| Papers [661-675] of 4449 :: [Page 45 of 297] | | Go to page : <— 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 —> | |
|
|
"On Liberty", 2006.
A paper discussing limitations of liberty in John Stewart Mill's "On Liberty."
1,016 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 35.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discussed Mill's treatise "On Liberty," and defines Mill's concept of liberty. According to the paper, Mill advocates complete freedom and non-interference of government in most cases. The paper explains that Mill only advocates limiting freedoms where actions of one individual can harm another individual.
From the Paper
"In his foundational treatise on the notion of liberty, John Stuart Mill opened a Pandora's Box for debate about the nature and limitations of liberty. His defense of the fundamental democratic ideal forces scholars into two camps: the first heralds the writer as the true defender of freedom and civil liberty, the others arguing that his service was as no great defender, but instead as the consistent utilitarian. Steadily the political son of Tocqueville, Mill's 1859 disquisition was immediately noted for its justification of the freedom of the individual in the face of a state imposition of control, from its inception a classic libertarian premise. However, Mill's idea of liberty was not boundless; while the first danger to liberty, he argued, is the threat of state control, its second danger is that to which most democracies are known, the 'tyranny of the majority.'"
| |
|
Aristotle vs. Plato, 2006.
Explains Aristotle's primary break with Plato regarding philosophical and political thought.
1,208 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that Aristotle's most significant break from Plato, in terms of philosophical and political thought, is that Aristotle eventually came to value empirical observation over abstract theorizing. The paper further explains that it is this emphasis on empiricism that led Aristotle to conclude that a monarchy in the hands of a just ruler is the most just and efficient form of leadership. The paper also explains that this view contrasts with Plato's belief, which held that society should be ruled either by a king that is a philosopher or a philosopher that is a king,
From the Paper
"Out of these bases, the core political objections Aristotle makes with reference to Plato's Republic fall along the lines of the manner by which each philosopher believes that happiness can be attained. This division makes itself explicit in Book II of Politics when Aristotle advocates the position of women in society and property as being avenues by which happiness can be attained. Plato, on the other hand, "realizing the moral influence of the household and fearing that it would conflict with, and undermine, the public-spiritedness of the rulers, had advocated in the Republic the abolition of the household for the ruling class." (Mulgan, 38). Essentially, Plato does away with private property but Aristotle believes that communal property may actually have the effect of increasing disharmony and interpersonal disputes. To Aristotle, the sense of ownership provides happiness for the owner; the absence of this quality from a society could be potentially disastrous."
| |
|
Monotheism vs. Dualism, 2006.
This paper focuses on the similarities and differences between the theological mindset of monotheism and the philosophy behind dualism.
1,063 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper defines monotheism as the general religious belief in one God, which is prevalent with most religions including Christianity, Islam and Judaism. This paper also delves into the philosophy of dualism which states that the universe is comprised of two specific substances. This paper presented as a comparative analysis details and examines the differences between the two philosophies. This paper clearly shows that monotheism does in fact possess some of the characteristics of the dualist philosophy yet dualism does not have even one characteristic similar to that of monotheism. The writer contends and proves in this paper that dualism decidedly emerged from the basic principles of monotheism.
From the Paper
"The idea of an infinite and united God is consistent with the argument presented in the preceding paragraph. Time does not play a significant role in determining God's efficacy to its believers. Furthermore, mind and matter merge to create a united entity, a characteristic achieved only by God. And because God transcends all the worldly ideas and concepts that humanity has created, God is then considered simple, mainly because it is not spiritual or material, it simply exists as it is. This fact alone explains God's simplicity, though to explain its existence and knowability is actually a complex contemplation to engage in. Lastly, because God is infinite, united, and simple, he is thus divine: an entity that exists for different causes not known by humanity."
| |
|
Monistic vs. Monotheistic Concepts, 2006.
This paper examines the similarities and differences of monism and monotheism as they pertain to religion, theology, life and death.
1,330 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper defines and analyzes the basic fundamental beliefs and views of monism and monotheism. This writer of this paper defines the monistic view as an earthly actualization of what the monotheist hopes to achieve after life ceases to exist. The writer focuses on three specific areas of interest while comparing the similarities and differences between both theological belief systems including life, death and duality. The writer contends and explains the manner in which monotheism emphasizes duality during one's lifetime on earth whereas monism stresses the reality of the God concept. This paper also delves into how monism and monotheism both advocate unity yet do so from totally opposing opposing viewpoints.
From the Paper
"At the heart of the monotheist fear then lies the fundamental point of separation not only between God and creation, but also between monism and monotheism. Monism assumes the unity of the God concept with the rest of creation. God is part of creation, and creation is part of the divine. The two, including humanity, are inseparable. For the monotheist on the other hand, the personality assigned to God precludes true unity with him. God is assumed to be a person by the monotheistic religions. This is true even of Islam, which Khan claims rests upon the true union with God without the benefit of an intermediary. As such, God is separate from his creation, but at the same time part of creation in a counseling capacity. This on the one hand provides a fundamental security, in that personal understanding and communication is possible between God and creature. On the other hand, and perhaps ironically, this is the very personality that precludes true unity."
| |
|
Choosing a Paradigm, 2006.
This in-depth paper analyzes the methodology used by researchers in choosing a paradigm for research purposes while focusing on the philosophical presumptions which exist in regards to the nature of their primary research.
5,656 words (approx. 22.6 pages), 62 sources, MLA, $ 136.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This well-researched paper defines the term 'research paradigm' as system of beliefs, values and techniques which are shared within a group or community. The writer of this paper focuses on research paradigms as a method of looking at the world while providing a specific foundation for researchers to understand what is going on around them. The writer contends and explains why paradigms are discernible by different sets of beliefs which are acquired from philosophical assumptions about the nature of reality. This paper focuses on both the positivist and interpretivist forms of paradigms as they relate to the field social science and research. Positivist paradigms stress significance and disposition while the interpretivist form of paradigms focus on substance and situation.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Social Science Research and Natural Science
What is a Paradigm?
The Positivist Paradigm
The Interpretivist Paradigm
Alternative Perspectives
Paradigms and Methods
Paradigms and the Research Proposal
Conclusions
References
From the Paper
"Pragmatists acknowledge the strengths and weaknesses of each tool. They recognize not only that science affects decision-making but also politics, ignorance, intuition, habit, and prejudice. They also understand the limitations--recommendations are tentative and of a probabilistic nature. Miles and Huberman comment that "we believe that all of us, realists, relativists, critical theorists, are closer to the center, with multiple overlaps." A growing body of social research takes a stand somewhere between the two schools of thought. Eclectic researchers recognize that no piece of social research can be entirely objective, since no researcher is value free. Even in an overtly rigorous quantitative, head counting study, some implicit decisions have already been made as to which heads are worth counting. Eclectic researchers can be more flexible in designing the research process."
| |
|
Plato's "Republic" and "Bhagavad-Gita", 2006.
A comparison of sun analogies in the "Bhagavad-Gita" and Plato's "Republic."
1,203 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper looks at the use of the sun and analogies of the sun in the "Bhagavad-Gita" and Plato's "Republic." The paper points out that both works view the sun as a crucial part of existence - a life-giver and source of good.
From the Paper
"Given its prominence in the sky and its ability to provide humankind with warmth and sustenance through agriculture, it is little wonder that the Sun has played such an important role in literature through the centuries. To this end, this paper examine the various sun analogies that occur in both the Bhagavad-Gita and the Republic to identify what the Sun represents in each case, what can be learned regarded the role of knowledge and its implications for good conduct, followed by a discussion of whether this type of knowledge serves to
illuminate humankind's understanding in each of these instances."
| |
|
Criminal Justice, 2006.
An extensive discussion on the ethics of criminal justice.
3,815 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 104.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper begins by defining the criminal justice system, ethics and morality and then explores the relationships between them. It continues to philosophize over morals, ethics and right and wrong behavior. In conclusion the author summarizes and links the criminal justice system and its ethics.
Table of Contents
Relationships of Criminal justice system, ethics and morality
What are morals and moral behavior?
Morality of law
What are ethics and ethical behavior?
Moral questions in criminal justice
The difference between right and wrong
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Heated arguments went on and the concerned professor went to the dean to find out what action he should take. This led to a discussion among the faculty as the dean himself was not sure. Among the faculty there were many justifications given for lying, and business was compared to poker and people knew that there would be bluffing. Some others felt that there were no absolute values and morality depends on the consequences that follow from the action. According to this logic the executive should have lied. The other action may cause harm to the airline as it may collapse, and then there would be an effect on shareholders, employees and creditors, etc. Others said that telling of truth will lead to an increase in sales later while telling lies will lose sales, and that is the reason that telling truth was a good idea. Among the lot, only two members said that telling truth was essential as it was an absolute moral requirement and that is the reason why the executive had no other option. (When It Comes to Ethics, B-Schools Get an F) This total loss of moral senses is bound to have an impact on criminal justice within the country."
| |
|
Current Manifestations of Humanistic Psychology, 2006.
This well-researched paper focuses on the latest theories, methods and philosophies relating to the fields of both humanistic psychology and psychotherapy.
3,399 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 29 sources, MLA, $ 96.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines the birth of humanistic psychology which was developed in protest against the curtailment of psychoanalysis and behaviorist therapies which primarily viewed the human being as a collection of unconscious impulses or reactors to stimuli. This paper details the views and opinions of numerous experts in the field who contend that humanistic psychology and psychotherapy must be seen as an interpersonal and moral phenomenon which requires significant insight. This in-depth paper focuses primarily on three specific categories of humanistic psychology. One category this paper delves into discusses the self-actualization form of therapy which is concerned with helping individuals discover who they really are while focusing on their potential for self-improvement. This paper also delves into various existential theories and treatments which are currently being used by a large number of humanistic psychotherapists who find these particular forms of treatment to be effective.
From the Paper
"Humanistic psychology developed in protest against the reductionism of psychoanalysis and behaviorism which saw the human being as a bunch of unconscious impulses or reactors to stimuli. The new paradigm sought to treat the "whole person" and found phenomenological/ qualitative approaches better suited to this richer purpose. Maslow, for example, wanted to gain information based on personal, subjective experiences and not on abstract systems. But as Giorgi (2005) points out, the natural science/quantitative influence is still here. He admits that humanistic psychology has been granted a presence in psychology, but shows it is still in the minority. Of the 150,000 APA members, only 610 are members of Division 32, or less than 1/2 of 1%. The bulk of the field of psychology still honors the scientific approach more than the humanistic approach. Humanism is not as strong as psychoanalysis or behaviorism in universities and not as well represented as cognitive psychology."
|
| Term Paper # 68871 |
temporarily unavailable
|
|
|
|
Aquinas and the Jews, 2005.
This paper examines Thomas Aquinas' attitude towards Jews.
1,355 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that, while Aquinas' work may be remembered by many for its original thought, his arguments in the case of Jews lost their credibility because of frequent dualities. The author points out that, while, on the one hand, Aquinas tried to be sympathetic and tolerant; on the other hand, he created an undesirable duality when he refused to resist some stereotypical images of Jews as usurers and murderers of Christ. The paper states that, when he had the opportunity to dispel some old beliefs and add a new and refreshing angle to the age-old prejudice held against Jews, Aquinas failed miserably. Many quotations.
From the Paper
"The works of Saint Augustine were one of the major sources for Aquinas' writings. His views on Jews are largely a response to Augustine's arguments. Thus, we must not deny the influence of other thinkers and philosophers on Aquinas' work but we must also admit that his work bore a distinctive mark that indicated originality and independent thinking. Aquinas was particularly interested in Pharisaic Judaism. This sect was responsible for calling Jesus a Samaritan- a term they used for someone who was seen as unclean. Samaritans were usually classed with the Philistines and Edomites as Mishna declares: "He that eats the bread of the Samaritans is like to one that eats the flesh of swine.""
| |
|
Natural Law, 2006.
An overview of philosophical interpretations of natural law and the problems surrounding this issue.
1,411 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The concepts of natural law have been composed by a number of well-known philosophers. However, these multiple compositions have created a lot of problems in the context of the authenticity of the natural law. The paper reveals some of the fundamental problems related to the authenticity of natural law and provides a viable solution. The paper concludes that one can safely assume that correct interpretation of the natural laws lies in the guidelines of the Divine Law.
Paper Outline:
Statement of the Problem
Introduction
Review of Related Literature
Methodology
Collection of Data
Results
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"St. Thomas, though, thinks that the natural law is the gateway towards the natural reason of deciding what is good and what is not good or is evil. He also believes that the immoral action of an individual, such as burglary, without the knowledge of right and wrong does not justify him to be judged as a burglar. He can only be judged so if he knew the boundaries of right and wrong and decided to choose the wrong way anyway (Thomas Aquinas, 1947)."
| |
|
"South Park" and Philosophy, 2006.
Discusses how philosophical theories on human nature are defined in the popular television program, "South Park".
1,218 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The animated show "South Park" depicts dozens of different characters interacting in ways that reveal the writers' assumptions about human nature. Each episode examines a particular situation from various perspectives, drawing out the multiplicity of voices and opinions that characterizes human social life. The paper shows that although the writers usually don't intend to pay homage to philosophers like the Buddha, Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Darwin, Marx, or Freud, these thinkers and their theories helped shape our culture's value system and worldview. Therefore, popular shows like "South Park" inevitably reflect some of these core philosophies. The paper shows that, in particular, "South Park" deals intermittently with Freudian ego/id/superego theory as well as his theories on unconscious desires; Hobbes' and Humes' ideas regarding free will and determinism; and Kierkegaard's theories on social alienation.
From the Paper
"A prime example of neurosis is the character Eric Cartman. A raving sociopath at times, Cartman occasionally lets his eight-year old consciousness shine through. Unlike most of the other characters on the show, Cartman rarely if ever shows any concern for superego. Cartman unabashedly has no sense of right or wrong, willfully hurts people for his own gratification, and cares not for the social norms and mores that guide social behavior. In several episodes, Cartman acts cruelly because it gratifies his id while ignoring his superego. As a result of his lack of conscience, Cartman does not suffer from the types of neuroses that affect other characters on the show."
| |
|
Jesus and Mohammed, 2005.
This paper analyzes the similarities and differences of Jesus Christ and the Prophet Mohammed while also examining the basic fundamentals of both the Christian and Islamic faiths.
1,399 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper delves into the lives and historic accomplishments of Mohammed, considered by many to be the greatest prophet of all times and Jesus, regarded by his followers as the son of God. This paper details the various similarities between the two men including the fact that both were known to spend much time in solitary contemplation and spiritual thought. Both Jesus and Mohammed preached the belief in one God. This paper also examines the dramatic differences between the two which centered around divinity. While Mohammed is seen as the most important prophet to the followers of Islam he is not regarded as a deity. On the other hand a large portion of Christians believe that Jesus is the true son of God and the cornerstone of their faith. This paper also discusses the similarities and differences in Islam and Christianity. The writer contends that followers of both Islam and Christianity feel it is their duty to spread the word about their religion in an attempt to convert others.
Table of Contents:
The Life of Jesus
The Life of Mohammed
Differences Between the Two Men
Evangelism
Sources
From the Paper
"Mohammed (Arab for "the praised one") was born to Abdallah and Amina of the family of Zuhra. He had a difficult childhood. Born into poverty, his father died around the time of his birth. When he was six years old his mother also died, and he was adopted by his grandfather, Abd-Al-Mutallib. When his grandfather died only two years later, he was adopted by his uncle, Abu Talib, who raised him and remained an important person to him for the rest of his life. Not much more about his childhood can be confirmed but when he was 2t, he married Chaddidja, a rich widow and trader. He traveled with her via caravan to fairs. This life of business made him a wealthy man, and he was able to spend much of his time alone in meditation."
| |
|
Machiavelli and Hobbes, 2006.
A look at the contribution to philosophy of Niccolo Machiavelli and Thomas Hobbes.
1,304 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines how Thomas Hobbes and Machiavelli gave us some highly acclaimed philosophical works, which contain their views on every subject connected with politics, government and rights of citizens. It looks at how Thomas Hobbes was positively influenced by Machiavelli in his views on politics and government. It also looks at how Machiavelli in his book "The Prince" focused on factors such as fear and force when describing the attributes that he felt a ruler must possess in order to rule effectively.
From the Paper
"Human nature was another very important subject of the political theories of both Hobbes and Machiavelli. Hobbes and Machiavelli's views on human nature cannot be seen as aligned to each other since the latter basically focused on wretchedness of human soul while the former was more concerned about the factors that influenced or basically created the human nature. According to Hobbes human nature could be explained in terms of voluntary and involuntary motions. (p. 118) He was of the view that men are motivated by passion such as anger, hunger, despair, joy etc. This resulted in action which could be termed either good or evil based on how it affects mankind. Machiavelli on the other hand did not believe in Hobbes' implied equality of men. "
| |
|
Tragic Heroes, 2005.
This well-researched paper reviews and analyzes the similarities and differences in the main characters of Willy Loman in Arthur Miller's "Death of a Salesman" and Oedipus in Sophocles' "Oedipus Rex."
1,939 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines Aristotle's theory which states that a hero can be tragic, but only if he comes from a noble or royal background. The Greek philosopher's theory also requires the protagonist to experience a catharsis which is necessary in tragic literature, so that the reader feels emotions of pity and fear as they witness the suffering of the main character. This paper examines how Aristotle's theory applies to both the characters of Oedipus and Willy Loman. The writer contends and explains the manner in which Willy and Oedipus suffer as the result of alternating between two emotional states which eventually reveal their tragic flaws. This paper details the various characteristics of Willy and Oedipus while citing the similarities and differences in both men. This paper explores why Oedipus and Willy are both guilty of making bad decisions which contribute to their relative flaws.
From the Paper
"Similar to Oedipus, Willy makes mistakes that reveal his tragic flaw. Willy is just as blind as Oedipus in that he refuses to see things as they really are. Willy lives and has always lived in a dream and, as a result, has never been able to face reality. It is easier for Willy to believe in the fantasy than face reality. An example of this can be seen when he believes that he will "knock Howard for a loop" (Miller II.1070-1) and he will "get an advance, and I'll come home with a New York job" (II.1071). Willy's failure to see the truth about his life is his tragic flaw. Like Oedipus, he compounds his flaw. For Willy, this manifests itself in the form of not admitting that he has made any mistakes. Because he refuses to accept Charley's job offer, he is refusing to admit that he has done anything wrong. It is easier for him to ask Charley for a loan because accepting a job would mean admitting defeat. Like Oedipus, Willy is unable to recognize the truth about his life. When it comes to tragic flaws, Oedipus and Willy share some similarities."
|
|
|
