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Immigration and Healthcare, 2008.
This paper argues that the correlation between illegal immigration and hospital closures is unproven.
2,316 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer discusses the issue of illegal immigration and health care in the US. The writer notes that one aspect of this issue is that illegal immigration is blamed for the deteriorating quality of health care in the Unites States. Specifically, the writer points out that illegal immigration is often blamed for the closing of hospitals. This essay examines hospital closures in California, an area hard-hit by the influx of illegal aliens. The writer concludes that illegal immigration and its attendant costs played only a minimal role in recent hospital closures, so that the link between immigration and hospital closure is, at best, not proven.
From the Paper
"The cost of care that a hospital must provide before it can safely discharge a patient can be very extensive and extremely expensive. In the first case in which the United States Supreme Court dealt with EMTALA, the patient was life-flighted to a hospital. In emergency surgery, doctors removed her spleen. She then remained in acute care, on a ventilator, for some two months. At the point when the hospital was about to transfer her to a nursing home, she developed severe complications and had to be returned to acute care for an additional six months."
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Toni Cade Bambara's "The Lesson", 2007.
A look at how the plot and theme of Toni Cade Bambara's short story, "The Lesson", reflect communist ideology.
1,645 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in "The Communist Manifesto", Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx deplore the emergence of classes, such as the bourgeois and the proletariat, which they consider to be products of the rise and dominance of capitalism in Europe. The author points out that, in "The Lesson", Toni Cade Bambara relates how the African-American children, who are intimidated by the displays of white wealth they see on Fifth Avenue, are reluctant to enter the F.A.O. Schwarz toy store and express their resentment through scorn. The paper demonstrates how Bambara uses plot, themes, characterizations and the symbolism of the settings to create the conflict between social classes that is also suggested by Engels and Marx. The paper includes quotations from the book.
From the Paper
"Examples from "The Communist Manifesto" and this scene from "The Lesson" confirm this and demonstrate how literature can be an ideological force. For example, Marx himself observed that literature is not a static mirror image of culture; rather it is itself a contributing force to the social dialectic of history. Furthermore, he noted that literature does not just reflect the hegemony of the ruling class; it also reflects the oppositional forces that counter that hegemony. It carries the vestigial traces of past modes of production and the germs of the future modes of production."
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The Organizing Construct of U.S Foreign Policy, 2007.
This paper argues that the Bush War on Terror has replaced the Truman Cold War as the organizing construct of U.S foreign policy.
785 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper states that both the Cold War and the present-day War on Terror doctrines are excellent examples of a "good-versus-evil" paradigm that paints U.S. international affairs in unsophisticated shades of black and white. The author points out that the Bush doctrine is wholly committed to pre-empting terror and not merely interested in containing it as in the Truman Cold War doctrine. The paper concludes that both approaches call for a vigilant and aggressive America that seeks to advance its own security wherever it is deemed necessary.
From the Paper
"In many respects, it may be said that the Truman Doctrine began the "policy of containment" whereby the United States would aggressively confront any expansion of communism outside of the USSR and Eastern Europe. By comparison, the Bush Doctrine - while it would certainly seem amenable to offering military and financial support to foreign countries that are genuinely eager to engage the terrorist threat - is much more about pre-emption than about containment."
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International Political Economy, 2007.
This paper discuses the field of international political economy, which has become increasingly important because of mass globalization.
3,805 words (approx. 15.2 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that current political economic changes across the globe, such as the appearance of the euro, trends in foreign direct investment and the introduction of the Internet, have lead to a need to reform existing international politics and implement a more efficient system. The author points out that automobile and electronic manufacturers are not in favor of a globalized free trade but rather find it more advantageous to employ a closed economic block to wage war against rival firms in Japan and Europe. The paper stresses that an increasing gap between developing and rich nations needs to be stemmed by creating an environment, which is beneficial for conditions of long-term per capita income growth.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
History of Globalization and International Political Economy
Issues Surrounding Trade
Environmental and Social Issues
The International Political Situation: Now and in the Future
Problems International Political Economists Must Overcome
Conclusion: Future Directions
From the Paper
"Contemporary trends toward enforcing major trade policies between numerous countries have provided a number of challenges. Even over the last decade, the NAFTA agreement, the WTO and the proposed (and failed) fast-track scheme U.S. President Clinton proposed in 1997-98 are three world-renown examples. NAFTA caused a lot of controversy, not only outside of U.S. borders but within. The agreement aimed to expand on an existing arrangement between the U.S. and Canada of "free trade" (a hallmark of globalization) which expanded in the late 1980s to include Mexico. "
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"Boomerang", 2007.
An analysis and review of the arguments presented in Theda Skocpol's book "Boomerang".
1,952 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews Theda Skocpol's book "Boomerang," which analyzes the failure of President Bill Clinton's health care reform effort of 1993-94. The paper discusses the issue, thesis and methodology used by Skocpol in her book and then assesses the quality of her evidence and the argument itself that she uses. Finally, the paper discusses the overall value of the book.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Issue and Skocpol's Argument
Central Argument
Methodology
Assessment of Argument
From the Paper
"A major strength of Boomerang is that Skocpol provides suggestions related to how health security could have been pursued differently. Clinton "could have tried to further managed competition within a budget through a ten-to-twelve- person bipartisan commission" (Skocpol 180). Such a commission made up of experts and representatives from such diverse areas as business, medicine, unions, and insurance would have enabled Clinton to obtain a wider mandate and engage in public education. Clinton also could have experimented with a number of versions of "play or pay that incorporated contingent cost controls of various sorts" (Skocpol 181). In addition, democrats and other supporters of universal health insurance could have, even after the defeat of the Health Security bill, continued with their campaign for health care quality and health insurance coverage. Unregulated competition and tax cuts for the wealthy at the expense of government programs cannot produce security for the majority of Americans who receive very low incomes. Clinton could have asked that employers participate, "either by sharing the costs of insurance with employees or by paying a modest fee to help cover the uninsured" (Skocpol 181). Health alliances as voluntary cost-controlling mechanisms both for business and the public sector could have been created. Another recommendation that comes out of the Democratic failure is that money from the federal budget be made available for the purpose of health care reform. Another lesson for the Democrats is to create new alliances in general. They need to focus on moral values, social justice, as well as on enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of programs which promote equality."
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Canadian Military Intervention in Afghanistan, 2007.
This paper analyzes the negative impact of Canadian military intervention for democracy in Afghanistan.
1,056 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the idea of a nation's independent sovereignty is the basis of proving the irrational and negative aspects of Canadian military intervention in Afghanistan's democratic elections. Furthermore, the writer points out that the link between warlord policing units and the Canadian military against the civilian population often contributes to governmental destabilization, which is contrary to the people's will. In essence, the writer maintains that the imposing interventionist policy of the Canadian military will have a negative impact on any form of developmental democracy in Afghanistan.
From the Paper
"The general definition of a democracy is the rule of the people to chose their own representational leaders in government. The will of the people in Afghanistan should be the guiding rule of law if this form of government is going to be implemented. However, after the military invasion of Afghanistan by the United States in 2001, Canada has decidedly taken the view that the country must become "democratized" in accordance with U.S. policy in the region. This policy is founded on the principle that the country must be under Canadian military control, along with other NATO countries, but has failed to bring any type of stability or order in the country to allow legal elections to occur. Military occupation by the Canadian military has often been a source of antagonism to law and order, as they often do not correctly separate "insurgents" or members of the Taliban from the innocent non-combatant civilians in the region. Alongside the military occupation of Afghanistan, the Canadian and American military have installed a warlord-backed police force to deal with any type of civilian rebellion in the region."
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Capitalism and Society, 2007.
A review of the affect of capitalism on society through literature and philosophy.
1,493 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the influences of capitalism on society. It does this by comparing and contrasting Henry Miller's "Death of a Salesman" and C. Wright Mills' "The Sociological Imagination" with two outside sources: Max Weber's "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism" and Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels' "The Communist Manifesto". Through these sources, the paper aims to identify the various positive and negative influences capitalism has had on individuals, families, relationships, politics and on society itself.
From the Paper
"But Weber disagreed with Marx's claim that social alienation is only a transitional stage on the road to man's true emancipation from the chains of capitalism and did not accept Marx's rigid assertion that capitalism had led to the expropriation of the worker
from the mode of production. Weber believed that what Marx defined as expropriation was simply an inevitable consequence of any societal system of rationally coordinated production.
In contrast to Marx's position on this issue, Weber argued that people could not participate in socially significant action unless they joined large-scale organizations."
"He conceded that upon joining such organizations they would have to place their own personal desires and goals secondary to the impersonal goals and procedures of the organization. This could have personal consequences in the form of social alienation, but the advantages of membership in large organizations would enable them to contribute
to socially significant actions. (Weber 98)"
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Civic Engagement, 2007.
This paper discusses nuclear weapons and looks at the influence of civic
engagement on arms control.
1,280 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that an examination of civic engagement in global public policy demonstrates that citizens have increasingly joined transnational networks to try to influence policy and bring about change. The writer points out that some of these campaigns have been very successful, some have had mixed success, and some failed to achieve their goals altogether. The writer discusses that in the 1980's, the civic engagement of millions of people to reduce the nuclear arsenals of the United States and the Soviet Union was a mixed success, for significant nuclear arms reductions were achieved, but nuclear war is still a threat to the survival of humanity. The writer maintains that many aspects of this civic engagement need to be examined and analyzed, not only because these efforts helped to end the Cold War, but because similar efforts are needed today to prevent new nuclear arms races from developing, both regionally and globally.
The writer concludes that examining civic engagement in global public policy demonstrates that concerned citizens have increasingly participated in transnational efforts to try to influence policy and effect change. The paper includes an annotated bibliography.
From the Paper
"Criteria such as the signing and ratification of these treaties confirms the success of this civic engagement campaign, as does documented evidence that the nuclear arsenals of the two superpowers were reduced by fifty-percent in many strategic and tactical weapons categories, while other categories such as short-range and medium range nuclear ballistic missiles were eliminated entirely. This was all achieved without any direct participation by citizens in international decision-making forums, and was produced primarily through domestic political pressure."
"This campaign was legitimate, for the nuclear arms race had escalated for decades after the first atomic bombs were developed, and the nuclear arsenals of the two superpowers consisted of more than forty-thousand nuclear warheads by the early 1980's."
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Marx and Alienation, 2007.
An analysis of the theory of alienation in the philosophy of Karl Marx.
936 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the crucial aspects of Karl Marx's description of alienation within his social theory. It looks at how, by analyzing the differing aspects of human nature, Marx defines the separation of "natural" things from each other or that develop an antagonism toward one anther in social harmony. It shows how this provides evidence that Marx's theory of alienation is still valid, which in turn provides evidence for the commonly used materialist definitions of "human nature" within modern society.
From the Paper
"The social and economic perspectives of alienation to be effective within society directly relates to how class division forces the proletariat to become mere commodities. Marx had defined in his "Theses on Feuerbach" that the bourgeois seek to create a religious or mythic definition of human nature, but this form of alienation must translate into productivity and labor. Through the use of capital, the separation of the working classes within that of the bourgeois is part of the materialization of the abstraction of human nature. "
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Social Assistance, 2007.
Analyzes 3 articles on social assistance: "Slouching toward the Bottom? Provincial Social Assistance Provision in Canada", "Alberta: One-Party
"Dominance and Neo-Liberalism", & "Aroused like One from Sleep: From NewPoor Law to Contractual Workfare".
1,133 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes how neo-liberal policy has its roots in nineteenth century conceptions about the unemployed - and how this mind-set has crept back into the provincial policy-making of modern-day Canada. While discussing the three articles, the writer suggests that the climate of entitlement which characterized the period from 1945 to at least the middle 1970s in much of the western world has given way to a neo-liberal ethic that actually hearkens back to an earlier time wherein obligations on the part of those who found themselves under-employed were considered at least as important as the rights those individuals had to secure shelter and some form of income. The writer concludes that social policy is cyclical, and that the articles appear to capture that trend.
From the Paper
"Before bringing this paper to a close, a few final points are in order. Clearly, there can be little question that all of the articles touch upon the new-found popularity of neo-liberal policies in an age of globalization and in an age of governmental retreat brought about by the new fluidity of capital, people, information and resources - a fluidity which has dramatically curtailed the power of government to execute labor policy as it once did. Beyond that, it may be said that these articles craft a compelling picture of the ideological and political reasons why governmental actors did not strive harder, when it became clear that the easy affluence and low unemployment of the immediate post-War period was no longer guaranteed, to protect the entitlements and generous provisions to which many Canadians had become accustomed after 1945. Ultimately, economic pressures provided a welcome excuse for neo-conservative statesmen to pursue reformist measures that would have been unthinkable a generation earlier."
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Sale of Universities, 2007.
This paper provides a summary of the book 'Universities for Sale' by N.Tudiver.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the thesis of the book 'Universities for Sale' is that universities will be destroyed if business takes them over. The writer notes Tudiver's view that, with higher education becoming increasingly concerned with the interests of corporations, professors are being transformed into entrepreneurs who are focused on revenue and profit. The writer maintains that to a large extent, universities have become business enterprises, even though this outcome was realized much later in Canada than in the United States. The writer notes that the value of the book is that it makes the reader aware of how business interests historically became part of the university and changed that institution. The writer points out that the book also demonstrates what is at stake in commercialization and that we are currently at a decisive point in deciding the future.
From the Paper
"Several factors delayed Canadian universities in the trend to commercialization. In contrast to the United States, there were not many opportunities for association with corporations. Canadian universities had support from the state which reduced market pressures. Universities were able to preserve their independence because of state funding. Another important factor was that decentralized unionization was operating in Canadian universities. The impact of restraint, however, was the most powerful factor in the move towards commercialization. During the mid-1970s, a general economic slowdown caused universities to undergo a prolonged period of restraint. Governments removed funding from social spending, and universities suffered from unequal funding from provincial governments across Canada. The solution by universities was to increase student tuition which resulted in problems with accessibility to higher learning. Along with increased tuition, universities began a campaign of aggressive recruitment."
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Discrimination in Labor, 2007.
This paper discusses the issue of discrimination against women in the Canadian labor market.
1,545 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that some people today might think that women are no longer discriminated against in the workplace. After all, the writer points out that there is a Bill of Rights that prohibits discrimination against women in all arenas, including the workplace. However, this essay argues that there is still discrimination against women in the workplace. The writer explains that this is true with regard to the types of jobs women are able to get, as well as the wages they are able to earn, working conditions and wrongful dismissal compensation, among other aspects. The writer concludes that this is true despite a plethora of legislature and court rulings that have attempted to correct the situation.
From the Paper
"Moreover, with regard to the crucial matters of finding a good job and earning decent wages, the evidence clearly shows that women are still disadvantaged relative to men. The fact that there is still a substantial wage gap is demonstrated by the findings of a comprehensive Workplace and Employee Survey (WES) which was conducted in 1999. The WES clearly and indisputably showed that women were still earning much less than men. Overall, women were paid 80c for every $1 paid to men. Women's average hourly rate was $17.14, while for men it was $21.54. This survey was careful to make the kind of statistical errors that had previously skewed results. For example, it based the survey on hourly wages, and so was able to avoid false differences that were really caused by the fact that some women work fewer hours per years."
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Social Assistance and the Determinants of Health, 2007.
An analysis of the determinants of health among those receiving social assistance in Ontario.
724 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Ontarians who are receiving social assistance. It looks at the resources that people need to deal with their environment, as well as to fulfill personal aspirations, and discusses the wide variety of health differences which have their source in advantaged or disadvantaged environments. The paper also discusses the significant gap between the rich and poor in Ontario.
From the Paper
"Based on the materialist explanation for the income and health relationship, individuals have different material advantages or disadvantages that will accumulate over the life span (Raphael, 2004). People born into poverty cannot have the advantages of a good education leading to a desirable income. The neo-materialist explanation for the health and income relationship is that living conditions produce an impact that influences people's health. Furthermore, there are certain societal factors which determine the quality of the social determinants of health. The government decides how the society's resources will be distributed; how the decision is made will create an impact on the quality of social determinants of health (Raphael, 2004). People who receive social assistance have no choice but to live in conditions that are harmful to health."
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International Terrorism, 2007.
This paper looks at the concept and acts of terrorism and at terrorist organizations.
2,188 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer discusses terrorism and terrorist groups. Firstly the writer discusses the definition of terrorism. Next, the rationale that many groups use to explain their actions is examined in the context of how the various groups are perceived. Terrorist groups are seen as flat organizational structures that depend on knowledge silos and highly autonomous cells to function effectively. Moreover, terrorism is seen as at least a partial clash of civilizations and cultures with some historical implications. The writer concludes that terrorism is growing in appeal for various groups as a way to further their objectives.
Outline:
Abstract
Terrorism--what is it?
Rationalization
Structure & Organization
Cultural Implications
Historical & Contemporary Factors
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The concern is that while the US does not want terrorism and terrorist to be defined as militaries in the formal sense, it does want the latitude to treat terrorist individuals within such a context."
"The most accurate definition of terrorism seems to be the first definition introduced. However, even that working definition may be somewhat constrained because it includes the qualifying statement that terrorism is politically motivated. This may indeed be prevalent but it is not necessarily a requirement for terrorism to take place because many groups may have not political agenda but a religious agenda, cultural agenda, or some other contextual agenda sans any political intent."
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Legalizing Same-Sex Marriage, 2007.
A review of the arguments in favor of legalizing same-sex marriages in the United States.
1,553 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the argument for and against legalizing same-sex marriages in the United States. It compares the situation in the US with that in Canada with regard to government policy on same-sex marriages. The paper argues that same-sex marriage should be legalized in the whole of the US. Its primary argument is that failure to do so would be contrary to many of the most fundamental rights of many American citizens and will also serve to perpetuate prejudice against same-sex couples.
From the Paper
"Perhaps the most important argument in favour of legalizing same-sex marriage is the simple fact that by not doing so, we harm innocent children. This is because many same-sex couples have children. The 2000 US Census revealed that nationwide some 34% of female same-sex households, and some 22% of male same-sex households, have children. These rates do not lag far behind the national rate for married opposite-sex couples, which is 45.6%, or the national rate for unmarried opposite-sex couples, which is 43.1 percent. From this, we can deduce that there are at least 400,000 children who are currently being raised by same-sex couples nationwide - and this number continues to grow rapidly. (Weiser) These children may come from previous heterosexual relationships, or from adoption, or same-sex couples may choose to have children through one route or another. The point is that these are innocent children who must not be punished for the sexual orientation of their parents, or because of society's prejudices against same-sex couples. These children deserve to have the legal and emotional security of having parents who are married to one another, just as much as the children of heterosexual couples deserve this. Therefore, same-sex marriage should be legalized to protect these children."
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