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Ethics and the Justice Department, 2008.
This paper looks at the issue of ethics and the justice department,
noting that justice and ethics are often experienced as vastly different concepts.
2,418 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a case study to illustrate how justice and ethics in the US are often experienced as vastly different concepts, depending upon an individual's perception of a particular situation. The paper describes a case study revolving around a Muslim man who wanted to travel by airplane from Los Angeles to Florida on 31 July, 2004. The paper contends that this case study demonstrates that a lack of adherence to commonly accepted ethical conduct as perceived by the public leads to general disrespect by the public, as well as an outcry for justice, particularly if a specific group of people has been disadvantaged by the unethical action.
Outline:
Introduction
Case Study: Achmed Radu
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Problematic ethical issues within the Department of Justice have increased exponentially since the 9/11 attacks. Constitutional issues such as freedom of the press, and human rights issues such as freedom of religion have particularly come under the spotlight. After 9/11, the Department of Justice has begun to take increasingly extreme measures to limit the freedom of American citizens in the name of protection and security. One of the basic rights that have continually been invaded is client/attorney privileges for detainees. In addition, citizens of Arab or Middle Eastern origin and those adhering to the Muslim faith have been targeted for surveillance, while some have even been detained indefinitely without an explanation of the reasons or the detainee's rights."
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The Terrorist Threat, 2008.
This paper discusses the threat of terrorism and its impact for the United States.
3,622 words (approx. 14.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the likelihood of terrorist organizations using weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) or chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) weapons. The paper then considers the potential impacts of these weapons and their value for a terrorist organization. Next, the paper looks at the current intelligence system and its strengths and weaknesses for dealing with terrorism and identifies the most notable threats of terrorism facing the United States. The paper also discusses the targets that could be used by terrorist organizations to achieve the maximum effect and then outlines how intelligence systems can adapt to today's networked forms of terrorist organizations.
From the Paper
"Scholars examining the scope and breadth of chemical weapons define these devices as "weapons using the toxic properties of chemical substances rather than their explosive properties to produce physical or physiological effects on an enemy" ("Weapons of"). Although these types of weapons have been used by both the US government and terrorist groups, research demonstrates that in order to produce mass causalities from chemical weapons, terrorists would need a significant amount of chemical agent. In addition, in order to effectively release the chemicals, the terrorists would need to consider how to prevent exposure to themselves. Because of the amounts needed to produce significant causalities and the potential impact of the chemicals on the terrorist, it is unlikely that this weapon would be used by a terrorist group ("Weapons of...")."
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'Breathless' and Technique, 2008.
This paper examines the movie "Breathless" directed by Jean-Luc Godard and looks at its message for society and the film technique used.
1,083 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer introduces and analyzes the film "Breathless" directed by Jean-Luc Godard. Specifically, the writer discusses a distinctive formal device from the film and details how that device is related to questions of state and government. The writer maintains that this film is really much more than the story of a petty thief who never seems to amount to anything. It is really a commentary on society and government of the time, from the rather inept investigators to the casual way society deals with death in the film. The writer notes that many film critics and experts believe Godard invented the jump cut technique with this film, and uses it quite effectively to question the state and government of the time. The writer concludes that Godard seems to be saying that if you flaunt society and its rules for long enough, it will come back to haunt you in the end.
From the Paper
"This could be a commentary about society at the time, as well. Society at the turn of the 1950s was becoming more open, looser, and it seems more unconcerned with rules and regulations. Children of the baby boomer generation (like the young girl Patricia played by Jean Seberg in the film), were rebelling against their parents and their uptight morals, and these two characters epitomize that rebellion. Michel is the ultimate rebel, who goes against society and yet wants to be accepted in society, and attempts to appear affluent by stealing and cheating others. He is ruthless and cunning, quite the opposite of the innocent Patricia, and this pits the two sides of society against each other in the film. It is clear that Patricia is basically honest, which Michel clearly is not. They make an incongruous couple, and that is another element of the film that Godard uses to criticize society. The jump cuts throughout the film also signify the great gap between the two characters, and how they will never really come together in a meaningful way; they are too far opposed from each other."
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Fighting Global Poverty, 2008.
A discussion on third world poverty and our role in improving the lives of billions of people.
1,707 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
The paper reveals startling statistics on global poverty and asserts that fighting poverty must be a global effort by both the "have" nations who can afford their support and the "have not" nations who have to work on their own internal problems. The paper discusses how organized programs and actions that provide an impetus for improved education, self-sufficiency and empowerment can help the world's impoverished nations become richer. The paper maintains that regardless of what approach individuals support for attempting to eradicate poverty, they must become involved and take a stand.
From the Paper
"The third-world comprises about 50 nations and one billion people. India and China have both experienced growth through increased globalization. However, the remaining countries remain unchanged. From 1960 to 2000, the new third world experienced no growth at all. In the meantime, the economies of the developing world are enjoying continually faster growth from one decade to the next. The bottom billion are falling further and further away from the rest of mankind. "Globalization must not leave the bottom billion behind," states the head of the World Bank, Robert Zoellick, yet it already has (Collier, 2007, B03)."
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Obedience to the Law, 2008.
A look at how Socrates, Martin Luther King and Malcom X address the issue of obedience to the law.
1,132 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the different attitudes taken by Socrates, Martin Luther King Jr., and Malcolm X regarding the state itself and the laws it creates. It discusses how Socrates does not question the rightfulness of the system because he had chosen to abide by those laws when deciding to live in Athens. In comparison, the paper then looks at how Martin Luther King Jr. does consider the laws of the sytem to be a source of injustice, but he promotes a peaceful and non direct disobedience. The paper also examines how the most radical position is that of Malcolm X who rejects the laws as being the expression of white supremacy, infringing the emancipation of the black community, and therefore advocates a radical and even violent action against the system.
From the Paper
"Socrates' views on the obedience to the law were shaped largely by the context his trial and his sentence to death had created. His main idea is that obedience must be exercised in relation to the one entity that can differentiate between right and wrong, and not to the majority which could in any instance decide his future. In this sense, he argues in his dialogue with Crito that "we should not think so much of what the majority will say about us, but what he will say who understands justice and injustice, the one, that is, and the truth itself." This argument came as he tried to counter Crito's desire to help him escape the prison the Athenian state had placed him in awaiting his death. "
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Intervention in Kosovo, 2008.
This paper discusses the issue of intervention in Kosov and focuses on U.S. and NATO involvement.
4,400 words (approx. 17.6 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 115.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the sources of the conflict in Kosovo and the efforts taken by the international community, specifically the United States and NATO, to stem the violence. Furthermore, this work addresses changes that could have been undertaken or what might have been done differently and what steps could be taken in the present or in the future to improve the country and its stability. The writer concludes that while agreements have been apparently reached between the Serb and ethnic-Albanians who both desire to remain in the region, even if it means compromise on each side, it is yet to be seen whether peace in the Kosovo region will result from NATO and U.S. involvement in Kosovo.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Report of Secretary of State Albright
Seven Weeks into U.S./NATO Intervention
Startling Serbs to the Reality of Violence with Bombs
Kosovo Talks Enter Final Phase
Both Albanians and Serbs Desire to Remain in Kosovo
Debate on Possibility of 'Setting Precedent'
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Kosovo is a province of Serbia and is the central area of the old Yugoslavia in which 90% of those in the region are Albanian in their origin with the remainder being Serbs. Under the former government, that of the old Yugoslavia this region was characterized by a great deal of autonomy. However, this autonomy was taken away by President Slobodan Milosevic in 1989 who was seeking what he called a 'Greater Serbia' seeking to secure it through a nationalist campaign. The Kosovo region was the site of a historic and emotionally charged defeat by the Ottoman Empire in 1389 and therefore has great significance to Serbian nationalists residing in the Kosovo region. Upon this region, losing its autonomy at the hands of Milosevic a conflict ensued due to the ethnic-Albanian people striving to have their cultural rights restored. The Kosovo Liberation Army, also known as the KLA drove the conflict toward the radical edge through entering violent conflicts with arms and their demand of full independence while simultaneously the Serbs were fiercely determined to keep the province. The United States and NATO entered the situation when hundreds of thousands of ethnic-Albanians were forced from their homes in what was destined to be a humanitarian disaster resulting in refugees strewn across an entire continent."
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Why Ratify the Constitution?, 2008.
This paper looks at James Madison's beliefs regarding ratification of the US Constitution and studies "The Federalist Papers: No. 10" .
871 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses why James Madison thought it necessary to ratify the US Constitution. The writer notes that, for Madison, one of the primary reasons for Americans to ratify the Constitution was because it provided for a republican form of government. The writer explains that Madison believed that the republican form of government was better suited to control the impact of factions on the political process than a straight democracy. This was due to the fact that in an open political environment, the development of various factions was inevitable. The writer also explains that to develop a democracy that ensured the rights of the people, regardless of their individual beliefs, one had to do more than to put political power in the hands of the majority. On the contrary, one had to develop a means to give all men a voice in the government and protect all rights. The writer discusses that according to Madison, the means to do so was the republican form of government.
From the Paper
"That factions were a problem at the time the Constitution was drafted should not be surprising; although united in their goal to throw off the yoke of English oppression, the several colonies had enjoyed different types of governments, had different goals, and held different values. Therefore, a legitimate fear of these early Americans was that any national government would compromise the rights of the individual states.
"While Madison acknowledged that one might attempt to prevent the development of factions, he understood that doing so threatened the liberty of all men. "
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Communitarianism, 2008.
An examination of the philosophy of communitarianism and Lenin's specific approach to communitarianism.
1,662 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discsses the communitarian vision of the way that a society should be run and describes the philosophy and beliefs of communitarianism. The paper then looks at Lenin's communitarianism and how it related to his Marxist beliefs. The paper also looks at symbolic interactionism as a theory of the individual and relates this to Lenin's views of communitarianism.
From the Paper
"Symbolic interactionism is a theory of the individual while functionalism is a theory of structure. Efforts have been made to create some middle theory that brings the two together. Giddens is one who has proposed such a theory, one he calls Duality of Structure and which involves both structure and individual agency. When we ask about the structure of social practices, we are seeking to explain how structures are constituted through actions and how actions are constituted structurally at the same time. Giddens suggests that the global dimension of thought and action so prominent in the modern world capitalist system ought to shape theoretical discourse in profound ways.
"He notes the dimensions of modernity as we enter the period of post-modernity, and he finds that sociology will more and more shed the residue of nineteenth- and early twentieth-century thought as we move into this post-modern phase."
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The Atomic Bomb and Terrorism, 2008.
An argument that the United States' use of the atomic bomb on Japan was essentially an act of terrorism.
1,504 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the short and long range effectiveness of the United States' use of nuclear bombs against Japan. The paper relates that the United States defines terrorism as an act of violence against civilians with the intent to change political, military, social, economic or other policy of a government or people. The paper then argues that the United States' drop of the bombs on Japan fits this description of terrorism.
From the Paper
"The use of atomic weapons has never been a clearly defined choice for any nation. Nuclear power yields destruction on a level that is virtually incomprehensible. Two single war-head nuclear bombs were dropped on two cities in Japan and those two cities were leveled. The Japanese had no choice but to completely and utterly surrender to the United States. Those two bombs ended a war. But, at what cost? The truth is that, on some level, the choice to bomb Japan and not Berlin was based upon a virulent racism that coursed through the veins of the United States."
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Refugees and Migrants, 2008.
An examination of the differences between refugees and migrants and how they the United Nations relates to them.
983 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the differences between refugees and migrants and looks at why these distinctions are important for political reasons. Specifically, the paper discusses trends of migrant and refugee movements over time. The paper also looks at the ways that migrants and refugees are referred to within the United Nations and the laws that relate to these two groups.
From the Paper
"It is important thus to create a set of clear procedures and screening process that would allow genuine asylum seekers to get refuge. For this reason, a distinction is sought between migrant and refugee. In quite poignant manner, the Convention states that a migrant is someone who may lose better quality of life if he is turned down, a refugee is someone who might lose his life altogether. The Convention and other UNHR handbooks offer clear guidelines on the issue of distinction between migrants and refugees. One handbook revised in 2007 makes the distinction between a migrant and a refugee in these words: "A migrant is a person who, for reasons other than those contained in the definition, voluntarily leaves his country in order to take up residence elsewhere. He may be moved by the desire for change or adventure, or by family or other reasons of a personal nature. If he is motivated exclusively by economic considerations, he is an economic migrant and not a refugee. The distinction between an economic migrant and a refugee is, however, sometimes blurred in the same way as the distinction between economic and political measures in an applicant's country of origin is not always clear.""
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Is the United States an Empire?, 2008.
An argument that the United States is changing from a republic into an empire.
2,095 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper examines whether the United States could be considered an hegemonic power or even an empire. It discusses the effect of the United States on the world and suggests that a world without strong U.S. leadership would be less peaceful, less stable, and less prosperous. The paper then argues that the United States in the present is one that is hurling the republic toward becoming an empire.
Table of Contents:
Statement of Thesis
The American Empire
A Momentous Departure from Previous US Policy
Elements of an Empire Defined
Realism and Restraint
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"This appears to be what has happened in relation to the United States involvement in the war in Iraq, as every American is able to see that removal of U.S. troops is the preferable choice, and yet due to pathway dependence this is not likely to occur. Additionally, with war drums now reverberating from the country of Iran who insists that it is gaining nuclear abilities the expansion of the empire of the United States will likely be forced, due to pathway dependency to march forward into yet another war with the country of Iran, unless Iran bows to the will of the United States. The better-chosen path for the Untied States in the situation with Iraq would certainly have been based upon the realism policy of containment however, it does appear to be far too late to make that reversal."
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U.S. Policy Actions for Iraq, 2008.
A look at the different foreign policy options the US has to achieve its objective of maintaining political and military stability in Iraq.
1,317 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the different foreign policy options available to the US that will help it bring political and military stability in Iraq. The paper relates that the US options at this time fall under two main categories, but each with numerous ramifications and implications of their own. The US can either leave the country or remain, at the same time maintaining or increasing the number of troops present in Iraq. The paper then discusses the advantages and disadvantages of both options as well as why they are so complicated. The paper concludes that all of the options discussed have significant disadvantages, notably more disadvantages than advantages, and that, at this time, there is no clear optimal solution that can be implemented in Iraq.
From the Paper
"On the other hand, leaving Iraq would send a dangerous message for future pacifying interventions like the one in Iraq was initially thought out to be: battle the invading forces, as hard as you can, and they will eventually accept defeat and leave. It would give out a message to the world, including to the US partners, that the Iraqi invasion was wrong in the first place and that the last four years have virtually meant nothing and have brought nothing along except a long list of casualties. Leaving Iraq poses a significant question of creditability on the part of the US in front of the entire world. "
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Henry Laurens, 2008.
A review of the life story of Henry Laurens and the part he played in American history.
1,846 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
The paper introduces and analyzes the biography of Henry Laurens, the President of the Continental Congress. Specifically, the paper contains a biography of Henry Laurens, the President of the Continental Congress. The paper notes that Henry Laurens was an American patriot and revolutionary hero who was the President of the Second Continental Congress from November 1, 1777 through December 9, 1778. The paper describes Laurens' part played in American history and points out that he was imprisoned by the English for treason, helped form a new nation, fought in the militia, and lost his oldest son in battle during the Revolutionary War.
Outline:
Capture By the British
Lauren and Slavery
Laurens Children
Mepkin Abbey
From the Paper
"His grandparents were French Huguenots who had immigrated to America for religious freedom. His family did well in the New World. Originally, they settled in New York, but his parents moved to Charleston before he was born, and his father was a very successful saddler and merchant. Henry clerked for local businesses from the time he was sixteen, and when he was twenty, he left America for England, where he would learn to be a merchant. He returned three years later, just a few days after his father died and he inherited his estate, and began a long career as a merchant. He prospered in Charleston, mainly trading in rice and slaves, along with planting rice, and became quite wealthy. He also engaged in importing and exporting items, and he had a store in Charleston, as well."
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'Josephine: A Life of the Empress', 2008.
This paper discusses the work 'Josephine: A Life of the Empress' by Carolly Erickson.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer introduces and analyzes the book "Josephine: A Life of the Empress" by Carolly Erickson. Specifically, the paper contains a review and summary of the book. The writer explains that "Josephine" covers the life of de Beauharnais Bonaparte, the Empress of France and wife of Napoleon. She was born Yeyette Tascher in Martinique, and she grew to be one of the most well-known and powerful women on earth. The writer notes that it was not an easy journey, which is one of the things that makes this central character so important and so interesting. How she came to be Empress is almost a fairy tale story, but her fall from grace makes it more of a melodrama and tragic tale of woe. The writer maintains that the author handles both quite well, for the most part.
From the Paper
"Josephine was Empress, but Napoleon never trusted her or loved her completely again. She gave up her lover, but he was still bitter, and he often treated her with cruelty or patronization. He took mistresses, treated her harshly, and criticized her for aging after she turned forty. As Napoleon gained more power, he became more ambitious, more dictatorial, and crueler, certainly to his wife.
"Josephine discovered him with another woman, and he became so furious he struck her and threatened to ban her from his homes. He actually told her that when she was no longer politically suitable for him, he would abandon her, and because she had nowhere else to go, now that she had abandoned her lovers, she stayed on. It was a low point in her life, and in their relationship."
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Abscam, 2008.
An overview of the FBI Abscam investigation with a focus on Congressman John Murtha's involvement.
2,341 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, from 1978-1980, the Federal Bureau of Investigations conducted a sting operation known as Abscam, which resulted in the criminal convictions of politicians in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, as well as a Senator and six members of the House. The paper contends that Abscam was one of the ugliest chapters in modern political history, destroying the careers and reputations of political figures at the local, state and federal levels. In particular, the paper looks at how one political figure who managed to emerge from the scandal relatively unscathed is John Murtha, who is now one of the longest-serving members of Congress. The paper also discusses how historians, political scientists, social commentators and criminologists have long debated whether Murtha should have been more aggressively pursued by the House and by the federal Justice Department.
Outline:
Murtha's Role in Abscam
House Ethics
Criminal Laws Broken?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"From Murtha's perspective, he was exonerated. He has long declared his innocence, rightly pointing out that he never accepted a bribe during the meeting (Hannity and Colmes, 2006). Washington Post reporter Jack Anderson, who covered Abscam for the paper, offers a back-handed defense of Murtha, saying he played "perhaps the saddest scene on the secret Abscam videotapes. ... He refused to take the money, but his reason was hardly noble (Murtha: 'I expect,' 2006)." Indeed, one could argue that Murtha's reasons did not have to be noble. In the end, he did not take a bribe and arguably did not deserve to be as aggressively prosecuted as his colleagues, who accepted money."
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