated with the West, non-Western values and practices must shape the conceptualization and utilization of democracy in Pakistan."
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European Chauvinism, 2007.
This paper examines Stuart Hall's "The West and the Rest: Discourse and Power" where he presents arguments about the causes of European imperialism.
1,464 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper examines and compares Stuart Hall's arguments with those of Bill Freund and of Reinhard Bendix. The paper explores how the authors analyze the factors which made colonialism and wide-spread exploitation on continental scales possible. The paper shows how Bill Freund and Reinhard Bendix emphasize the chauvinistic European mind-set that Hall delves into at length in his work. The paper concludes that Hall's contention about European chauvinism is starkly illustrated by the available evidence.
From the Paper
"Hall begins his discussion by noting that one of the chief reasons that the early western explorers traveled in the direction of the New World was because they were seeking to find and to secure the fantastic wealth of the East (185). In this regard, Hall is somewhat like Freund who, as we shall see, argues that the evils of western imperialism derive from its exploitative economic relationship to the more impoverished territories of the world. However, Hall deviates from Freund in the sense that he does not focus wholly (or largely) upon economic factors which contributed - or which might have contributed - to western relations with the rest of the world; rather, his focus is upon the socio-cultural and anthropological distinctiveness of the west from other societies. With this in mind, "western" countries may be defined as those lands that are "developed, industrialized, urbanized, capitalist, secular, and modern" (Hall, 186)."
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Protecting Home Buyers, 2008.
This paper looks at agencies and laws dealing with the protection of home buyers.
3,412 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer discusses the various agencies and laws which exist to protect home buyers in the real estate transaction process, from securing the necessary credit to dealing with real estate agents. The paper devotes a great deal of time looking at what rights new home purchasers have with regards to gaining access to credit, for it is credit that ultimately determines whether any such purchase will be possible in the first place. Furthermore, the paper also peers into the legislation geared towards protecting those who wish to buy homes from others, but who may have to deal with antiquated racist attitudes in the process. Lastly, the paper offers a brief critique of the available literature and what it appears to suggest about the measures presently in place to protect home buyers in America.
From the Paper
"Other organizations contribute in other ways. For example, Wood reports in a 2005 study he also conducted on behalf of the Government Accounting Office that the Department of Agriculture and Urban Development's Federal Housing Administration and the Department of Agriculture's Rural Housing Service guaranteed roughly $136 billion in mortgages for multi-family rental housing, for various health care facilities and, most importantly for our purposes, for single family homes. Apparently overgenerous to a fault, both organizations have also had to suspend their issuance of guarantees in the past because they went over the dollar amounts they were permitted to spend under their commitment authority or, in a closely-related vein, because they went over the dollar limits prescribed to them under their credit subsidy budget authority for a given year. Needless to say, the result of these suspensions is that many families which rely upon the aforementioned loan guarantees find themselves faced with unexpected financial hardships. Wood reports that, while both programs have many things which commend themselves, the simple fact of the matter is that the FHA and RHS loan guarantee programs operate on a first-come, first-served basis - a practice which can easily discriminate against poor families who lack knowledge about the programs."
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U.S. Defense Budgeting, 2008.
This paper describes the U.S. defense budgeting process and argues that it is complex and cluttered.
2,630 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the strengths of the U.S. defense budgeting process are that it has many avenues for access and accountability by interested parties, ensuring that the overall military effort is essentially transparent and responsible to society. The author points out that the process allows for much waste and influence, which adds cost rather than value; thereby, the process fails to promote efficiency. The paper relates that the system is not likely to be changed radically soon because the entrenched interests can continue to win favored positions and reforming the system takes great momentum and uncommon nerve. Sources listed are in the form of endnotes.
Table of Contents:
Budgeting Concepts
Budgeting Participants
Budgeting Process
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One of the main ways that government decides on what to spend each year is through baseline budgeting. It takes what was spent in the previous year as the jumping off point and begins its deliberations on what to spend in the upcoming years based upon that. By using this method, the government can operate according to expectations that have some recent history to support claims that more money is needed or less can be done with. It looks at how things went in the past year and decides where to beef up spending and where to cut."
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Development in Bangladesh, 2008.
An analysis of development and political change in Bangladesh according to dependency theory.
1,014 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how a critical examination of development of Bangladesh indicates that its development has proceeded in accordance with dependency theory, which reflects the English School theory of international relations.
From the Paper
"It must also be taken into account that Bangladesh is the poorest country on earth, yet has vast, untapped oil reserves, which makes it a tempting target for a Western power such as the United States, which may decide to "liberate" it in the name of "democracy" as part of "the war on terror" after it finishes "liberating" Iraq and perhaps Iran as well.
The current political weakness of the Bush Administration and the chaos in Iraq make this scenario unlikely in the near future, but such a development over the next ten to twenty years cannot be ruled out. "
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