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Presidential Campaign Song, 2002.
Examines the impact of music on American presidential campaigns.
2,312 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
Music has influenced both written and verbal forms of discourse in our society since our nation was founded. The most significant of these has been music's influence on political campaigns and speeches. The paper shows that the advent of the 'campaign song' has had a tremendous impact on political campaigns since President Washington was in office. The paper traces the use of popular songs in presidential campaigns from 1797 when John Adams popularized 'Star-Spangled Banner.' It continues with the impact television on the presidential song and looks at the more bizarre choices, such as Ronald Reagan's use of "Born in the U.S.A" by anti-Republican, Bruce Springsteen. The paper also touches on 'opposition' songs.
From the Paper
"Following Reagan, President George Bush Sr. picked campaign songs that were geared towards "grandfatherly appeal with both "God Bless the U.S.A." and "This Land is Your Land" - a Woody Guthrie song from 1940 repopularized in the 1960s." (Segan) The song "This Land is Your Land" features strange lyrics for a campaign song as well. "One bright sunny morning in the shadow of the steeple / By the relief office I saw my people / As they stood hungry, I stood there wondering if / This land was made for you and me." The most recent American Presidential campaigns, featuring Al Gore and George W. Bush, also used songs already written, which featured lyrics that were geared towards middle class and working class Americans."
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Four Functions of Myth, 2002.
Discusses four functions of myth pertaining to the Native American Hopi culture.
2,270 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and analyzes the topic of the functions of myth, as defined by author Joseph Campbell in his book, "The Power of Myth". Specifically, it explains Campbell's four functions of myth and show how they are demonstrated in Native American Hopi culture. The Hopis of Northern Arizona epitomize the four functions of myth in their culture and society. Their society is based on myth, religion and spiritual celebration and they have held on to these myths when many other tribes have turned away from their spiritual and mythical past. The paper shows that the Hopi's myths relate to the earth, the natural world surrounding them and their dependence on this natural world for their survival. They understand the importance of myth in a healthy society and, because of this, they have one of the longest surviving Native American societies in the Southwest desert.
From the Paper
"The priests in the ceremony carry the snakes in their mouths as they circle a central plaza in the village where the ceremony is performed. After several groups of priests make their way around the plaza with the snakes, the snakes are gathered up by "snake gatherers," and carried out into the desert below the mesas, where they are released. If the dance is performed correctly, the Hopis believe it will bring rain (O'Kane 196-205). The Snake Dance is an excellent example of myth in its purest form, as it is the physical acting out of only one of the most important and vital Hopi myths. The myth relates directly to the health and well being of the community, and celebrates the wonder of the rain and the snakes and their relationship to the natural (and unnatural) world. It is their belief the snakes can communicate with the spirits who will send the rain, and to make the spirits happy, they must use just the right snakes, and then send them home (their release in the desert) to carry their message."
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Microeconomic Principles and Song, 2002.
Discusses how issues of microeconomics are incorporated into Garth Brooks' song "We Shall Be Free".
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The principles of microeconomics are not just important to economists and scholars, the principles apply to many aspects of society that impact everyone. Microeconomics considers how goods are produced, how people create their income and how people make decisions to spend that income. In short, microeconomics refers to aspects of life that people encounter every day. With this relevance of microeconomics to everyday life, it is not surprising that principles of economics can be found in many places, including in the lyrics of songs. To illustrate how the principles of microeconomics are referred to in a song, Garth Brooks' "We Shall Be Free" is used as an example. Considering the lyrics of this song, it is seen that various items are mentioned that relate to microeconomics. As well as describing these items, the analysis also extends to a brief discussion of why they are important to people.
From the Paper
"The lyrics of We Shall Be Free includes the following lines, "And when money talks for the very last time / And nobody walks a step behind / ... / Then we shall be free." This statement from the lyrics goes against the principles of the market economy and the concept of fairness in the market economy. "When money talks for the very last time" refers to money not having power. The market economy of current society is based on money as power, since money is the means to obtaining necessary and desired goods and services. If money did not 'talk' in modern society, why would people work? It is fair to suggest that most people would not work if what they obtained from that work was worthless to them. If people did not work, companies would not be producing the goods that people buy with the money they work for. This illustrates that the lyrics suggest a different view of economics than what society is currently based on. The line "And nobody walks a step behind" also suggests that everyone is equal. "
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Roman Music, 2002.
Musical instruments used in ancient Rome.
2,750 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
Ancient Rome had an impressive and varied musical tradition. There were many different traditions in Roman music and many different situations in which music was used by the Romans. The paper shows that music was often played at large events at which masses of people gathered, such as gladiatorial fights, festivals and banquets. There was also a tradition of popular music for stringed instruments, such as the kithara, which greatly resembles our modern guitar. The paper shows that there was also a tradition of more refined classical-type chamber music that was played for the wealthy and the important citizens of Rome at gatherings and parties. In order to accommodate so many diverse styles of music, it was necessary that the Romans develop an impressive array of musical instruments proper to each style. The paper discusses the instruments developed by the Romans, including the lyre, the harp, the kithara, the lute, the flute, the panpipes and the tympani, as well as trumpets and vast array of different percussive instruments. The paper shows that these instruments, many of which antedate Roman society, were employed in Roman music for a variety of different ends and with a series of different purposes, all of which testifies to the complexity and impressive diversity that comprises the Roman musical tradition.
From the Paper
"The kithara was perhaps the most famous, oft-used, and most romanticized instrument played by Roman musicians. The most impressive players of the kithara were said to be able to literally make the instrument weep through their deft manipulation of the strings. The kithara was very similar to our modern guitar, and, indeed, the word guitar can trace its etymology back to the roman word kithara. The kithara was larger than either the lyre or lute and it was also heavier. The kithara, however, was also able to be tuned much more precisely than either of those instruments could be and it was loud and had a more trebly and piercing tone that distinguished it from those other instruments. Popular players of the kithara who wrote and sang songs were known as the citharista, and the most popular of them were respected and lauded as much as the popular musical virtuosos of our own day are. The number of strings was at least more than the lute, but the evolution of the guitar up till the present day has included changes in the number of strings on the instrument."
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Wiccan Music, 2002.
A brief explanation of Wiccan music.
1,354 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the roots of Wiccan music. The paper looks at the different types of instruments used and how the music moves participants into meditative states. Wiccan music comes in many forms and uses a variety of traditional instruments and incantations to create themes and messages. The paper begins by defining what Wiccan music is and explains Wiccan music can include new age, Celtic, gothic and even electronic.
From the Paper
"Basically, any type of music attempts to recreate the sounds that we hear in nature, like tones, the sound of birds, wind, and water. We often use instruments to imitate the sounds we have heard. Wiccan music is steeped in nature as is the religion itself. Because Wiccan music also involves rituals, drums are widely used and traditionally have been associated with inducing trances or a calming state in individuals."
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Egyptian Souls, 2002.
A discussion of Ancient Egyptian concepts of the soul and the Messianic message of the Cruxshadows' "Angel Cycle".
1,949 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Egyptian mystics were the first to conceptualize a coherent theory of the human soul and how remarkably, their theories also bear many striking resemblances to modern theories of the conscious and subconscious. It shows how being both ancient and relevant, it is no surprise that Egyptian mythologies and theoretical constructs have had a great influence on many artists. It looks at how among artworks bearing an obvious debt to Egyptian theories of the Soul are those of the founder of the Cruxshadows, an American-based artist who is wildly successful in Germany. It evaluates how despite the fact that Egyptian soul theories have influenced the entire course of modern thought, particularly in their influence on Greek and Hebrew thought, they remain immensely confusing to modern researchers.
From the Paper
"The Cruxshadows are an independent musical group primarily consisting of an artist named Rogue and his accompanying musicians. (Incidentally, "Rogue" is the only name by which the artist in question is known, having used it exclusively since early childhood.) In America they are not particularly well known, due to the highly academic nature of some of their work, however they have reached super-star status in much of Europe, particularly in Germany and Austria. Much of Rogue's work deals with mythological and classical tradition applied to futuristic concepts, and he is particularly concerned with Egyptian mythology and history. According to the Book of Cruxshadows (an independent organization devoted in part to the scholarly study of "Cruxshadowian" lore), the entirety of Rogue's available work deals with a single over-arching story called the Angel Cycle."
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The Latin American Music Industry, 2002.
An analysis of the recent decline of the Latin American music industry with proposal of innovative new solutions to re-infuse the market
1,194 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper assesses the techniques and methodologies that fuel the fire behind a potentially future global leader in the music industry, the Latin American Recording Industry. It evaluates the market considerations that will become increasingly important if the market is to continue to expand successfully. It also proposes solutions to the recent decline in Latin American music sales, following the boom of the nineties.
It presents viable alternatives, solutions and innovations for the Latin American music industry, through a detailed analysis of several market characteristics and considerations, including trends, socioeconomic and ethno-musicological factors.
From the Paper
"Since the 1990's however, the Latin American recording industry has witnessed a decline in growth. Sales, which during the nineties accounted for as much as 7% of the world market, now only account for approximately 4%. A large majority of the recent decline is due to changing market considerations and global trends, socioeconomic factors and technological advances. As the Latin American music market moves into the global market, the use of the internet becomes increasingly critical to success. One of the difficulties faced not only by the Latin American Market, but by all music entrepreneurs is the growing threat of piracy, which technology has enabled."
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Alberto Williams and Nationalism, 2002.
Discusses the rise of Argentinian nationalism and the effect that Alberto Williams' music may have had on it.
2,780 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 19 sources, APA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper first examines the societal, political and cultural factors in Argentina that coalesced to create a foundation upon which nationalism could blossom and then looks at how Alberto Williams' music helped inspire further feelings of nationalism amongst the citizens of Argentina. Consideration is also given to Argentinian art and its effects on nationalism.
From the Paper
"Generally speaking, the term nationalism is used to describe a sense of identification which individuals within a society or culture share regarding their state of residence. Most countries are characterized by this identification to some degree or other and Argentina is no exception. However, if one considers the fact that Argentina has been an independent country since 1810, what is striking is how long a true sense of nationalism took to fully blossom (Douglas). Specific to the topic of this paper, Alberto Williams was not born until 1862. Furthermore, his music would not have been able to affect the listeners in his country until he reached adulthood and was able to actually compose it. Then one must consider that the music would have had to have been accepted by Argentine society and then disseminated across a wide enough area of the country where it could actually have any sort of influence."
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"The Beggar's Opera", 2002.
A brief review of "The Beggar's Opera" written by John Gay, the first ballad opera in the English language.
1,458 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the use of satire, metaphor and simile in Gay's "The Beggar's Opera". It shows how Gay used his opera to satirize the society of his time, but that this satirization was not derogatory or moralistic enough to give much offense. It shows how Gay's entire cast of characters play the role of metaphor depicting social ills of the time.
From the Paper
"In satirizing the conventions of opera and romance, the Beggar's Opera arranges a meeting of opposites. Macheath the criminal thus refers to himself as a "man of honor". Instead of the expected nobleman, this man of honor is a mere criminal, but he is more than that. Gay turns him into a metaphor for the hypocrisy of those who like to believe in their own heroics. Specifically, Macheath represents the aristocrat and the army officer. His affectations and efforts at romance later in the opera reflect this."
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"The Sound of Music", 2002.
This paper explores the film musical "The Sound of Music".
1,987 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
The "Sound of Music" is considered by many to be one of the most successful musicals of all time. This paper provides a textual and contextual critique of this musical film. It determines why the film is considered to be a musical, what iconography or thematic elements tie the film to the musical genre, as well as how the film's use of genre reflects the time it was made. The contemporary issues or concerns which are embedded in the film are also identified in the critique.
From the Paper
"The Sound of Music is based on the book "The Story of the Trapp Family Singers" as told by Maria von Trapp. While Maria was waiting for a forgotten instrument at a concert, she kept the audience entertained by telling stories about her large, adventurous family. A gentleman backstage approached her, suggesting she write a book about her family. After Maria stated she "preferred telling the stories, he offered to write the book for her (http://www.foxhome.com/soundofmusic/som.html)"."
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The Blues, 2002.
A review of three musical pieces: Sonny's Blues" by James Baldwin, "The Sorrow Songs" by W.E.B. Du Bois, and "Am I Blue" by Alice Walker.
1,403 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to discuss and analyze the three works "Sonny's Blues," by James Baldwin, "The Sorrow Songs," by W.E.B. Du Bois, and "Am I Blue," by Alice Walker. Specifically, it discusses the use of the blues in all three works, and how music influences each story. The writer argues that music, specifically the blues, plays an important and valuable role in supporting the characters and making the stories more believable and moving.
From the Paper
"Each author uses the blues in a different way, but the music plays an important part in each story, making them more readable, and the characters more sympathetic to the reader. The blues is a form of music that originated in black Harlem in New York City in the 1920s and 1930s. It has always been a kind of melancholy music that illustrates the unhappiness and unsettled lives of black Americans."
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Music Effect on Shopping Habits, 2002.
A research design examining the effects of music on grocery store shopper habits.
2,654 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper details a research design which will follow the hypothesis that when music is played, regardless of the type of music played, that shoppers will spend more time and more money as opposed to the amount of time and money spent when the music is not being played. It provides a methodology explanation, limitations of the study and implications of the study.
From the Paper
"Marketers continuously attempt to influence shopper habits by manipulating their environment. It has been known since the early 1970s that factors such as lighting, layout, sounds, colors and temperature invoke emotional responses in consumers (Kotler, 1973). Research has shown that the amount of time spent in a restaurant was directly related to the amount of money spent (Caldwell and Hibbert, 2002). Musical preferences were found to play a factor in the restaurant experience. However, the tempo of the music was not found to be significant (Caldwell and Hibbert, 2002). Several researchers have focused on the effects of music on consumer behavior (North, Hargreaves, and McKendrick, 1996; Yalch & Spangenberg, 1990; Milliman, 1982)."
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Piracy in the Brazilian Music Industry, 2002.
An examination of methods to reduce the phenomenon of piracy in the Brazilian music industry.
2,158 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how music piracy is a rampant problem that results in enormous losses on behalf of the international music industry. It focuses on this problem in Brazil and examines possible solutions to this increasing phenomena. In order to understand why this problem is so rampant in Brazil, the writer also gives an overview of the Brazilian music market.
From the Paper
"Piracy is sometimes thought by some to be a victimless crime. However, the music industry would argue to the contrary. There are enormous economic losses incurred due to piracy, and the effects are felt through all levels of the music industry. Piracy affects artists whose creativity is dispersed without credit. Governments are also affected through the loss of several millions of dollars in tax revenue. In addition, economies are deprived of new investment and consumers are given less diversity and choice in the marketplace. Moreover, record producers are left with no choice but to reduce the number of artists they produce because of the losses due to piracy (IFPI, 2002)."
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Life After Napster, 2002.
Discusses the position of the internet music-swapping market after Napster was forced to close its site.
1,332 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Napster, first started by college student Shawn Fanning in 1999, that facilitated the sharing of recorded songs over the Internet. It shows the way Napster operated until its shut down in September of 2002, due to multiple charges that the website violated copyright infringement. The paper then looks at the void left in the market by Napster and shows how other entrepreneurs are looking for legal ways to enter the market for digitized music files.
From the Paper
"Anticipating the void left by Napster, various other individuals began working on alternatives that would still allow the swapping of music files without violating the law. Ian Clarke, a programmer in England, designed a program to facilitate untraceable files. His program would allow anything to be traded, including pornography. He said that those who made their money on copyrights should just find another way to make their living (Levy, 2000). He did not explain how anyone could profit from writing songs without copyright protection. In addition, what is untraceable now may well be traceable in the future, and it is unlikely that all nations of the world will do away with copyright law."
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Japanese Art and Music, 2002.
An examination of the roots and influences of Japanese art and music.
1,326 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Japanese art is an impressive entity complete in itself with a unique identity of its own. It looks at how the field doesn't primarily focus on paintings or prints and how instead everything, from sculpture to temple carvings occupy an important place in Japanese art. It analyzes its history of art by looking at different cultural influences. It also examines how Japanese music today is a rich amalgam of western and eastern traditions and how no matter how westernized the music becomes, the Japanese music industry cannot fully abandon the influence of eastern musical techniques because of its long and very vibrant history.
From the Paper
"Japanese music can technically be arranged into two broad categories: western and traditional composed in major and minor pentatonic scales. While there are various technical differences in western music of Japan and that of the rest of the world, still these are two categories that presently prevail in modern Japan. It is easier for the youth to identify with western style of music however Japan boasts of a long series of famous traditional singers who left an indelible mark the global music scene. One such singer was Misora Hibari who was born in 1937. The music scene in Japan is not only alive, it is constantly changing and adapting to the modern world around. This is probably the best way Japan can connect with the western societies and emerge out of the shackles of its restrictive traditions."
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