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The Development of Liberalism, 2008.
This paper discusses the development of liberalism as a political philosophy.
1,425 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that liberalism emerged as a political philosophy during the Enlightenment era in Europe and was espoused by political philosophers such as John Locke. The paper defines liberalism as a political ideology based upon representative government and individual rights. The paper explains that it emphasizes strong support for a broad interpretation of civil liberties, for freedom of expression, religious toleration, the separation of church and state and for widespread popular participation in the political process. The paper reveals that for three hundred years liberalism has attempted to establish itself as a transcendent political philosophy in opposition to autocratic and totalitarian political ideologies. The paper concludes that it may ultimately fall to the very ideology it replaced; autocratic theocracy.
From the Paper
"Understanding liberalism is important because it has been a prevailing political philosophy in the Western world for more than two centuries. It is also important to emphasize that, "liberalism is not one simple, undifferentiated doctrine. As with other doctrines or ideologies, there are varieties of liberalism." (Sally) For example, "all liberals agree on the primacy of individual freedom and individual choice, which distinguishes liberalism from socialism and nationalism. But some liberals argue in favor of these core values by means of highly abstract reasoning." (Sally)"
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Immigration Policy and Canadian Nation-Building, 2008.
This paper discusses the immigration policy in Canada as it relates to Canadian nation-building.
1,420 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This essay critically examines the issue of immigration and Canadian nation-building within a sociological perspective. A particular focus of the paper is on the contradiction between the ideal of immigration, as reflected in the changes to immigration policy in the 1960s and the introduction of official multiculturalism in the 1970s, and the realities of immigration in regard to its being embedded in the social class and power distribution structures of Canada. In this context, the paper argues that in our capitalist society immigration policy has primarily served the interests of capital in the form of labor force reproduction. This being said, it is then argued that the existence of a multicultural and multiracial society represents a clear challenge to the existing power distribution in Canadian society; a challenge that has been met by policies such as official multiculturalism which are instruments by which the capitalist state seeks to control and channel dissent and thereby ensure the perpetuation of the Canadian status quo.
From the Paper
"Thus, the labour force of Canada was not biologically reproducing itself on a generational basis by the later decades of the twentieth century. In order to meet this shortfall, the Government of Canada resorted to immigration to supply a labour force to meet the demands of the Canadian economy. These demands are complex, for the Labour Force Reproduction model indicates that the economy needs a labour supply not only in terms of production but also to consume the goods produced. As a result, in the years in which the Canadian fertility rates were declining (after 1956) the Canadian immigration levels were increasing. From 1954 to 1992 Canada accepted 5.7 million immigrants. These immigrants fulfilled a wide number of economic roles in Canadian society, from contributing as business class immigrants and supplying entrepreneurial investment funds, to those who work in the commercial and corporate sectors. In addition, we must not forget the significant numbers of immigrants who worked as unpaid labour - often women - and so subsidized the paid labour force in Canada."
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Canadian Business and Labor History, 2008.
This paper analyzes the book "Auto Pact: Creating a Borderless North American Auto Industry" by Anastakis, Dimitry and looks at the history of Canadian business and labor.
2,300 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
The writer of this article discusses that in the book "Auto Pact: Creating a Borderless North American Auto Industry" the author argues that the Automotive Products Trade Agreement (APTA, the "auto pact") signed between Canada and the United States in January, 1965 was really made possible not only by negotiations between the governments but, more importantly, by the intervention of the big three automotive companies, GM, Chrysler, and Ford. The writer maintains that what makes his main argument convincing is that he situates the context of the idea of APTA within the polar opposites that characterized that era in both countries: protectionism versus free trade, nationalism versus continentalism. The writer points out that Anastakis also cites the significant differences in the role of the State in industry between the United States and Canada.
From the Paper
"This is a good example where the author doesn't shy away from citing facts or events that are contrary to his thesis; in fact, this instance supports it because it reveals the lack of perception on the part of the Canadian government (at least) to consider the problem in a larger context with perhaps a different solution. Although government interference is countenanced in Canada (and currently welcomed by the resurgent auto industry), it is anathema in the United States. This was precisely the area in which the confrontation between the two nations would come, and it would be out of this impasse that the idea of APTA was born by a chance suggestion between adversaries."
"Another excellent feature of the author's argument is his ability to highlight the main issues within the details of chronicling the political and economic events."
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Economics and Border Security, 2008.
This paper explores border security and its economic and safety implications.
1,648 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how border security has been an issue for many countries for some time, from a security and economic perspective. The paper discusses the ramifications of border control for the country being invaded and for the country losing the people. The paper looks at the opening of borders to trade and the U.S., Canada and Mexico's NAFTA agreement that has become for many the symbol of globalization.
From the Paper
"The prevailing attitudes toward immigration and border security were seen as being in conflict with aspects of American economic policy in the era of increased globalization. Critics often see globalization as something that happens to other parts of the world while the governing elites in America benefit. Those who see America as harmed in any way usually do so in terms of American workers thrown out of work because of factories moving to Mexico or China. There are other ways in which Americans are affected by globalization, however, among them when "formerly tightly knit neighborhoods absorb new waves of immigration and the job market changes, to a certain degree prompted by plant closings in favor of cheap labor overseas" (Mittelman, 2002, p. 5)."
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"The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11", 2008.
A critical book review of Lawrence Wright's "The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11."
2,595 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Lawrence Wright's "The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11 "contains a wealth of information and gives some real insight into just what on earth caused the horrifying terrorist attack of 9/11. The paper looks at how the book includes key themes such as the origins of the extremist Islamist ideology that would fuel Al-Qaeda, and the way it was fanned into extremism by the horrors of torture in Egyptian jails in the 1980s. The paper also examines how the book describes how it was possible for American intelligence to fail so utterly to foresee or prevent the disaster.
From the Paper
"Wright traces the origins of Al-Qaeda all the way back to Egypt, beginning in 1948 in Alexandria with Sayyid Qutb, foreign student in the USA - who would later write some of the books that would inspire and inflame those Muslim radicals who were turning to Takfir (the mirror image of Islam, which purports to be orthodox, while at the same time encouraging murder). Geographically his extensive background spans universities in Egypt, building construction sites in Saudi Arabia, the war in Afghanistan, the rise of the Taliban, the setting up of radical Muslim cells in Pakistan - not to mention Qutb's happy days in Greeley, Colorado."
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Shortage of Nurses, 2008.
This paper discusses the possible hiring of foreign nurses to help with the shortage of nurses in the US.
828 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the problem of shortages of nurses in the US continues to grow. One solution to the problem is enticing students to choose the career of nursing. The writer notes that another solution for the United States is to hire foreign nurses to come to the United States. The writer maintains that many nurses living in Africa and other undeveloped nations are willing to migrate to the United States in order to receive higher wages and better benefits. The writer acknowledges that the problem with this solution is that it leaves a shortage of nurses in undeveloped countries where health care is needed. Yet, the writer argues that this may be the best solution for the United States.
From the Paper
"These two statistics show the need for the United States to find solutions to the nursing shortage. Solutions to end the shortage of nurses must be found before 2020 when many employees are no longer able to work and more nurses are needed to care for the elderly. One solution to the shortage is hiring nurses from other countries."
"The shortage of nurses continues to be a serious problem. The shortage of nurses is not only in the United States, but also in many other countries. The growing shortage is contributed to by having more employees becoming retired or unable to work due to age."
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Immigrants in Toronto, 2008.
This paper provides a report on immigrants in Toronto and discusses the suburbanization of immigration.
1,191 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer provides a comparison and contrast of two distinct Toronto electoral districts; one in the downtown core that has served as a traditional immigration reception area, and one in the suburbs. The writer points out that their social compositions is important for what it reveals the changing ethnic demographics of Canadian society. The writer looks at how these changes are shaping the urban landscape of the major cities. This essay argues that a comparative analysis of these two districts reveals the suburbanization of immigration in Canada, as now established immigrants seek to migrate internally within the city from the downtown to the suburbs. The writer maintains that this intra-migration is complemented by direct settlement of new immigrants from abroad into Toronto's suburbs, effectively bypassing neighbourhoods such as the famous Kensington Market that were defined by successive waves of immigration for much of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Outline:
Introduction
Social Composition: A Comparative Analysis of the Numbers
Ethnic Groups and Visible Minorities in the Landscape
Commentary
From the Paper
"Thus, it may be argued that many of the visible signs of immigrant presence in this area are remnants of past settlement, and that the former immigrant settlers in this district have moved elsewhere in Toronto. Indeed, the fact that the Italian population in York West is more than double that of "Little Italy" suggests that many former Italian immigrants and/or their children may have moved from the downtown to the suburbs. In contrast to "Little Italy" which seems to be a "shell" of its former self, the Chinatown neighbourhood of Trinity-Spadina reveals how dominant this one ethnic group is in the visible landscape of the district; a visual dominance that reflects its 52.2 percent of the district's visible minority population."
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Constitutionality of Same-Sex Marriage, 2008.
This paper discusses whether the denial of same sex-marriage is unconstitutional.
820 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer examines the constitutionality of bans on same-sex marriage. The writer reports on the analytic framework at issue in a case litigating constitutionality of an issue of this nature, and reports on decisions in recent cases from courts in Vermont, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, and California. The writer concludes that there have been differing interpretations on this issue, but the majority of courts have ruled that there is no fundamental right to same-sex marriage, so that the ban on same-sex marriage is not unconstitutional.
From the Paper
"On the other hand, if the right does not affect a fundamental right, and is based on a non-suspect classification, it will be upheld so long as it reflects a "rational classification." Fundamental rights include those in the bill of rights. Suspect class is generally limited to race."
"Thus: is the right to marry a same-sex partner fundamental? The Supreme Court, in Loving v. Virginia, 388 U.S. 1 (1967), called marriage a fundamental right -- for a heterosexual couple.
"State courts to date have reached different conclusions. Massachusetts ruled marriage is a fundamental right, upholding same-sex marriage under the state constitution in Goodridge v. Department of Public Health (2003). (Grossman; Burge) In that case, a trial court ruled that the purpose of marriage was procreation."
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Constitutional Violation in Law Enforcement, 2008.
This paper discuses the 4th, 5th, and 6th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution in relationship to law enforcement.
1,745 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the difference between Constitutional prohibitions and the rights of the citizens. The author points out that all rights belong to the individual, and are delegated to the government by the citizens. The paper relates that the Bill of Rights is not a list of the rights of the citizens but rather prohibitions against the government from taking specific rights away from them. The author states that the 4th Amendment contains restrictions in the use of searches and seizures by law enforcement; the most common violation of this amendment is searching individuals without having a search warrant. The paper tells that a part of the 5th Amendment prohibits self-incrimination as discussed in the case of "Spano v. New York'". The author underscores that the 6th Amendment provides the right to counsel, which is the core argument in the case of "United States v. Wade".
From the Paper
"The victim left the bar, and suspect walked back to his apartment and got his gun. It was then that the suspect went to a local candy store where the victim was known to frequent, that he shot the victim five times. The only witness was a young boy. A week later a grand jury issued a warrant to arrest Spano for the murder of the victim. Two days later Spano surrender himself to the police, and was accompanied by his attorney. The attorney instructed Spano not to answer any of the questions outside his presence. It is after Spano's attorney left when the case takes on the typical television police drama plot."
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Commodity Fetishism, 2008.
A discussion of the significance and implications of commodity fetishism in terms of capitalism and democracy.
1,685 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper examines commodity fetishism, a central tenet in Marxist theory, as well as crucial cornerstone in globalization. The paper claims that despite this central importance to Marxist theory, commodity fetishism is too often overlooked or misinterpreted by social and economic theorists who employ (or criticize) Marxist theoretical approaches. As such, there has been a general lack of understanding regarding how commodity fetishism influences the development and manifestation of advanced, or late, capitalist societies. The paper aims to unveil the meaning and significance of commodity fetishism, particularly in order to reveal what this concept can tell us about human relations under capitalism, freedom, ideology, equality, and democratic ideals. In the end, the paper concludes that commodity fetishism only demands that all social relations be conducted through the marketplace and through the medium of commodity exchange, but has no interest in liberty or democracy beyond this point, a realization that should give pause to claims that capitalism is the harbinger of democracy.
From the Paper
"In this way, commodity fetishism is more than just an ideological category that is a part of capitalism--instead, it is inseparably linked to capitalism, being a component without which capitalism cannot function (Wenning par. 11). Commodity fetishism dictates that social relations will be defined in terms of the values placed on commodities, making the commodities a crucial part of all social relations in a capitalist society. Commodity fetishism occurs because under capitalism the medium of exchange of the whole of individuals' material lives is the commodity. One trades his or her labor--a kind of commodity--for currency--another kind--which is then exchanged for other commodities no longer produced by the individual or even the community. In these instances, it is only commodities that shift hands as they are exchanged according to the value that is placed in them by, what Marx deems, a fetishizing impulse. The value of commodities is, to a large degree, utterly arbitrary. A tiny diamond is worth far more than a loaf of bread, even though the latter is much more valuable and necessary in a practical sense in the day-to-day life of an individual. Capitalism fetishizes commodities and imbues them with values completely out of proportion to their function or usefulness to individuals or communities."
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U.S. Government in a Hobbesian Perspective, 2008.
A comparison between Hobbes' theories and the structure of the US Government.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the ideas of political philosopher Thomas Hobbes with the structure of the US Government. It looks at the topic from three different angles in the following logical order: Hobbes's view of human nature, desire and competition for power, and checks and balances or separation of powers (although Hobbes himself made no room for this last category in his philosophy). The paper concludes that the principle of Hobbes which probably would find favor with the founders of the Constitution was his version of the golden rule, "Do not that to another, which thou wouldst not have done to thyself." This is a rule based on mutual self-interest, and does not depend on one particular form of government for its effectiveness.
Table of Contents:
Hobbes' View of Human Nature
Desire and Competition for Power
Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances
From the Paper
"In this area, Hobbes' ideal probably comes closest to that of the founding documents of the United States, in which the "pursuit of happiness" is considered a basic goal of citizens, and to make those goals possible requires the creation of an orderly government. However, the nature of this created government is very different in Hobbes' ideal than in that of the United States. For Hobbes, the government which was formed by mutual agreement among the people of a given area (again, only motivated by self-interest against the natural state of competition) would have to be one of absolute sovereignty, i.e. a "Leviathan" or overwhelming force, which he believed necessary to counter all of the other individual forces that would otherwise pull it apart. Then, the natural competition for power among individuals would be forcefully limited by a greater power."
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A Government of Limited Powers, 2008.
This paper discusses Thomas Hobbes' view of government and human nature.
757 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper explores Thomas Hobbes' views of natural human nature as it applies to the framework of the United States government. The paper discusses how Hobbes believed that all men are created equal, but the desire for power will inevitably lead to those that are stronger gaining power. The paper relates that the founding fathers of the Constitution recognized this fact and established a divided government with three coequal branches that had checks and balances over the powers of the other.
From the Paper
"Thomas Hobbes believed that all men were basically created equal; equal in talent, equal in abilities, and equal in power. However inevitably there would be those that are stronger than others, and they would seek to gain all of the power. Hobbes philosophized that the eventual salvation of society would lie in the large government, the body politic, the Leviathan. (Solomon, 2005 p.619) The government being the salvation of the common man is not a foreign idea, and one need not go any further than the evening news to see examples. Hobbes being a conservative monarchist felt that the supreme power lied in the divine right of the king to rule. (Thomas-Hobbes.com, 2004 n.p.)"
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Aviation Security, 2007.
This paper uses content analysis to examine the issue of aviation security following the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001.
2,165 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, using content analysis to test the hypothesis surrounding aviation security, two press releases from the Government Accountability Office website were examined for common terms and references to aviation security measures. The author points out that this methodology focused on how the communications referred to aviation security and how frequently mention was made of changes in specific responses to the September 11 attacks. The author relates that this analysis identified that aviation security was breached due to inherent flaws in the system. The paper states that content analysis revealed that the current decentralized system with different parties responsible for various elements of aviation security is not optimal. The author stresses that terrorism is seen as unethical and politically illegitimate because its political aim is to kill the innocent. The paper includes a table and a graph.
Table of Contents
Introduction: Scope of the Study and the Uses of Content Analysis
Weaknesses of the Aviation Security: Using Content Analysis to Identify Trends
Aviation Security Current Position and Challenges Ahead: Content Analysis as a Prediction Mechanism
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) lax security measures, that had individuals who did not undergo background checks accessing and breaching the security of the air traffic control computer systems. Dillingham also identified that the FAA did not assess and accredit the air traffic control computer systems, perform the appropriate risk assessments to ensure that the computer system that was central to the aviation system was protected, nor did the FAA establish and implement any comprehensive security program."
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Rae Yang's "The Spider Eaters - a Memoir", 2008.
A critical review of Rae Yang's book "The Spider Eaters - a Memoir".
1,050 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at Rae Yang's "The Spider Eaters - a Memoir", a book addressing the Cultural Revolution from the perspective of a person who was caught up in a frightening time in the early People's Republic of China (PRC).The paper considers the book a disturbing reflection on the youth of the Red Guard and the vicious sort of fascism created by Chairman Mao. It concludes that the book is well written and informative.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Maoism and Youth
Divisions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Yang writes in a way that is immediate and also indicating that her days in the Red Guard were far away, a dream somehow, and as much of the volume moves back and forth between the present and the past and with anecdotes to do with her childhood and family adding to a surreal and very personal explanation of a frightening time and different people's reactions to it. A chapter "A Strange Gift from the Pig Farm" refers to her habit of waking at 3 a.m. that remained after she was placed in the Manchurian countryside just as millions of other young people to finish high school were sent for menial labour away from the cities. She had had to waken at 3 a.m. to perform part of her assigned work and the habit remained, years later. (pp. 1-2) So much forgetting a disturbing time, or the person she had become, as 3 a.m. waking in America showed that some things could not be washed away. The inability to reconcile what Maoism preached, what happened, and came into view as very wrong with the CCP movement produced despair later and a wish to die which took time to overcome. Rae Yang embarked on graduate studies at the University of Massachusetts. She graduated from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in 1981 and in the U.S., completed her M.A. in 1985 and her Ph.D. in 1991, obtaining a post at Dickinson College where she specializes in pre-modern and modern Chinese literature."
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The Devolved Assemblies of Scotland and Whales, 2008.
A review of the history of nationalism and the devolution process in Scotland and Whales.
1,931 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the devolved assemblies of Scotland and Wales and at their relative achievements. It focuses on explaining why devolution has worked well for everyone and should even proceed further. The paper reviews nationalism and the precipitating historical factors which led to the devolution process in both lands. In the end, the paper argues that it is not at all a bad idea to continue the process - especially in Wales which (as of yet) still lacks the sweeping powers bequeathed to the Scottish assembly.
From the Paper
"Finally, besides the rather obvious fact that devolution in both Scotland and Wales gives "local" assemblies taxing powers of some significance, the devolutionary process also gives legislative bodies the tools they need to really affect meaningful change. In the case of Scotland, local executive councils, free of interference from Westminster, provide to the general public minutes, background notes, discussion papers and other items that are all part of an ongoing effort to connect the voting citizenry with the decision-makers. In effect, devolution in Scotland has filtered down from the national assembly to the local level, and that has been ultimately good for everyone, with progressive steps being taken in a number of areas ("Local Decision-Making and Public Scrutiny," 2007)."
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