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Giving Voice to the Oppressed of Society, 2008.
An analysis of the impact of poor social justice within a society, both to the individual and to the society as a whole.
1,616 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews five reasons why dispossessed and oppressed individuals should have a voice in society. Specifically, the paper looks at the social costs that attend failing to pay attention to the needs of these individuals and at the poor public policy that flows from ignoring the dispossessed. Finally, the paper explores the ethical and moral issues that come with overlooking the less-fortunate and considers the impact upon the reputation of a society if it fails to offer social justice in its own land while hectoring others abroad about their human rights record.
From the Paper
"At the level of the individual, the costs associated with not heeding the voices of the down-trodden can be very grim, indeed. For one thing, people who struggle with their sense of self and who lack a strong sense of self-empowerment are people who are much more susceptible to thoughts of suicide (Martin, 2006). At the same time, people who feel as though they cannot change their lives for the better - in no small measure because no one seems to care what they think - are people who are very much likely to fall prey to mental illness - such as depression (Laitinen et al, 2006). Thus, there are compelling reasons why, at the level of the individual, people need to be given a sense that they are not viewed as ciphers by others and that their needs will be accepted as genuine."
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NAFTA and Its Weaknesses, 2008.
A discussion of the weaknesses of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
1,685 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the positive and negative effects the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has had in Canada, the United States and Mexico. The paper asserts that NAFTA has taken on somewhat mythical proportions in the minds of its proponents and detractors alike. It holds that NAFTA has primarily struck a dissonant tone with the U.S. and Mexico, while Canada largely accepted its utility. To its detractors NAFTA offered a convenient scapegoat for all of the economic woes since its inception in January 1994, and to its proponents it has been responsible for most of the economic growth periods of the last 10 years. Yet, beyond all the hype, rhetoric, and ideology superficially imposed on it, NAFTA was a dynamic process that required monumental negotiation commitment on the part of the signatories and certainly on the part of Canada as the smallest market.
The paper concludes that, although NAFTA comes with its negative attributes, it has largely proven a boon to the Canadian economy and the country would be ill-advised to withdraw from the treaty.
Outline:
History & Description
NAFTA Weaknesses & Failure
Benefits & Cost Outcomes
Conclusion
From the Paper
"While NAFTA has been somewhat contentious since before its inception, the economic results of the agreement have proven largely inline with the positive projections associated with NAFTA by its designers and supporters. In fact, the increasing reliance on free-trade agreements which essentially become a 5th column in a country's foreign policy mechanism, NAFTA has become not just an economic success but a political template for further free-trade agreements across the globe. Some researchers have pointed out that NAFTA was ground-breaking both for its visionary approach to expanded trade relationships and for its unique integration into the signatory countries' sovereignty."
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Legal and Policy Issues in Education, 2008.
An examination of education policies and legal issues related to intelligent design and religion with schools in the United States.
1,395 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses education policies and legal issues surrounding education in the United States. It begins by providing a functional definition of education policy and the importance of education policies. The paper then looks at examples of how the educational policy can go too far. The paper specifically looks at how intelligent design and religion can cause legal issues in education.
Table of Contents:
Educational Policy: A Functional Definition
Legal Issues in Education: Intelligent Design and Religion
From the Paper
"Intelligent design will continue to be a significant legal challenge for educators in the coming years in the United States, but also in other Western nations. Intelligent design is the latest attempt by religious institutions to blur the line between church and state in public institutions by wrapping religion in the cloak of science. Educators who are tempted by the possibility of bridging this divide would do well to remember that their primary responsibility is to the students in their care. It will only do them harm to teach them that religion has the explanatory power to supplant science--it is the historical equivalent of erasing the last five hundred years of scientific progress in favor of medieval religious dogma. Educators should collectively take a stand against intelligent design and commit themselves to providing the most accurate education possible to their students."
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Financial Planning: City of Charlotte, 2008.
An analysis of the financial planning for Charlotte, North Carolina.
820 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the financial planning and related public policy for the city of Charlotte, North Carolina. It provides a general outline of the city's budget, including expenditures, projects, funds, revenues and future spending plans.
Outline:
Expenditures, Encumbrances and Expenses
Capital Project, General, and Proprietary Funds
Analysis of Budget
Main Revenue Sources
Budgetary Levels
Long-range and Short-range Spending Plans
Largest Appropriations
Public policy: Short-range and Long-range
From the Paper
"The main revenue sources for the city include taxes paid by business, taxes collected for property, licenses, transportation and tourism. Charlotte is one of the largest banking cities in the nation and is a central "hub" for many companies within the trucking industry. Additionally, Charlotte is home to three major professional sporting franchises and has a large manufacturing and construction base. Because Charlotte continues to grow significant with each passing year, the revenues from the growth associated with business are extensive. However, the growth of the city due to population also impacts the budget of the city and the funds that are required to operate many of the programs required to address the needs of the population."
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Poverty in the People's Republic of China, 2008.
An analysis of the implications of poverty in the People's Republic of China, particularly in urban areas.
4,089 words (approx. 16.4 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 110.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the poverty in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and its implications. The paper particularly focuses on urban poverty compared to rural poverty and the general feeling among the people in PRC regarding the two. It then looks at the political repercussions of the poverty in the PRC and the repression of dissent with regards to the poor.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Two Principal Opinions
Timeless, Ominous Signs
Urban Poverty
'Poverty Eradication' in the PRC
Political Repercussions of Poverty
Repression of Dissent and the Poor
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"Dissent is alive and well in the contemporary PRC, much done to break up public displays of dissent, in very old methods of deterrence rooted in policing, courts and the prison system, presented to the literate public as ensuring safety when, in fact, assuring regime safety. Chinese to benefit from liberalization are rarely inclined to question what is occurring in the countryside, content to see the urban poor kept at bay. Many might regard the situation differently, as observed by foreign journalists, certainly, if able to recognize the potential threat of millions alienated completely from the economically advanced society, some able to draw parallels between the present and centuries of other Chinese misrule to perpetuate such disparities. As the topic of Chinese poverty indicates, democratization is not likely, any day soon, in the People's Republic of China. Indeed, policies and approaches of the state have systematically pushed millions of citizens beyond the existing political system, far from the ideals of inclusion and participation that might suggest a possible shift towards democratic institutions."
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Homelessness: A Strategic Solution, 2008.
This paper looks at the problem of homelessness in Canada and discusses the issue of government policy in this regard.
1,278 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a proposal for a strategic solution to the problem of homelessness in Canadian society. This strategic solution builds upon earlier positive and normative analyses of the issue of homelessness and, as such, is informed by these analyses in certain respects. The paper asserts that homelessness in Canada is primarily the result of economic factors in the housing marketplace. As such, a strategic solution to this problem would necessarily require a social-economic approach rather than an institutional/authoritarian one as has been traditionally the case. The paper relates that an ethical analysis of this problem has shown that, from the perspective of a Kantian rights model, there exists a clear and present necessity for the Canadian state to take action in this regard; action in which the rights of the homeless necessarily takes precedence over the cost of the solution. This ethical element is to be important to a strategic solution given that the most likely solution will require state intervention in the housing markets with a significant political cost to politicians. This being said, the paper argues the thesis that the scale of the homelessness problem necessitates a revision of government planning practices in the marketplace that would be so politically costly that only an assertion of the fundamental rights of the homeless to housing would be sufficient to raise political capital to deal with the problem.
From the Paper
"Given that Toronto politicians clearly possess the authority to deal with the problem of homeless through planning but have not, a strategic solution must address the reasons for this lack of action. Some critics have argued, with reference to Toronto, that there exists a widespread view among municipal officials that Toronto planning should not support the economically marginalized who represent a financial drain on the city's resources. Other studies have noted that while affordable housing may be a politically sensitive issue, the real priority of Canadian municipalities lies in increasing their economic competitiveness and growth, even when this may be at the expense of affordable housing for their poorer citizens.
"In this analysis, we can understand the significance of the Kantian ethical argument to this strategic solution, for clearly the major obstacle to dealing with homelessness is a lack of political will. Developers are, after all, major financial contributors to municipal officials. Also, there seems to be an ideological resistance among officials, as noted by Parnaby, to employ planning tools to help marginal populations."
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Dalton McGuinty, 2008.
A discussion of Dalton McGuinty, premier of Ontario, and his policy.
1,020 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the position that the premier of Ontario, Dalton McGuinty, holds in the political fabric of Ontario as well as within the national political structure. The paper points out that McGuinty has been premier since 2003 and is largely considered to be a moderate fiscal conservative, although he is a political liberal in most other respects. It holds that one of his top priorities upon becoming premier was to attract further international investment into the province as a way to spur economic growth. The paper also points out that another chief objective of McGuinty's leadership has been a balanced budget by 2009. Additionally, the paper notes that McGuinty's politically liberal positions include support of abortion rights for women and unequivocal support for same sex couples, which led to the passage of legislation in Ontario that ensured legal status for such couples. Lastly, the paper addresses the McGuinty administration's focus on the "MoveOntario" project, which targeted a $1.2 billion investment in provincial transportation infrastructure.
Outline:
Overview
Provincial Jurisdiction
Responsibilities Outcome
Municipal Amalgamation
From the Paper
"The concept of provincial jurisdiction in Ontario was considerably undermined by the Harris Tory government that preceded McGuinty's government. The Tory government began passing in the mid and late 1990s a series of laws which removed substantial powers of jurisdiction from the local municipalities and placed them largely within the jurisprudence of provincial control. Provincial jurisdiction over municipalities was first undermined by the Schedule M within the Savings and Restructuring Act in 1997 which gave the province's minister of municipal affairs the authority to designate a commissioner who could actually restructure municipalities if they could not agree to boundaries or other issues among themselves. This law removed the entire process of municipal compromise from the municipalities themselves and awarded it to the provincial authorities."
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The Politics of Language in the Caribbean Region, 2008.
This paper looks at the American influence in the Caribbean region and discusses the politics of language.
2,249 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer discusses American patterns of shaping public support for policies that are often little understood in their foreign contexts. The writer looks at developments in the Caribbean region influenced by U.S. policies upon which most economies and governments depend. The writer maintains that the politics of language in the Caribbean reflect marketing features familiar to most North Americans and that the politics of language also involve a strong American role in shaping all matters of economic planning and development and diplomatic relations. The writer concludes that most Caribbean countries have dual economies of growing gaps and no solution in sight for enlarging under-classes apart from the symbols of the stability orientation in more enforcement development and security, more incarceration or other punishment, all factors manipulated in different ways by American interests.
Outline:
Introduction
Selling to the Caribbean
The Caribbean as Sold
The Political Language of Stability
The Politics of Language and Caribbean Criminality
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There is a growing media role in all processes of tourism in the 21st century led by the imperative of selling a particular rendition of The Caribbean as tropical paradise that is in competition with various other paradises of the kind that are in development. Air distances between North America and the Caribbean no longer guarantee simple equations of choosing Nevis over Florida or Antigua over Arizona for air-miles and other incentives make South America, the Mediterranean and Southeast Asia more accessible. Obviously, the way in which Caribbean countries are marketed to North Americans and Europeans obscures often severe socioeconomic troubles borne by the poorest classes. Tourism depends on an impression of local happiness and especially indications of the stability that visitors expect when buying what is often a vacation package. Consumers ask about present crime levels in Jamaica in particular aware that the economic slump of the later 1990s has escalated violent drug-related crime."
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People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 2008.
An examination of an organization that sets out to protect animal rights but with extreme actions.
1,146 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the work and ideas of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) and gives an account of an exercise carried out to promote its cause and explain its positions.
Outline:
Introduction
Methodology
Language Analysis
From the Paper
"The saying goes that actions speak louder than words, and for some groups attempting to persuade the public of the virtue of their point of view, this can be an unfortunate truth. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) offer a persuasive argument on their website and in various literature, but the virtues of their point of view are often lost on the public because of actions the group has taken that cause people to view them as a fringe group with extreme ideas. The ideas may not really be that extreme, but their actions sometimes are and so undercut the power of their speech. PETA is dedicated first to the same sorts of issues as the SPCA (or the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals). The latter group seeks legislation to prevent cruelty to animals and promotes public awareness of cases of cruelty. The group also promotes caring for animals as a virtue to be pursued. PETA does much the same but also takes more extreme positions against those who in any way disagree with them or who may use animals in any way that causes the disapproval of the organization. This sometimes leads to extreme action, such as throwing blood on people wearing fur. Such actions have given the group a reputation that undercuts the persuasive power of their speech."
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Canadian Black Immigrants and Inequality, 2008.
This paper discusses black immigrants, Canadian immigration policy
and the related inequality.
1,976 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer discusses that the patterns of immigration by blacks, and especially black women, over this century demonstrate discriminatory and preventive measures by the Canadian government. The paper relates that this pattern is best understood through the structural functional perspective because immigration policy is designed to ensure that Canadian society is of a certain type. The writer explains that the Canadian government permits certain quotas of immigrants into the country at specific times for labor needs. However, it also carefully controls immigration and prevents family formation. This paper argues that the intention of the Canadian government is and always has been to ensure that blacks and people of color would never be a dominant group and have access to power in the country.
From the Paper
"Immigration policy provided a means to cope with labour shortages while it also defined what is meant by a suitable permanent citizen. That definition was determined by race, ethnicity, class, and also by gender. Black women from the Caribbean were in the worst position. Black workers received half the pay for performing the same work as whites. For domestic workers, conditions went beyond discrimination since they had to endure intolerable conditions of no free time, unpaid overtime, and had to live in. The live-in requirement guaranteed that the women could not form families."
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The Institutionalization of Inequality, 2008.
This paper looks at migratory labor and citizenship in industrialized democracies.
2,352 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This essay argues the thesis that citizenship in western industrialized democracies such as Canada is based upon the institutionalization of inequality whereby migrant labour is sought to meet the labor reproduction needs of industry and business and citizenship rights are restricted to limit any demands these groups may make on state revenues and businesses. From this perspective, the writer maintains that inequality in terms of migration - whether on the grounds of race, gender or ethnicity - must be understood in how it serves the larger corporate interests of Canadian business and society.
Outline:
Introduction
Immigration as an Engine of the Economy
Structural Inequalities of Race, Ethnicity and Gender
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Thus, the labour force of Canada was not biologically reproducing itself on a generational basis by the later decades of the twentieth century. In order to meet this shortfall, the Government of Canada resorted to immigration to supply a labour force to meet the demands of the Canadian economy. These demands are complex, for the Labour Force Reproduction model indicates that the economy needs a labour supply not only in terms of production but also to consume the goods produced. As a result, in the years in which the Canadian fertility rates were declining, after 1956 the Canadian immigration levels were increasing. From 1954 to 1992 Canada accepted 5.7 million immigrants. These immigrants fulfilled a wide number of economic roles in Canadian society, from contributing as business class immigrants and supplying entrepreneurial investment funds, to those who work in the commercial and corporate sectors. In addition, we must not forget the significant numbers of immigrants who worked as unpaid labour - often women - and so subsidized the paid labour force in Canada."
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Water Safety in Mega Cities, 2008.
This paper looks at the issue of unsafe water supplies in the mega cities of the developing world.
984 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer notes that in the early 21st century, the mega cities of the developing world are facing an unprecedented series of environmental pressures. These are all ultimately due to the rapidly accelerating growth and development of such urban areas, whose immense populations and industries are negatively impacting local and regional environments on a significant scale. The writer argues that, while the poor of these cities face many challenges as a result of development - from poor nutrition to poor sanitation, air pollution and housing crises, the unsafe water supplies of these cities is the most urgent problem that they face.
From the Paper
"Scholars studying the issue of safe water supplies in the mega cities of the developing world agree that the nature of this development problem is shaped by its context. In this regard, there are two primary factors that we must consider. First, the development of the mega cities of the developing world is radically different than the development of mega cities in the developed world as in the latter case development was gradual, while in the former it is accelerated. Thus, while cities such as New York had a century to develop water systems to cope with growth, the cities of the developing world have had only a generation. Consider, for example, the fact that the population of Mexico City in 1950 was 3.1 million, and a generation later, in 1980, was 13.4 million. The second primary factor is that while in the developed world mega cities their economies grew in close parallel to the growth of the cities' populations, in the developing world this connection is far more uncertain."
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The Collapse of the Soviet Union, 2008.
An analysis of the factors contributing to the collapse of the Soviet Union and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev's efforts to stem the collapse.
2,141 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the main causes of the collapse of the Soviet Union, focusing on the role of the United States in its collapse. The paper looks at the final phase of collapse in the 1980s when Leonid Brezhnev died and the other factors that impacted the collapse at that time. The paper also discusses the efforts of Gorbachev to try to stem the collapse of the Soviet Union and how his efforts failed.
From the Paper
"Gorbachev realized that perestroika was bold and risky and that only time would determine its ultimate success or failure. Like Lenin, Gorbachev believed that, "sometimes you have to retreat, and then advance." But he ran out of time, in part because the new openness in the Soviet press under glasnost revealed to the Soviet people for the first time that conditions across the entire Soviet Union were shockingly bad.
"Ever since the days of Lenin, the average Soviet citizen knew that economic conditions were bad in their own village, city, or region, but the communist-controlled media prevented them from knowing that conditions were just as bad everywhere else if not even worse. Glasnost confirmed this harsh reality beyond any doubt, and created a political environment across the Soviet Union in which people were not going to tolerate communism much longer."
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The Politics of Psychoanalysis, 2008.
An analysis of the authoritarian perspective of psychoanalysis and its role in the political economy of our time.
2,801 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper critiques psychoanalysis with particular emphasis on its role in the political economy of our time. It argues that psychoanalysis fosters an authoritarian perspective between the analyst and the subject/patient who is defined as a non-agent. This paper suggests that this denial of agency within psychoanalysis has direct analogies to the denial of agency in our socio-political structures.
From the Paper
"This view has clear and present analogies for technology and the practice of cyborgology in our modern world. Consider, for example, who controls the Internet. Is it the state, or the people? No, it is the large corporations who not only own, but administer and define the Internet. The Japanese have been allowed into the Euro-American club of technology, while the Chinese have been granted permission to build the technology and the Indians to program and serve as offshore support systems for the technology. Nonetheless, the club remains almost exclusively Euro-American, as does the Internet itself."
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ESI and Climate Change, 2008.
This paper discusses the World Economic Forum's environmental sustainability index (ESI) model as a response to climate change.
2,105 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer explains that the environmental sustainability index or ESI is a valuable tool that allows markets and countries to determine where they need to commit additional resources in order to affect positive change and where they are being successful at reducing climate changing activities. The writer notes that Canada has enacted extensive environmental legislation before and, because of its inclusion in the ESI rankings as a regular high-scoring participant, holds this legislation up as a model for other countries to follow. The writer concludes that perhaps one of the greatest uses of the ESI is as a measure or predictor for democratic effectiveness or reform in developing countries because where one sits on the ESI and the given ranking can be used to make certain assumptions about economic status, economic growth, and political reform or need thereof as they relate to direct and indirect impacts on climate change.
Outline:
The World Economic Forum
The ESI
Factors Within the ESI
A Working Model
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Strict adherence to this readily verifiable and repeatable methodology ensures that the figures can be taken at face value without the burden of compiling an independent data set. The rationale for inclusion in the ESI study as discussed above is based on three selected criteria: country size, variable coverage, and indicator coverage. Additionally, when greater cross-referencing is needed to substantiate data or outcomes, predetermined denominators are utilized to facilitate comparisons."
"The leading indicators that are measured in the ESI are separated into five components which together contain twenty-one measured indicators that each relate in some fashion to Parker and Blodgett's lens paradigm."
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