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Herbert Reaver and Chiropractic Medicine, 2008.
This paper explores the history of chiropractic medicine and Herbert Reaver's accomplishments.
1,589 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the history of chiropractic medicine in general. The paper then looks at Herbert Reaver's career and describes his singular willingness to stand up against the established medical community and assert the legitimacy of chiropractic. The paper details how Reaver fought both for the legitimacy of chiropractic and against the legal practices that actively discriminated against his profession.
From the Paper
"Like many medical pioneers, Herbert Ross Reaver was persecuted, reviled, and harassed by the public, the press, and the medical establishment. Indeed, he even holds the distinction as the most arrested and jailed chiropractic doctor in the history of the practice. What marks Reaver's career as unique was his singular willingness to stand up against the established medical community and assert the legitimacy of chiropractic. While the history of chiropractic medicine extends to slightly before Dr. Reaver's time, his strident position, his challenges and assertions, and his constant championing of chiropractic throughout his entire life and career map nearly directly with the ascendancy and recognized legitimacy of the practice. Indeed, Herbert Reaver's history is that of chiropractic."
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Dirty Washrooms at Ryerson, 2006.
An examination of the dirty women's washrooms at Ryerson University in Canada.
947 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This report examines a very specific problem that developed at Ryerson University. The problem that is examined is the dirty women's washrooms around campus. The paper explains the methodology used for the report and then looks at the organization structure of the cleaning department. The writer attempts to analyze the extent of the problem based on the data received from a survey handed out to female students. The writer also offers possible solutions to this problem. A copy of the survey is attached to this report as Appendix 1 and a
copy of the results of the survey is attached as Appendix 2.
Outline:
Introduction
Methodology
Results
Organizational Structural Issues
Discussion of Results
Call to Action
From the Paper
"Social life in most societies is organized along institutional lines. An institution is defined as, "A society or corporation especially of a public character" (Anonymous 272). Institutions include families, marriages, schools and churches. The fact that institutions are so common in our society means that we largely take them for granted. People often fail to realize that institutions are composed of people and that the activities of these people determine how an institution will operate. The way that an institution operates is often referred to as organization culture."
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Lead-Contaminated Drinking Water, 2008.
This paper explains that lead contamination of drinking water is a serious and persistent health issue in the developed world.
1,170 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that the negative health effects of lead-contaminated drinking water are significant and occur at very low concentrations. The author points out that the primary source for contamination has been identified as corroding plumbing, which means that almost the whole of the developed world is faced with this danger. The paper urges that samples of real-world concentrations of lead in the drinking water supplies in the developed world should be taken from residential, commercial, industrial, and public buildings. The author suggests that this information should be used to develop public health policies.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
Discussion and Analysis
Summary of Findings
From the Paper
"Even at very low levels of lead exposure, individuals can experience measurable and permanent neurological damage. This is especially true for the young. Bryant (2004) contends that children are most susceptible to lead exposure from birth until the age of six. This is consistent with remarks by Watt et al. (1996), who outline the effects of minimal lead exposure to infants via drinking water--from bottle feeding, breast, or directly from the mother's blood before birth. Watt et al. (1996) points out that exposure to low levels of lead in infants has been positively correlated to decreases in intelligence over the course of an individual's life."
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Breastfeeding and Bonding, 2007.
A discussion of whether breast-feeding affects the mother-child relationship.
1,401 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes two research papers which examine the correlation between breastfeeding and bonding. This paper briefly examines the results of social influences on women who choose breastfeeding and those who choose bottle-feeding. It explains how research has revealed the inadequacy of the medical profession on the argument of breastfeeding versus bottle-feeding and how this is a serious problem. The paper concludes that more research is necessary in order to determine whether breastfeeding does affect the mother-infant bond.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature on the Breastfeeding Vs. Bottle-feeding Debate
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The cliche that breastfeeding is preferable over bottle-feeding because it helps forge a mother-daughter bond is a common one. Though medical evidence regarding this belief is lacking, general sentiment to date tends to revolve around a preference toward breastfeeding. The number of women who choose to breastfeed their children is growing, primarily owing to public and government health initiatives. However, are women really selecting breastfeeding over bottle-feeding in other to forge a mother-daughter bond? Or are other factors more instrumental?"
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Discrimination Against Fat People, 2007.
An examination of the oppression and discrimination against fat people - fat prejudice.
2,212 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
In this paper the writer argues that the effects of oppression and discrimination against fat people exact a heavy toll, especially on women. It shows that there are health advantages in being fat, that the dangers of fat are over-rated, especially in relation to women, and that the health dangers of being too thin are systematically under-rated. This paper explains that the true problem is fat prejudice, not the so-called obesity epidemic. The writer points out that fat prejudice works in favor of the powerful diet industry, giving rise to the suspicion that fat prejudice is fanned in the media due to the influence of this industry.
From the Paper
"The media constantly tells us that thin people are healthy and beautiful, and that fat people are unhealthy and ugly. However, it is argued that the health dangers of obesity are hugely over-rated, for a variety of reasons. These include the interests of the multi-million dollar diet industry, as well as the fact that coercing women into worrying constantly about their weight is an effective part of the anti-feminist backlash, ensuring that women waste their energy on frivolous matters. Moreover, it will be argued that the greatest threat to the mental and physical health of fat people is not their fat, but rather fat oppression: the discrimination that fat people face in our fat-phobic society."
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Odor and Memory in Humans, 2007.
This paper explains olfaction is closely related to the limbic system, which plays a role in directing both emotions and memory.
2,445 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that the sense of smell is related to spatial memory in a residual feature shared with other vertebrates that are also able to recognize and become reoriented towards a place by way of olfactory reminders. The author points out that only two synapses separate the human olfactory nerve from the amygdala involved in emotion and emotional memory, and only three synapses separate the olfactory nerve from the hippocampus implicated in memory and especially, working and long term memory. The paper states that neurobiological and other studies pertaining to olfaction and memory have explored such topics as social membership, interaction and recognition.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Indications of Evolution
Amnosmia
More on Human Olfaction and Other Primates
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"This 'Proust Effect' has been noted in various other kinds of survivors and often, many years after other reminders of unwanted, often terrible experiences have subsided. A particular smell of which the person may barely be aware till encountered can create intense emotional memories and upset. It is known that olfactory neurons are unmyleinated as makes them the slowest of those associated with the different senses but also makes perceived smells last longer than those of vision or audition. "
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Spread of HIV/AIDS in Uganda, 2006.
An examination of the problem of the continuing spread of HIV/AIDS within communities in Uganda.
1,131 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to address the problem of the spread of HIV/AIDS within in Uganda through the use of a grassroots level preventive intervention aimed at high-risk individuals in geographically proximal villages and small towns. Seronegative individuals at high-risk for acquiring HIV are the target participants towards which the intervention is aimed.
Outline:
Project Overview
Summary of the Research Project: Background, Hypotheses, General Objectives, Specific Objectives, Research Design.
Training Expectations
From the Paper
"According to UNAIDS (2006) "people living with HIV, women, young people and other most-at-risk populations, such as sex workers, men who have sex with men, drug users and prisoners, should play a major role in the setting of national targets" (p. 9). This is an unambiguous call for aggressive stances to be taken in the fight to quell the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Uganda and other afflicted countries. Furthermore, one must take a pragmatic approach to the problem in question, as resources such as drugs are not always affordable, if not consistently available. This would entail implementing cost-effective measures such as primary prevention that was specific in targeting reservoirs and "vectors" for the transmission of disease.
In particular, inconsistent behavioral responses to HIV/AIDS are particularly notorious for impeding the progress of HIV/AIDS prevention. "
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Determinants of Health, 2008.
An analysis of the importance of the determinants of health in action to promote population health.
1,704 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the community health care process in Canada. It describes examples of Native people and their health issues, such as substance abuse and the homeless and extremely poor people and their poor health, to describe and illustrate the determinants of health. The paper discusses how an approach based on the determinants of health can be used to promote population health.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Determinants of Health
Determinants of Health in Action
Assessment
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The determinants of health are all interrelated. They reveal that the most disadvantaged and marginalized populations are the most vulnerable to disease and to chronic health conditions. The groups that are most susceptible to health problems are those who live in conditions of poverty with other associated conditions such as overcrowding, malnutrition and inadequate hygiene. All the determinants of health must be taken into account, but they are not uniform in their application. They provide a guide for the nursing process."
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Consequences of the Black Death, 2008.
An analysis of the causes, as well as the economic, social and cultural consequences of the Black Death.
2,024 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This presents the causes of the Black Death and explains how it was able to spread so far and so quickly. It also discusses the immediate and long-term economic, social and cultural consequences of the Black Death, in late medieval England. The paper shows how the causes, spread and the various consequences of the Black Death were all related to new trends in population. The paper includes an annotated bibliography.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Causes
The Spread of the Black Death
Immediate Consequences of Black Death
Long-term Consequences of Black Death
Conclusion
From the Paper
"At the heart of the Black Death are changes in population trends. Those changing trends such as urbanization, emigration, and new trading structures caused the Black Death. The same trends also caused the conditions which produced many economic, social, and cultural changes. The greatest economic consequence of the Black Death was an improvement in the standard of living. However, villeinage was just as much strengthened. The greatest social consequence was the reduction in population. Out of the Black Death came a new secular culture that was focused on state building (Cohn 738). The entire social and economic history of late medieval England was determined by the Black Death."
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Body Objectification in Woman Athletes, 2008.
An analysis of the relationship between women athletes, body objectification and eating disorders.
2,291 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 29 sources, APA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the body of scholarly and research literature on the subject of female athletes, body image and objectification. It analyzes the role that the feminine ideal plays in the cognitive dissonance many sportswoman experience in reconciling the need for musculature to compete with the societal pressure to confirm to traditional norms of gender appearance. It pays particular attention to the correlation between this dissonance and the onset of eating disorders. The paper concludes with an analysis of qualitative research done by the author. The paper includes several interviews and discusses the light they shed on the previously discussed theories.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Literature Review
Interviews
From the Paper
"The coding of these interviews, albeit abbreviated because of limitations of time and length, nonetheless reveals distinct clustering patterns of words that connote issues central to our research topic. There clearly is a strong correlation between perceived body type, female athleticism and eating disorders in the case histories recounted in our interviews. Self-objectification is also in evidence as one of the root causes of the underlying psychological conflict that finds expression in eating disorders. Maggie's story in particular illustrates how destructive the discontinuity between the 'feminine ideal' and perceived body image can be. Just as the interview with the woman body builder demonstrates how the feminist perspective consciously applied to the problem of stigmatization of "muscular' woman can in fact insulate women from the social approbation of outright bias."
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Mandatory Health Insurance in Oregon, 2007.
An analysis of Oregon's proposed mandatory health insurance policy.
2,676 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the effects of imposing mandatory health insurance laws on all citizens of the state of Oregon. The writer discusses the financial challenges such a law would impose on low income citizens and how these citizens, that lack the financial ability to pay for insurance, would, consequently, not be able to avoid violating a mandatory health insurance law. The paper concludes that even though the framers of mandatory health insurance do not seem to have placed much value in the potential impact of unforeseen unemployment and do not seem to have much regard for the guarantees provided under equal protection under the law, these factors are directly relevant and must be evaluated. This document appends some of the sources used in writing this paper.
Outline:
Impact/Effectiveness Analysis
Workability Analysis
Efficiency Analysis
From the Paper
"Oregon's proposed policy that would implement mandatory health insurance requires careful study and a three dimensions of feasibility analysis, primarily because several inherent provisions of this prospective law appear to be unworkable and unenforceable. A range of other potential problems exists, but a significant unforeseen problem is that criminalizing low income citizens for being unable to afford health insurance may be in conflict with the constitutional guarantee of equal protection under the law."
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Psychiatric Nursing, 2008.
A review of two articles regarding the role of psychiatric nurses in the diagnosis and treatment of elderly psychiatric patients.
2,037 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper systematically reviews current literature regarding the lead role of psychiatric nurses in the diagnosis and treatment of elderly psychiatric patients. It reviews and discusses two articles for this purpose: "Effectiveness of a Nurse-Based Outreach Program for Identifying and Treating Psychiatric Illness in the Elderly" by P.V. Rabins, B.S. Black, R. Roca, P. German, M. McGuire, B. Robbins et al and "Does a Nurse-Led Mental Health Liaison Service for Older People Reduce Psychiatric Morbidity in Acute General Medical Wards? A Randomized Controlled Trial" by R. Baldwin, H. Pratt, H. Goring, A. Marriott and C. Roberts.
Table of Contents:
Description of the Topic
Search Strategy/ Overview of Search Strategy Findings
Review of Articles
Summary
From the Paper
"These two studies exemplify the need for more improvisation in terms of health care delivery. These two approaches showcase the untapped potential of nursing professionals in the larger setting of public health. In spite of the prevalent shortage of nurses, professional development in terms of role expansion is essential in order to ensure that the profession does not fall into complacency. Both studies are potentially replicable with adjustments made in methodology according to the setting and population in question. It should also be noted that, while the main objective of these studies is treatment efficacy, subsequent studies should also focus on other aspects of health care such as the consequences of missed mental health surveillance (e.g. PATCH). While analyses of some demographic factors in both studies (e.g. ethnicity, marital status, educational attainment) may have magnified or lessened the statistical impact of the interventions, it may be prudent to replicate these studies in similar settings as well as other, needier ones."
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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, 2008.
An analysis of the diagnostic implications of post traumatic stress disorder.
1,585 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper explains our conception of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It discusses the reasons that PTSD, as a formal diagnosis, has been called into question, with some experienced practitioners condemning the tendency to stereotype survivor patients. Finally, the paper describes the use of PTSD in the medico-legal functions related to compensation or support for survivor patients.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
The Usefulness of PTSD
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"Critics argue that better models are needed in order to distinguish several varieties of PTSD presentations from one another towards better treatment. Above all, practitioners of all kinds need to think through their attitudes towards severely victimized persons to show symptoms, whether they regard them properly as survivors of untold experience or as persons who are somehow damaged. The last is reprehensible in the eyes of many who work with severely traumatized torture survivors and others who come to very much respect their patients for their determination, in many cases, to be decent people, to live as naturally as possible, or their ability to forgive those that have inflicted much pain and sometimes permanent debility. As critics emphasize, whatever one chooses to call PTSD, one is left with the challenge of treating symptoms that can vary greatly, appear suddenly after a delay, or directly after an alarming event. Derek Summerfield of the Centre for Victims of Torture in the United Kingdom has criticized the formulation of a diagnosis that tends to pathologize patients who are all too apt to be regarded as victims when in fact they are survivors of note who require support towards integrating their adverse experiences. (2001)"
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Substance Abuse in Veterans, 2007.
This paper explores nursing care for substance abuse in male combat veterans.
4,865 words (approx. 19.5 pages), 20 sources, APA, $ 124.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that substance abuse secondary to post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common phenomenon among veterans of war who have been in combat. The paper focuses on the case of JR, a Vietnam veteran suffering from substance abuse and PTSD. The paper provides a detailed case presentation as well as a comprehensive literature review. This includes a discussion of topics such as substance abuse among veterans, PTSD, treatment options and nursing interventions and opportunities to intervene.
Outline:
Abstract
Case study JR
Literature Review
Nursing Implications
From the Paper
"Substance abuse and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) create a serious complex of psychological and physical manifestations and is a combination that has serious consequences and challenges for both the patient and nurse. Nowhere is this complex more challenging and in no population is this combination more prevalent than in the veteran returning from combat. According to Benda (2001), in 1996, 36 percent of all discharges from the military were for substance abuse issues and over 3,950,000 of the inpatient days spent at Veterans Administration (VA) hospitals were for substance abuse related care. Bailes (1998) states that in 1998 dollars and statistics, substance abuse problems cost Americans over $300 billion annually."
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Lung Disease, 2007.
A discussion of chronic obstructive pulmonary lung disease (COPD).
1,178 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper offers a definition and description of chronic obstructive pulmonary lung disease (COPD). The paper looks at the causes, symptoms, conventional diagnosis, transmission, prognosis and prevention of the disease. The paper seeks to highlight how COPD has long-term and frequently deadly consequences for those who refuse to engage in a healthy lifestyle.
From the Paper
"The online MedlinePlus medical encyclopedia defines Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary (Lung) Disease (also known as COPD) as a group of lung diseases which cause swelling of the airways; the same source then lists Emphysema and "chronic bronchitis" as two of the most common forms of COPD (sec.3). To expand upon the last sentence a little more fully, the National (U.S.) Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute defines Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Lung Disease as being, fundamentally, a progressive state of airway constriction and obstruction that ultimately leads to dramatically reduced lung function - even fatally reduced lung function (1-2). To summarize, Chromic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease may best be described as an incurable and progressive disease that attacks the pulmonary capacity of the lungs; in particular, the disease either (in the case of chronic bronchitis) causes mucus build-up in the bronchial tubes or (in the case of emphysema) sufficiently irritates the alveoli that they become "stiff" and unable to hold air - thereby ensuring that the body is not taking enough oxygen into it at the same time as it cannot get rid of unwanted carbon dioxide (American Academy of Family Physicians, para.1-4)."
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