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Herbert Spencer vs. Andrew Carnegie, 2007.
A comparison of the theories of Herbert Spencer and Andrew Carnegie regarding their views of social Darwinism.
1,039 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of social Darwinism. It specifically discusses the philosophies of social Darwinism theorists, Herbert Spencer and Andrew Carnegie with regard to their views of social Darwinism. The paper details each of their theories and then compares them, particularly with regard to how they view the amassing of wealth.
From the Paper
"Carnegie stresses that the Gospel of Wealth is one that makes the amasser of such wealth completely and totally responsible for what he has created. After minimal accommodations to ensure that your most unprotected descendants are supported through your life and death, where he stresses helping wives and daughters the most and giving little if any nominal support to sons, who hold the social responsibility and ability of creating their own wealth in life and are often simply corrupted by freely given inheritance, the cream of the crop must dispense his surplus wealth himself, while he lives, on good works. The best possible social action of the successful Social Darwinist is to give what you have amassed through the wisdom that you have gained building said fortune. Spencer and Carnegie do not outright disagree, in the natural order determining the success and progress of man in these two works yet, Carnegie caries the idea to an extreme, making it the responsibility of those who have risen to the top to offer such opportunities to the new generation of people, who through natural selection will succeed the present. (Carnegie, 1889) (Spencer, 1857)"
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Inner and Outer Morality, 2007.
This paper discusses inner and outer morality in Plato's 'Republic'.
1,155 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that, according to Socrates in Plato's Republic, morality is one of the four elements of goodness in a community. The writer notes that inner morality was the rule of reason over other parts of the mind whereby a person lets reason and rationality rule. The writer points out that Socrates argues that when there is harmony between all elements of a community, morality will emerge. The writer explains that this is outer morality. The writer concludes that for morality to exist, it is important that every single part of the community and mind must be allowed to function properly within its own limits. The writer maintains that this would create harmony and peace and these two are the essential components of inner and outer morality.
From the Paper
"The third part is self-discipline. Socrates explained that it is not easy to allow oneself to be ruled. But when every section of a community accepts its rulers and understands that some people rule while others are the ruled, they are exhibiting self-discipline. This is needed for a community to function smoothly. When all these elements are found, we realize that the ability to a community to allow every person to do his job without creating conflict is morality. This is the outer morality that helps keep a community intact."
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HP Pretexting Scandal, 2007.
This paper discusses the Hewlett-Packard ethical dilemma.
3,175 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that when looking into how a big corporation should properly conduct its business behind its own brick and mortar walls, a good place to begin would be to examine what mistakes have been made by big corporate players. The writer points out that there is no better place to begin than by studying and investigating the drama that continues to unfold at the Hewlett-Packard (HP) Company. In this case, there was pretexting at HP, and the use of this unethical, illegal procedure allowed certain persons to obtain phone records of reporters and board members who were possible suspects in the leaking of inside HP information to the media. The writer discusses the ongoing power and legal struggles associated with the Hewlett-Packard scandal in Silicon Valley.
Outline:
Introduction
The New Yorker Article
From the Paper
"The true background of this confusing and twisted tale of corporate ethical lapses is becoming a must-read for students in Ethics classes around the country. Indeed, when David Packard and Bill Hewlett launched HP in a Palo Alto garage in 1957, little did either of those men realize what a giant and powerful technology corporation HP would turn out to be - with revenues in excess of $90 billion annually."
"Nor did they, or could they, have known that corporate leaks from power-hungry insiders would lead to an embarrassing and very public scandal in 2005 and 2006. Certainly they couldn't know that the corruption inside HP would be so serious and have such enormous implications for the company (and the technology world) that it would require congressional hearings to delve into its mysterious and evil plots and subplots, along with the willing and innocent participants. "
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Franz Kafka and Modernism, 2007.
This paper explores the central meaning and intention in Kafka's works and relates this to the Modernist movement.
2,515 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at how Franz Kafka is one of the most enigmatic and interesting figures in literature. The writer notes that Kafka's work has left an enduing impression on world literature as well as on popular culture. The writer discusses and explains the term "Kafkaesque", which has entered into ordinary vocabulary and conversation. The writer concludes that the works of Franz Kafka are representative of the central ethos and tents of the Modernist movement in literature. Further, the writer points out that Kafka's central themes, which emanate from a critique of his contemporary world, are the dislocation of identity and meaning and modern despair and confusion.
Outline:
Introduction
Modernism
Kafka, Alienation and Modernism
From the Paper
"From the point of view of world literature, the works of Franz Kafka have created a specific genre or literary niche. Much of the value of his writing lies however in the fact that it forms part of a general trend of literature in the 20th century. This is the Modernist movement in thought and art. Many critics are of the opinion that Kafka is closely aligned to the central movements in thought and literature during that period associated with Modernism; such as existentialism. In essence, the writings of Franz Kafka have become an integral part of the body of work written in the first half of the Twentieth Century that has become known as Modernism."
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Termination Process, 2007.
This paper looks at the debate regarding total parenteral nutrition treatments.
3,009 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that when there are patients receiving treatments or interventions that keep them alive, one may face the decision of whether to discontinue treatment. The writer offers the example of an adult male patient at the HIV Treatment Center on dialysis for acute renal failure and mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure. The writer notes that in this case the total parenteral nutrition (TPN) treatments are no longer of benefit, even though the patient's family wants them continued. The writer maintains that if life expectancy can be prolonged with additional chemotherapy, it may be reasonable to give TPN to allow the patient to enjoy that benefit. However, the writer concludes that in the case where additional chemotherapy offers no substantial increase in quantity or quality of life, TPN could become another burden for the patient without any meaningful benefit, and ought to be withheld.
Outline:
Transference and Counter transference
Futility Judgments
Debating Cardiopulmonary Arrest and Resuscitation
From the Paper
"Transference and countertransference are both normal phenomena that may arise during the course of the therapeutic relationship. Transference is the tendency on the part of the patient to "transfer" past feelings, conflicts, and attitudes into situations, circumstances and present relationships. According to psychoanalytic theory, transference evolves from unresolved or unsatisfactory childhood experiences in relationships with parents or other important figures. From a behavioral orientation, patients may have developed habit-forming patterns in how they relate and interact with others. These habits involve development of attitudes and ideas based on the learning and retention of information from past relationships. The habits learned from past relationships may create behavioral and thought patterns in subsequent relationships, even though the actions and attitudes may be inappropriate for the current relationship. As caregivers have frequent contact with patients, the potential for caregivers to be objects of transference is significant."
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Ancient Buddhism, 2007.
A discussion regarding ancient Buddhism and it's philosophical impact on the aesthetic values of the period.
1,612 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an examination of acient Buddhism and how its philosophical position impacted the aesthetic values of the period. The paper explores the Buddhist faith to understand what the aesthetic values were at that time and then relates them to that period in society and how they correlate.
Outline:
Introduction
One Man's Tale
Bringing it All Together
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Years ago when the Mafia was in its height it was rumored if one received the gift of a black rose in the mail or in person it signaled the receiver's impending death. The color of White in the Buddhist ancient faith has to do with rest and thinking. It is interesting to note that this still carries true across geographic and societal boundaries. Marketing companies have capitalized on this belief through the use of marketing products such as "White Linen" as being restful and peaceful as well.
The Buddhist faith believes that the color Yellow has to do with restfulness and nourishment."
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Free Will, 2007.
An analysis of the ethical considerations surrounding the existence of free will.
1,091 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper challenges the naturalists' critiques of free will. It begins by describing the naturalists' arguments against the existence of free will. The paper then discusses the opposing position that free will does exist. The paper also discusses the opposite end of the philosophical spectrum from free will which is fatalism, or sometimes determinism. It discusses these concepts from an ethical standpoint and particularly focuses on moral responsibility.
From the Paper
"It would seem, then, that free will is not only necessary from an ethical standpoint, but that it is entirely consistent with the world that we experience around us. Free will can be influenced by the outside causes, but these causes are not the end to the story of choice and volition as the naturalists would claim. Rather, the individual possesses the ability to interpret and choose based on those influences--and any other internal or external factors--and make decisions wholly independent of the world. That is the basis for free will, which will remain the core of ethical and moral responsibility for human beings."
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Traditional Naturalist Claims: The Problems Therein, 2007.
A discussionon the philosophical position of naturalism.
993 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the concept of naturalism. According to the paper, naturalism believes that the world is constructed and ordered in purely material terms, but there is little evidence to suggest that this is the whole story. The paper goes on to say that naturalism fails as a useful, empirical explanation of the universe because it imagines itself to be somehow above and outside of the influence of wishful thinking.
From the Paper
"In the same vein, naturalists imagine that all situations and circumstances in the universe have a mechanical explanation; i.e., it is possible to provide a natural explanation of every phenomenon (Dubray par. 3). Worse, this obviously ideological position is not supported by anything but the naturalist's wishful thinking. For example, though evolution is the source of heated debate, no self-respecting scientist would argue that contradictory evidence or poor understanding is a challenge to the eventual discovery of the mechanisms of evolution (Johnson par. 8). There is never a doubt in the head of the naturalist that evolution, or any other complex and poorly understood subject, has a natural explanation that can be reasoned out through an examination of possible natural mechanisms. But, of course, this position is not a function of empirical fact, and it would be a stretch to definitely state that macroevolution is well documented at the empirical level. Rather, the faith in evolution as a mechanism of species change is based on the philosophical presupposition of naturalism, not evidence that such a mechanism actually exists (Johnson par. 3)."
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American Transcendentalism, 2007.
This paper analyzes the transcendentalist school, known as American Transcendentalism, a movement started in the nineteenth century in New England with the publication of Ralph Waldo Emerson's essay "Nature".
1,240 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the concept of transcendentalism is often used in religious and philosophical debates to describe the characteristic of divinity, the feature of God to transcend being and the immanent world. The author relates that famous intellectuals of the time such as Ralph Waldo Emerson, George Putnam, Elisabeth Palmer Peabody and Frederick Henry Hedge shaped this movement with the founding of the Transcendental Club in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1836. The paper concludes that the philosophy and evolution of the philosophical and religious perspective of transcendentalism should be seen only within the larger frame of the dominant ideology of the time and of the epistemological barriers and rigid framework, which were dominant in the universities of the time.
From the Paper
"For Emerson, on the other hand, the unity between the soul and the nature is announced even since the publication of his work "Nature". Here, he expressed that all the beings in the Nature are interconnected with each other and with the infinite Oversoul, or Nature. The reverberations of individual acts are felt within the entire system as consequences and the individual has not only the ability to decide autonomously about his acts, but also the duty to deal with the consequences of his own actions, when confronted to his own internal intuition, with his soul."
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Philosophy of Education, 2007.
This paper discusses philosophy as it relates to educational institutions.
830 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer discusses that philosophies of education evolve in response to social and political changes. Moreover, the writer notes that philosophies of education reflect shifts in personal and collective consciousness, which also impact the form and function of schools.
While structure is an essential component in educational institutions, so too is an exploration of meaning. The writer maintains that when students are creatively engaged they maximize their learning potential regardless of grades and other formal means of assessment. The writer also explains that her personal philosophy of education combines pragmatism with idealism by putting feminist ideals into practice each and every day.
From the Paper
"Before discussing a philosophy of education it may be helpful to define terms and clarify meanings. Education serves both personal-psychological and social functions. On the one hand, education exists and should always exist outside of the social institutions that support it formally. In other words, the school is only one of many vehicles for education. Learning is also far more than the acquisition of information-based knowledge; education entails the exploration of various modes of thinking. We teach how to think, not what to think. Creativity is therefore an essential component to my personal philosophy of education, but creativity grounded in the type of pragmatic learning emphasized by John Dewey."
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John Locke's "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding", 2007.
This paper analyzes the critical debate surrounding John Locke's "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding".
1,560 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that John Locke's "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding" is especially important because his writings inspired Thomas Jefferson's participation in the Declaration of Independence. The author points out that scholars also are attracted to Locke's "Essay" because he draws a provocative line between what he sees as primary and secondary qualities. The paper concludes that, regardless of the haggling of scholars and philosophy students, Locke is justified in drawing distinctions between primary and secondary qualities because distinctions between all worldly matter is a requirement of life.
From the Paper
"Yolton follows that with what he believes Locke really meant; "The mental content of any act of awareness or thought" is an "idea" to Locke. But as to the primary qualities, on page 130, Yolton breaks Locke's concept of an object into five "propositions." One, objects "have primary qualities non-relationally"; two, objects are observed "or perceived" to have both primary and secondary qualities"; three, the qualities that one can observe to be "dependent upon other objects" are both "perceivers and other bodies"; four, ideas of primary qualities and primary qualities themselves are connected ..."
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Timothy Sermon, 2007.
This paper analyzes 2 Timothy 4:2 from the King James Bible.
1,024 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that 2 Tim 4:2 teaches us how to live in this world. The writer maintains that it is a proactive passage, one that focuses on the footwork we must do to help create God's kingdom on earth. The writer points out that we are urged to speak with and from our heart of hearts the good news of the gospel. Further, the writer suggest that to be instant suggests spontaneity: the joy that derives from expressing the instantaneous glory of God. Moreover, the writer claims that we become instantly available as reliable messengers. In addition, the writer believes that the people around us respond when we come from the heart and thus we help spread the gospel.
From the Paper
"Out of season we become willing to swim against the tide, delivering the word of God even when it seems no one is listening or even that no one cares. In the current day and age, the moral and spiritual climate may appear out of season. It is in times like these that our work is most important. Being instant in this case signifies swiftness of spirit: the willingness to jump at any available opportunity to offer aid or assistance in the name of Christ. Though the gospel may be out of season, out of fashion, or out of place, the word of God still resonates within you. Therefore, preaching the word and being instant in season and out of season entails both inner and outer work. In the world, we take these words literally by speaking frankly about the gospel of Christ. For ourselves, we read, we re-read, and we re-apply the principles of the gospel in everything we do, say, and think. Even when you do not preach formally you can still be a role model that proves how God works through mankind."
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Aristotle and Ethics, 2007.
This paper studies Aristotle's views on virtue and ethics.
2,056 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that in the second book of the Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle defines the relation between character and virtue as being mediated by or depending on the two antagonist feelings of pleasure and pain. The writer then points out that Aristotle's proposition that virtue is about pleasure and pain implies that goodness is inevitably related to the feelings that accompany an action. In this way, one sees that, for Aristotle, the optimal actions of a certain human being are the result of the virtuous character, which is in fact, a state of the soul. The writer notes that the virtuous character is in its turn, determined by the other states, or the feelings of pleasure and pain experienced in a certain situation or when performing a particular action. The writer concludes that Aristotle's implication is that no action is good of itself, unless supported by the proper feelings, and that this would be the essence of ethics.
From the Paper
"Thus, it is imperative to discriminate between, for example, an individual who abstains and enjoys abstaining, and an individual who is equally abstinent, but does this with great pain. The distinction between these two apparently identical and good actions is, according to Aristotle, precisely one of virtue of character."
"This is why, in his view the reaction of either pleasure or pain to a certain situation or state of facts always determines the character of a certain person. However, to attain virtue is not at all simple, given the fact that, as Aristotle asserts we are used to indulging in wrong actions that provide us with pleasure."
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Creativity and Madness, 2007.
This paper studies the correlation between mental illness and creative ability.
1,189 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that for many years, experts have studied the possible link between creativity and madness. Throughout history, some of the most creative people on earth have behaved in ways that seemed outside of the norm. The writer discusses a study that indicates that while mental illness does not have to accompany creativity, there is a connection between the two in many cases.The writer points out that recent scientific research concluded that there are more mentally ill people in the creative professions and arts than there are in the scientific or business world. The writer concludes that these studies lend credibility to the thought that creativity and madness are closely linked.
From the Paper
"It is commonly believed by experts in the mental health field, that mood disorders are sometimes responsible for the enhancement of creativity. Bipolar patients will stop taking medications because they believe it stunts their creative flow and they are unable to write or compose while taking them."
"The study into the correlation between mental illness and creative ability, gathered intensive biographies of more than 1,000 people, over a decade long period. They were all deceased by the time the study took place, and they had all lived in the 20th century. This was important as it leveled the playing field and removed the ability to attribute differences to cultural or evolutionary processes."
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