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Western Sahara Conflict, 2009.
A discussion on the Western Sahara conflict and what can be done to abate this.
7,998 words (approx. 32.0 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 172.95
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Abstract
This essay is a study of the resources, the major players and forces, and, finally, the people of the Western Sahara region in an effort to understand what has been done to resolve the conflict brought about by the violence and greed of the area's leaders. The paper discusses possible ways to bring about a peace settlement which would allow the people whose lives remain in constant turmoil and conflict to finally make permanent homes and focus on their daily lives of subsistent living. The citizens of the region who are not in the military, not engaged in the conflict, but whose lives are subjected to decisions and actions of the primary forces and power elites, live in terror each day. They are the ones who suffer the losses, and their lives and losses seem to be of little relevance to the forces in conflict and control. An effort is made in this study to understand why the conflict continues, and which groups or individuals are benefitting from the continued unrest and aggression. This paper includes maps.
Outline:
Introduction
The Moroccan Position
The Algerian Position
The Polasario Position
Human Rights and Loss
The Economic Cost of Western Sahara
The Political Cost of Western Sahara
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There is a need to understand the positions of the forces at play here. First, it is necessary to gain a sense of the region. What is the landscape, and who occupies what section of that landscape? From where does their claim on the landscape arise from? It is only by analyzing the landscape and the positions of the players that an effort to make sense of what has gone on and continues to go on in Western Sahara can begin to make sense. Even if the sense that it brings to the understanding of the dynamics of the situation belie the true interests of the parties involved. The first is the Moroccan position."
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NAPHHS and American Healthcare, 2009.
An analysis of the National Association of Public Hospitals and Health Systems' (NAPHHS) position on uninsured healthcare consumers.
1,468 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper provides an analysis and discussion concerning the position that the National Association of Public Hospitals and Health Systems (NAPHHS) has taken on the policy issue/problem of uninsured healthcare consumers in the United States. The paper examines the rationale the group has given for its position and discusses why the group should and should not take this position. The paper concludes that while there are serious problems facing the NAPHHS today, the United States can ill afford to ignore the healthcare needs of millions of Americans. In addition, the paper asserts that healthcare delayed simply means higher costs later on and a diminishment of the ability of workers to continue their employment in the future.
Outline:
The Issue/Problem
The Group's Position
The Rationale the Group has Given for its Position, the Evidence or Other Support for its Position, What Accounts for the Group's Approach to the Issue
An Evaluation of the Group's Position. Why the Group Should Take on this Position, Why the Group Should Not Take This Position
From the Paper
"Today, the National Association of Public Hospitals and Health Systems (NAPHSS) provides more than $6 billion in unreimbursed healthcare services to healthcare consumers in the United States and operates a number of emergency rooms and ambulatory care facilities that represent the only access to healthcare for many people. Together with the Department of Veterans Affairs, the NAPHSS is also responsible for training many of the healthcare practitioners that go on to make substantive contributions to the nation's healthcare system. Clearly, the NAPHSS represents an important component of the nation's healthcare system, but the manner in which these hospitals are funded and the amounts they receive make the problem of continuing to provide care for millions of uninsured Americans especially challenging."
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The Federal Anti-Kickback Law, 2009.
Examines the Federal Anti-Kickback Law (42 U.S.C.S. 1320a-7b(b)) as it applies to the writer's possible involvement in a joint venture agreement with another medical group, which has many Medicaid patients.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the Federal Anti-Kickback Law, (42 U.S.C.S. 1320a-7b(b)), which prohibits a person from paying or seeking payment in exchange for referred business that will be reimbursed by a federal health care program, including Medicaid. These violations are a felony and can have severe consequences. However, the law does have several safe harbors. Nonetheless, because the law has been narrowly interpreted in the courts, the writer believes that the proposed arrangement in this joint venture agreement with another medical group appears to possibly violate the Federal Anti-Kickback Law.
From the Paper
"The Office of Inspector General (OIG) of the U.S. Department of Health is in charge of enforcing the Federal Anti-Kickback Law. The OIG has developed regulations to help ensure compliance with the Law, but is also aware that many contemplated arrangements may not fall within the safe harbors, but still would not violate the Law. Therefore, the OIG will provide advisory opinions about specific proposed business arrangements."
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9/11 and Wiretapping, 2009.
This paper discusses the post-9/11 expansion of government powers in the US and the significance of wiretapping.
2,214 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses wiretapping in light of the post-9/11 expansion of government powers in the US. The paper first presents a discussion of the purpose of wiretapping and a brief history of its use in the United States. Next, the paper explores the arguments for and against the extended use of wiretapping to improve law enforcement's understanding of the terrorist situation in the country. The paper maintains that, given all the information discussed in the paper, one can understand the post-9/11 expansion of government through wiretapping.
Outline:
Introduction
Purposes of Wiretapping
Brief History of Wiretapping in the United States
An Exploration of the Arguments Concerning the Government's Expansion of Wiretapping Privileges
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Although their impact on United States history names them as one of the most significant events to occur in decades, the attacks not only affected American history. From fast food joints selling freedom fries to bankrupt airlines who had lost the patronage of frightened customers, nearly every aspect of American life was altered by the colossal events of that day. The government was not excluded. In fact, the events of September 11, 2001 lead to some of the most radical and sweeping national security policy in the recent era. Similarly, these policies have been some of the most controversial since the 1960s Civil Rights era, proposing actions that many believed invaded the privacy of ordinary citizens, violated the constitution, and proved that the government was above the law. This is certainly the opinion of Michael Moore, whose documentary Fahrenheit 911 presented its audience with images of ordinary citizens being persecuted for their negative feelings toward the government."
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The American Flag, 2009.
An analysis of what the American flag symbolizes to the American nation.
1,253 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper refers to the essay "And our Flag was Still There" by Barbara Kingsolver who explores what the American flag represents to different people. The paper explains that the flag is perceived as a religious icon, utilized to display proud patriotism or to represent anger and the need for change, and also represents the myth of Manifest Destiny and the myth of freedom. Additionally, the paper shows how the flag is like a propaganda tool that has been used in many settings and can mean whatever the American people believe it to mean.
From the Paper
"The flag is the most powerful symbol of patriotism for any country, and especially for the United States because the American flag is recognizable anywhere. With its stars and stripes speaking about the history of the nation, the flag sums up what it means to be an American. Therefore, when a person looks at the flag or flies one in their yard or from their car, the person is saying, "I am proud to be an American." The flag equals patriotism. At the same time, the flag means whatever the individual wants it to mean. A person can burn the flag at a political protest to show disgust or disappointment with American policy. Or, as Barbara Kingsolver explains, the American flag can be used for political reasons such as to symbolize the war on terror. Because the American flag can mean anything the person wants it to mean, it remains the most important and most flexible national symbols. The flag can represent proud patriotism or it can represent anger and the need for change."
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Social Justice: Western Perspectives, 2009.
A look at how the definition of social justice has taken on a new dimension.
1,464 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how recent developments in international relations have determined a new dimension of the definition of social justice. The paper relates that, nowadays, there is a tendency to consider social justice from a universal point of view while also taking into account the western perceptions on justice and society. The paper then discusses the factors that determine the differences in the notion of social justice at the international level and concludes that the precepts of social justice today in the international community are based on the liberal thoughts of the 18th century and are viable to this day.
From the Paper
"Recent developments in international relations have determined a new dimension of the definition of social justice. Nowadays there is a tendency to consider social justice from a universal point of view but taking into account the western perceptions on justice and the society. This is largely due to the fact that the West appears to have the full control of the international arena and at the same time to be able to export the norms and values which are determinant for their own societies. Even so, the cultural specificities cannot always be ignored and in many cases this can lead up to cultural clashes.
"Samuel Huntington pointed out in one of his most famous theories the danger of a clash of civilizations (1996). This would result from the different perceptions peoples around the world would have on the values that govern their societies. More precisely, Huntington underlines the fact that in the globalised world there are different understandings of notions such as freedom, justice, religion, rule of law, tolerance (Huntington, 1996). At the same time, given the fact that the West still continues to maintain the power in global affairs, it also tries to impose, at the international level, its own concepts on the issue of social justice."
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Political Organizations, 2009.
A brief look at the political structures of bands, tribes, chiefdoms and states that exist in society.
1,089 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the four designations of political structures and points out that they do not necessarily imply that one culture is morally or culturally superior to any other. The paper looks at the Basseri that are a nomadic society that exhibits features of being a band, a tribe and a chiefdom, while Haiti exhibits all the features of a modern state, including worldwide recognition as such. The paper also relates that ancient Aztec society was a state, while the Minangkabau are a matrilineal tribal society dwelling within the state of Indonesia who also experience some features of state politics.
From the Paper
"Most human cultures can be classified based on their social and political systems, especially as those systems impact issues such as class stratification or gender. Political organizations vary considerably but usually fall well within one of the following four categories: bands, tribes, chiefdoms, and states. Although often described as more or less advanced than one another, these four designations do not necessarily imply that one culture is morally or culturally superior to any other. A state can be enormously tyrannical in spite of its relatively complex and hierarchical system. In contrast, a band might be egalitarian."
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Human Trafficking, 2008.
A look at human trafficking and it's impact on society.
2,914 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the history of human trafficking as well as the moral and legal obligations and the impact of human trafficking on the global community and its impact on the United States' foreign policy. The author discusses the difficulties that these immigrants endure and how they are victimized because of their poverty, lack of language fluency and misperceptions of laws. In closing, the paper examines the impact that human trafficking has on members of society and the solutions to the issue from a criminal justice standpoint.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
History of Human Trafficking
New Drivers of Human Trafficking Crimes
Societal and Health Implications
Examination of the Demand and Supply
Solutions for Coping with Human Trafficking Crimes
The Three P's Of Anti-Trafficking Responses
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Human trafficking crimes are as old as mankind itself however as the world has become more globalized so has too the trafficking of human beings. This work examines the history of human trafficking and the moral and legal obligations of society in addressing these crimes. Furthermore, this work examines the impact of human trafficking on the global community; the impact that human trafficking has on U.S. foreign policy and the impact that human trafficking has on the criminal justice system and possible solutions for addressing trafficking of human beings."
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"Revolution is U.S.", 2009.
An examination of the five-gas-stations theory and the discussions on globalization in Thomas L. Friedman's essay, "Revolution is U.S."
1,446 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Thomas L. Friedman's essay, "Revolution is U.S." It specifically examines the five-gas-stations theory that he presents in the essay and looks at how it explains how the world perceives the United States and its' influence on global culture. The paper also looks at Friedman's discussion on globalization and society in the world today.
From the Paper
"In conclusion, Friedman's five-gas-stations theory is compelling and quite thought provoking. If America's gas station is the one spreading around the world, then the world is in serious trouble right now. America's gas station is running on empty. In the last 100-plus years, America has been at the forefront of new technologies and innovations, from the airplane to walking on the moon and developing the first PCs. Today, however, that role is changing. To put Friedman's theory to the test, based on our last century and a half, America's gas station should not only be efficient and lower cost; it should be the vanguard of the future. When a driver enters America's gas station, they should pump hydrogen or ethanol fuels from pumps powered by solar or wind energy. The car should be a hybrid with alternative technologies and enough horsepower to climb Mt. Everest. It should be big enough for the family and yet fuel efficient, and the attendants will help you plug in your electric car to charge it up, if need be. That should be America's gas station according to our past performance, but today's American gas station is instead a vanguard of American dominance and globalization, and that is a tragic flaw in the world's hope for the future, and the survival of different and unique cultures around the world."
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Lesbianism in U.S. History, 2009.
A look at lesbianism throughout the history of the United States.
3,451 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates into the historical development of the concept of lesbianism in the United States. The author looks at how homosexuality was directly influenced by political and economic changes that affected the American population in its entirety and how these political conflicts and confrontations were echoed into the cultural expressions of homosexuality in general, and lesbianism in particular. In the view that lesbianism stepped into the light thanks to the social movements of the 1960s, the author also explains how from the 1950s onwards, lesbianism was treated as a social phenomenon rather than a psychiatric deviation.
From the Paper
"The discourse of American politics is focused on individual rights, action and identity. This trait was developed as a result of the social movements that took place during the 1960s and 1970s. American social changes have been correlated with the so-called 'voice of the people' which in turn, is directly linked to social identity. In this sense, the 1960s highly contributed to the birth and development of a common identity for individuals who shared a particular characteristic, be it ethnic origin, sex, religion, etc. This shared identity enabled their voices to be heard more loudly and clearly, and their discontents to be expressed as a coherent common pain; this pain was no longer restricted to individual life, but transformed into a discontent that was publicly voiced and widely shared."
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"A Question of Torture", 2009.
An analysis of the book "A Question of Torture: CIA Interrogation From the Cold War to the War on Terror" by Alfred W. McCoy.
1,971 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses McCoy's purpose in writing the book "A Question of Torture", which is to reveal the CIA's 50-plus year history of utilizing torture against others and to argue that America is misusing her power. The paper outlines the main ideas contained in this work and shows how it raises many questions, principally why the American people seem largely disinterested about the use of torture and the human rights violations. The paper opines that the author's thesis is very well supported.
From the Paper
"The author shows that initially, the CIA torture process came into being as a reaction to the Soviet Union's KBG, and was created to help insure the safety of the nation when it was clear the Soviet Union was developing deep intelligence and spy networks geared at undermining the U.S. In an interview about the book he states, "In the deepest darkest days of the Cold War initially as a defensive move, the CIA launched a massive mind control project to crack the code of human consciousness, a veritable Manhattan project of the mind with research expenses reaching up to $1 billion a year" (Jones, 2006). Researchers discovered that psychological techniques as simple as sensory deprivation and isolation could break down a victim in as little as 48 hours. The problem was, some of the people were so debilitated they "confessed" to things that did not actually occur, simply to stop the psychological process (Jones, 2006). This is one of the problems with torture like this, as the author shows throughout this book."
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Religion and Politics, 2009.
An exploration of the impact of religious affiliation on voting choices of Americans.
1,299 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the actual impact of church membership and religious affiliation upon partisanship of those church members and religious adherents. The paper looks at research on religion in the Latino community and amongst African-American women and refers to two Pew Research Center reports. The paper concludes that religious affiliation has historically and traditionally affected the resultant voting choices of individuals in the United States, but there has been a growing trend to judge candidates more individually than from just the party view of that candidate when it comes to a choice in the voting process.
Outline:
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
Churches and Political Engagement Examined
Relevance of Large Social Networking Involvement
Examination of Voting of African-American Women
Pew Research Center Report
Pew Research Center Report (2003)
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The work of Kelly and Kelly (2005) entitled: "Religion and Latino Partisanship in the United States" reports a research study in the Latino community, which has until now been little studies in relation to religious affiliation and the effect of that affiliation on the partisanship of the community. This study utilized data from the 1990-2000 National Election Studies in examining both the religious affiliation and the level of religious commitment among Latinos and focused on the effects of these statistics on the political affiliation of the Latino group. Findings in this study include that the classification of Latinos into two groupings of either being Catholic or non-Catholic is a faulty classification and additionally findings are stated that religious significantly influences Latino partisanship."
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U.S. Entry Into World War I, 2009.
An argument that domestic pressure was the primary rational motivator for going to war.
2,076 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
The paper refers to Graham T. Allison's article, "Conceptual Models in the Cuban Missile Crisis" as a basis for examining the conditions in the United States preceding WWI and President Woodrow Wilson's personal and political rational behind becoming involved in the war. The paper focuses on the inability of international actions to provide a strong rational for going to war and concludes that the United States' entry into World War One was a rational decision not based on international actions but motivated by political pressure and a fledgling sense of national identity among the state's most wealthy.
Outline:
Conditions in the United States Preceding the War
Woodrow Wilson's Personal and Political Rational for Becoming Involved in the War
The Inability of International Actions to Provide a Strong Rational for Going to War
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In 1969, Graham T. Allison's article, "Conceptual Models in the Cuban Missile Crisis," made a monumental contribution to the field of foreign policy. By establishing three conceptual models that seek to explain the reasoning behind foreign policy decisions-the Rational Policy Model, Organizational Process Model, and Bureaucratic Policy Model-Graham seeks to establish that a variety of influences can result in a state's entry into an international conflict. Each of these models offers a different rationalization for a nation's involvement in conflict, including self-interest, the influence of leaders and organizations, and political compromises. Although Allison applied the three models he created to the Cold War Cuban Missile Crisis, scholars have acknowledged the models' applicability toward a variety of conflicts, including World War One. In fact, Allison himself cites reputable scholar Hans Morgantheau's assessment of the origins of the First World War as falling within one of his conceptual models, the Rational Actor Model (692)."
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The 2008 Primary Presidential Election, 2009.
Examines how race and gender played a role in the 2008 primary presidential elections.
1,505 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the inclusion of African-American Barack Obama and a woman in the person of Hilary Clinton in the 2008 primary presidential elections underscored the issues of race and gender in the history of the United States. Next, the author relates that Barack Obama directly addressed the race issue through his speeches by invoking that the Americans must deal immediately with the divisions in the society. In addition, the paper discusses Republican candidate John McCain, a traditional white person from Arizona, and the issue of his age.
From the Paper
"At the same time, the race, which goes on between Barack Obama and John McCain, reveals the attempt to consider the American society a neutral color blind society. Barack Obama is not only an African American but also his origins are different from the traditional presidential campaign. More precisely, he was born in Hawaii and his father was an African who won a scholarship to study in the United States."
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Nations and Nationalism, 2009.
An examination of two theories which analyze the role and the actual birth of a nation and nationalism.
4,365 words (approx. 17.5 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 115.95
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Abstract
The paper argues that nations as well as nationalism are two essential elements of today's world. The paper focuses on Ernest Gellner's theory that contends that nations and nationalism are outgrowths of a modern industrial society and Anthony Smith's theory that argues that although we can not discount the influence of human creativity in their formation, nations and nationalism are also the products of preexisting traditions and heritages. The paper offers a critique of these theories and considers these theories' application on the political scene. The paper concludes that it is important to consider both approaches as neither of them is exhaustive or flawless in their explanations.
Outline:
Introduction
Principles
Theories and their Discussion
Critique of the Theories
Development of Nationalism - 1780's to Present- Application of Theories
Conclusions
From the Paper
"We live in a world that is constantly searching for its identity, one which is made up of state actors, non state actors, organizations, corporations and leaders. They all have a strong voice and opinion concerning the new direction of the world and they all represent important pieces in the way in which world politics is conducted. However, the traditional aspect of the international law contends that the state remains the most important and most legitimate actor in the international system. This assessment is viewed as modern and as dissolute at the same time. Around this subject and the theoretical aspects it entangles, there are a wide variety of debates and scholarly discussions some of which use the most interesting yet specific aspects of the definition of a state and of a nation. These perspectives have led to a series of theories which analyses the role as well as the actual birth of the nation and that of nationalism which in the end defines the nation state."
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